Elizondo Martínez, Sonia
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Elizondo Martínez
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Sonia
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Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas
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Publication Open Access Mental workload of guiding devices: directional pulling forces, vibrotactile stimuli and audio cues(ACM, 2024-06-19) Donkov Bogdanov, Stefan; Elizondo Martínez, Sonia; Ezcurdia Aguirre, Íñigo Fermín; Sarasate Azcona, Iosune; Marzo Pérez, Asier; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta MatematikaAsymmetric vibrations are known to produce a pulling sensation when stimulating the human hand. This effect has been exploited as a means of guidance. We conducted a user study to compare asymmetric vibrations, simple vibration, and sound cues for guidance in terms of task completion time and mental workload. Mental workload was evaluated (N=22) using the dual-task paradigm with a Stroop test and arithmetic operations test as secondary tasks. Audio cues improved significantly the task completion time for baseline and stroop tasks compared to the other methods. No significant differences were found for the reaction time for the guiding task. The use of audio cues was evaluated as the less mentally demanding guiding method on the NASA-TLX questionnaire.Publication Open Access Contactless electrostatic piloerection for haptic sensations(IEEE, 2023) Iriarte Cárdenas, Naroa; Ezcurdia Aguirre, Íñigo Fermín; Elizondo Martínez, Sonia; Irisarri Erviti, Josu; Hemmerling, Daria; Ortiz Nicolás, Amalia; Marzo Pérez, Asier; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta MatematikaIn this project, we create artificial piloerection using contactless electrostatics to induce tactile sensations in a contactless way. Firstly, we design various high-voltage generators and evaluate them in terms of their static charge, safety and frequency response with different electrodes as well as grounding strategies. Secondly, a psychophysics user study revealed which parts of the upper body are more sensitive to electrostatic piloerection and what adjectives are associated with them. Finally, we combine an electrostatic generator to produce artificial piloerection on the nape with a head-mounted display, this device provides an augmented virtual experience related to fear. We hope that work encourages designers to explore contactless piloerection for enhancing experiences such as music, short movies, video games, or exhibitions.Publication Open Access Enhancing the quality of amplitude patterns using time-multiplexed virtual acoustic fields(American Institute of Physics, 2023) Elizondo Martínez, Sonia; Ezcurdia Aguirre, Íñigo Fermín; Goñi Carnicero, Jaime; Galar Idoate, Mikel; Marzo Pérez, Asier; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta MatematikaUltrasonic fields can push and levitate particles, heat up materials, induce contactless tactile stimuli, or affect the blood-brain barrier. Current phased-arrays can create dynamic amplitude patterns, but their quality may be insufficient due to the limited density of emitters. On the other hand, passive modulators can provide high quality, but only static patterns can be generated. Here, we show and evaluate how the average of multiple time-multiplexed amplitude fields improves the resolution of the obtained patterns when compared with the traditional single-emission method. We optimize the non-linear problem of decomposing a target amplitude field into multiple fields considering the limitations of the phased-array. The presented technique improves the quality for existing setups without modifying the equipment, having the potential to improve bio-printing, haptic devices, or ultrasonic medical treatments.