Open Access
The moderating role of recreational substance use in the association of mediterranean diet with academic performance among adolescents
(Nature Research, 2023) López Gil, José Francisco; Smith, Lee; Gaya, Anelise; Victoria-Montesinos, Desirée; Gutiérrez Espinoza, Héctor; Herrera-Gutiérrez, Eva; García Hermoso, Antonio; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
No study has examined the potential moderating role of recreational substance use in the relationship between the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and academic performance. The aim of this study was to test the potential moderating role of recreational substance use (i.e., alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis) in the association of adherence to the MedDiet with academic performance among adolescents. This cross-sectional study included a sample of 757 adolescents (55.6% girls) aged 12–17 years from the Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia). The Region of Murcia is an autonomous community of Spain located in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Teenagers (KIDMED). Recreational substance use (i.e., tobacco, alcohol, cannabis) was self-reported by adolescents. Academic performance was assessed by the school records at the end of the academic year. The relationship between adherence to the MedDiet and academic performance was moderated by both tobacco and alcohol use (for grade point average and all school records). In conclusion, higher adherence to the MedDiet was related to greater academic performance in adolescents, but recreational substance use could moderate this association.
Open Access
A cluster randomized controlled trial of the Archena Infancia Saludable project on 24-h movement behaviors and adherence to the mediterranean diet among schoolchildren: a pilot study protocol
(MDPI, 2023) López Gil, José Francisco; García Hermoso, Antonio; Smith, Lee; Gallego, Alejandra; Victoria-Montesinos, Desirée; Ezzatvar, Yasmin; Hershey, María Soledad; Gutiérrez Espinoza, Héctor; Mesas, Arthur; Jiménez-López, Estela; Sánchez-Miguel, Pedro Antonio; López-Benavente, Alba; Moreno Galarraga, Laura; Chen, Sitong; Brazo-Sayavera, Javier; Fernández-Montero, Alejandro; Alcaraz, Pedro E.; Panisello Royo, Josefa María; Tárraga López, Pedro J.; Kales, Stefanos N.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe the protocol of pilot cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) that will evaluate the effects of a lifestyle-based intervention. The Archena Infancia Saludable project will have several objectives. The primary objective of this project is to determine the 6-month effects of a lifestyle-based intervention on adherence to 24-h movement behaviors and Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in schoolchildren. The secondary objective of this project is to test the intervention effects of this lifestyle-based intervention on a relevant set of health-related outcomes (i.e., anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, perceived physical fitness, sleep habits, and academic performance). The tertiary objective is to investigate this intervention’s “halo” effect on parents’/guardians’ 24-h movement behaviors and adherence to the MedDiet. Methods: The Archena Infancia Saludable trial will be a cluster RCT submitted to the Clinical Trials Registry. The protocol will be developed according to SPIRIT guidelines for RCTs and CONSORT statement extension for cluster RCTs. A total of 153 eligible parents/guardians with schoolchildren aged 6–13 years will be randomized into an intervention group or a control group. This project focuses on two fundamental pillars: 24-h movement behaviors and MedDiet. It will mainly focus on the relationship between parents/guardians and their children. Behavior change strategies for dietary and 24-h movement behaviors in schoolchildren will be based on healthy lifestyle education for parents/guardians through infographics, video recipes, brief video clips, and videos. Conclusions: Most of the current knowledge on 24-h movement behaviors and adherence to the MedDiet is based on cross-sectional or longitudinal cohort studies, warranting a need to design and conduct RCTs to obtain more robust evidence on the effect of a healthy lifestyle program to increase 24-h movement behaviors and to improve adherence to the MedDiet in schoolchildren.
Unknown
Physical fitness and sleep-related problems among adolescents: findings from the EHDLA study
(Wiley, 2025-03-19) Muñoz Pardeza, Jacinto; Ezzatvar, Yasmin; Gutiérrez Espinoza, Héctor; Páez-Herrera, Jacqueline; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; García Hermoso, Antonio; López Gil, José Francisco; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Physical fitness, particularly cardiorespiratory fitness, has been shown to positively impact sleep quality. However, the relation-ship between overall physical fitness and sleep-related problems in adolescents remains underexplored. Therefore, the aim ofthis study was to analyze the association between overall physical fitness and sleep-related problems in adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 812 adolescents (median age: 14 years [interquartile range = 12–17]; 54.9% girls) from the Eating Healthyand Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) data. Physical fitness was measured objectively using the Assessing the Levels of PHysicalActivity and fitness (ALPHA-Fit) battery for children and adolescents and a flexibility test, while sleep-related problems wereevaluated using the BEARS sleep screening tool (B = Bedtime problems, E = Excessive daytime sleepiness, A = Awakenings dur-ing the night, R = Regularity and duration of sleep, S = Snoring). Generalized linear models were used to examine the associationof overall physical fitness with the different components of sleep-related problems. The odds of experiencing sleep-related prob-lems decreased significantly with each kilogram increase in handgrip strength (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, 95% confidence interval[CI] 0.94–0.99), and with each standard deviation increase in overall physical fitness (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.59–0.99). In contrast,despite not statistically significant, an increase in long jump appeared to reduce the sleep-related problems (OR = 0.91; 95% CI0.82–1.02), while a longer time in the 4×10-m shuttle run test might increase sleep problems (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 0.98–1.28). Inconclusion, greater levels of physical fitness, particularly muscular strength, may be key for reducing sleep-related problems,emphasizing the importance of personalized training programs.
Unknown
Is social jetlag associated with physical fitness among spanish adolescents?: insights from the EHDLA study
(Wiley, 2025-01-23) Miño, Camila; García Hermoso, Antonio; Gutiérrez Espinoza, Héctor; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Duclos-Bastías, Daniel; Smith, Lee; López Gil, José Francisco; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: The misalignment of sleeping times during weekdays/weekends (i.e., social jetlag) is particularly common amongadolescents and plausibly associated with their physical fitness. However, literature on this topic is scarce. Therefore, this studyaimed to investigate the association between social jetlag and physical fitness in Spanish adolescents. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted on cross-sectional data from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities(EHDLA) study among 812 adolescents (54.9% girls) aged 12–17 years from the Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia, Spain). Socialjetlag was calculated from self-reported data on bedtimes and wake times for weekdays and weekends. Physical fitness was eval-uated with the Assessing the Levels of PHysical Activity and Fitness (ALPHA-FIT) for children and adolescents and includedcardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, speed agility, and flexibility. Results: The analysis revealed significant negative associations between worse social jetlag and detrimental overall physical fit-ness (unstandardized beta coefficient [B] = −0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.09, −0.02; p = 0.002), cardiorespiratory fitness(B = −1.28; 95% CI −2.22, −0.34; p = 0.008), and lower body muscular fitness (B = −2.01; 95% CI −3.90, −0.12; p = 0.038) after theadjustment for potential covariates (age, sex, socioeconomic status, physical activity level, sedentary behavior, nocturnal sleepduration, energy intake, and body mass index). In contrast with other fitness components, a significant positive association wasidentified between social jetlag and speed agility (B = 0.07; 95% CI 0.00, 0.14; p = 0.049). Conclusions: In adolescents, social jetlag is significantly linked to poorer physical fitness, especially for cardiorespiratory fit-ness and lower-body muscular fitness. Maintaining regular and well-synchronized sleep could be crucial for optimizing physicalhealth and preventing the decline of physical fitness during adolescence.

García Hermoso, Antonio

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