Ugarte Martínez, María Dolores
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Ugarte Martínez
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María Dolores
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Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas
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InaMat2. Instituto de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados y Matemáticas
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Publication Open Access Pinus spp. somatic embryo conversion under high temperature: effect on the morphological and physiological characteristics of plantlets(MDPI, 2020) Marqués do Nascimento, Antonia Maiara; Barroso, Priscila Alves; Ferreira do Nascimento, Naysa Flavia; Goicoa Mangado, Tomás; Ugarte Martínez, María Dolores; Montalbán, Itziar A.; Moncaleán, Paloma; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Estadística, Informática y MatemáticasClimatic variations in the current environmental scenario require plants with tolerance to sudden changes in temperature and a decrease in water availability. Accordingly, this tolerance will enable successful plantations and the maintenance of natural and planted forests. Consequently, in the last two decades, drought tolerance and high temperatures in conifers have been an important target for morphological, physiological, and epigenetic studies. Based on this, our research team has optimized different stages of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Pinus spp. improving the success of the process. Through this method, we can obtain a large amount of clonal material and then analyze the somatic plants under different conditions ex vitro. The analysis of the morphological and physiological parameters in somatic embryos (ses) and plants with different tolerances to abiotic stress can provide us with valuable information about the mechanisms used by plants to survive under adverse environmental conditions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of high temperatures (23, 40, 50, and 60◦C, after 12 weeks, 90, 30, 5 min, respectively) on the morphology of somatic embryos obtained from Pinus radiata D.Don (Radiata pine) and Pinus halepensis Mill. (Aleppo pine). In addition, we carried out a physiological evaluation of the somatic plants of P. radiata submitted to heat and water stress in a greenhouse. We observed that the number of somatic embryos was not affected by maturation temperatures in both species. Likewise, P. radiata plants obtained from these somatic embryos survived drought and heat stress in the greenhouse. In addition, plants originating from embryonal masses (EMs) subjected to high maturation temperature (40 and 60◦C) had a significant increase in gs and E. Therefore, it is possible to modulate the characteristics of somatic plants produced by the manipulation of environmental conditions during the process of SE.Publication Open Access High temperature and water deficit cause epigenetic changes in somatic plants of Pinus radiata D. Don(Springer, 2022) Marqués do Nascimento, Antonia Maiara; Montalbán, Itziar A.; Llamazares de Miguel, Diego; Goicoa Mangado, Tomás; Ugarte Martínez, María Dolores; Moncaleán, Paloma; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta MatematikaCurrent climate changes imply an imminent risk for forest species. In this context, somatic embryogenesis is a valuable tool to study the response of plants to different abiotic stresses. Based on this, we applied a high-temperature regime (50 °C, 5 min) during the maturation of Pinus radiata D. Don embryogenic masses in order to evaluate the development of an epigenetic memory months later. Therefore, somatic plants (SP) resulting from somatic embryos (ses) maturated at control temperature and cultivated in a greenhouse were submitted to heat stress (40 °C, 2 h, 10 days; 23 °C, 10 days) or at a control temperature (23 °C, 20 days); while another 20 SP resulting from ses maturated in the two temperature regimes and cultivated in the greenhouse were submitted to drought stress or weekly irrigated. All plants were evaluated for relative water content, water potential, electrolyte leakage, stomatal conductance, transpiration, methylation (5-mC) and hydroxymethylation (5-hmC) levels. The results showed that the SP obtained from ses maturated at 50 °C showed an adaptation to drought stress based on water potential and transpiration. Furthermore, SP kept under heat stress in a greenhouse showed lower 5-hmC levels than SP kept at 23 °C. Furthermore, the 5-hmC and 5-hmC/5-mC ratio showed a significantly negative correlation with changes in water potential; and a significantly negative correlation was observed between the levels of stomatal conductance and 5-mC. We conclude that the manipulation of conditions during the maturation process in somatic embryogenesis modulates the physiological characteristics of the SP obtained.