Ugarte Martínez, María Dolores
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Ugarte Martínez
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María Dolores
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Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas
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InaMat2. Instituto de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados y Matemáticas
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Publication Open Access Multivariate Bayesian spatio-temporal P-spline models to analyze crimes against women(Oxford University Press, 2021) Vicente Fuenzalida, Gonzalo; Goicoa Mangado, Tomás; Ugarte Martínez, María Dolores; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Estadística, Informática y MatemáticasUnivariate spatio-temporal models for areal count data have received great attention in recent years for estimating risks. However, models for studying multivariate responses are less commonly used mainly due to the computational burden. In this article, multivariate spatio-temporal P-spline models are proposed to study different forms of violence against women. Modeling distinct crimes jointly improves the precision of estimates over univariate models and allows to compute correlations among them. The correlation between the spatial and the temporal patterns may suggest connections among the different crimes that will certainly benefit a thorough comprehension of this problem that affects millions of women around the world. The models are fitted using integrated nested Laplace approximations and are used to analyze four distinct crimes against women at district level in the Indian state of Maharashtra during the period 2001-2013.Publication Open Access Small area estimation of gender-based violence: rape incidence risks in Uttar Pradesh, India(Society of Statistics, Computer and Applications, 2018) Vicente Fuenzalida, Gonzalo; Goicoa Mangado, Tomás; Puranik, A; Ugarte Martínez, María Dolores; Estatistika eta Ikerketa Operatiboa; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Estadística e Investigación OperativaViolence against women is considered an endemic problem in communities and countries around the world, and it has been declared an issue of epidemic proportions by the World Health Organization (WHO). In India, where the patriarchal nature of the country contributes to increasing violence against women, there has been a dramatic increase of this gender-based violence in the past decades. In this paper we focus on analyzing rape incidence risks in the most populous state of India. In particular, small area models including spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal components are used to estimate rape incidence risks in the districts of Uttar Pradesh during the period 2001-2014. We discover interesting spatio-temporal patterns of rape incidence as well as point out districts with significant high risks.Publication Open Access Crime against women in India: unveiling spatial patterns and temporal trends of dowry deaths in the districts of Uttar Pradesh(Wiley, 2020) Vicente Fuenzalida, Gonzalo; Goicoa Mangado, Tomás; Fernández Rasines, Paloma; Ugarte Martínez, María Dolores; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte LanaCrimes against women in India have been continuously increasing lately as reported by the National Crime Records Bureau. Gender-based violence has become a serious issue to such an extent that it has been catalogued as a high impact health problem by the World Health Organization. However, there is a lack of spatiotemporal analyses to reveal a complete picture of the geographical and temporal patterns of crimes against women. We focus on analysing how the geographical pattern of 'dowry deaths' changes over time in the districts of Uttar Pradesh during the period 2001–2014. The study of the geographical distribution of dowry death incidence and its evolution over time aims to identify specific regions that exhibit high risks and to hypothesize on potential risk factors. We also look into different spatial priors and their effects on final risk estimates. Various priors for the hyperparameters are also reviewed. The risk estimates seem to be robust in terms of the spatial prior and hyperprior choices and final results highlight several districts with extreme risks of dowry death incidence. Statistically significant associations are also found between dowry deaths, sex ratio and some forms of overall crime.