Open Access
Changes in lifestyle behaviours during the COVID-19 confinement in Spanish children: a longitudinal analysis from the MUGI project
(Wiley, 2021) Medrano Echeverría, María; Cadenas-Sánchez, Cristina; Osés Recalde, Maddi; Arenaza Etxeberría, Lide; Labayen Goñi, Idoia; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, 2019 904 116
Background: Home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic could have affected lifestyle behaviours of children, however evidence about it is emerging and yet scarce. Objectives: To examine the effects of the COVID-19 confinement on lifestyle behaviours in Spanish children, and to assess the influence of social vulnerabilities on changes in lifestyle behaviours. Methods: Physical activity (PA), screen time, sleep time, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (KIDMED) and sociodemographic information were longitudinally assessed before (N = 291, 12.1 ± 2.4 years, 47.8% girls) and during the COVID-19 confinement (N = 113, 12.0 ± 2.6 years, 48.7% girls) by online questionnaires. Results: During the COVID-19 confinement, PA (−91 ± 55 min/d, P <.001) and screen time (±2.6 h/d, P <.001) worsened, whereas the KIDMED score improved (0.5 ± 2.2 points, P <.02). The decrease of PA was higher in children with mother of non-Spanish origin (−1.8 ± 0.2 vs −1.5 ± 0.1 h/d, P <.04) or with non-university studies (−1.7 ± 0.1 vs −1.3 ± 0.1 h/d, P <.005) in comparison to their counterparts. Conclusion: This study evidence the negative impact of the COVID-19 confinement on PA levels and sedentary behaviours of Spanish children. These findings should be taken into account to design and implement public health strategies for preserving children´s health during and after the pandemic, particularly, in children with social vulnerabilities.
Open Access
Association of breakfast quality and energy density with cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese children: role of physical activity
(MDPI, 2018) Arenaza Etxeberría, Lide; Muñoz-Hernández, Victoria; Medrano Echeverría, María; Osés Recalde, Maddi; Amasene, María; Merchán Ramírez, Elisa; Cadenas-Sánchez, Cristina; Ortega, Francisco B.; Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Labayen Goñi, Idoia; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
There is a general belief that having breakfast is an important healthy lifestyle factor; however, there is scarce evidence on the influence of breakfast quality and energy density on cardiometabolic risk in children, as well as on the role of physical activity in this association. The aims of this paper were (i) to examine the associations of breakfast quality and energy density from both solids and beverages with cardiometabolic risk factors, and (ii) to explore whether physical activity levels may attenuate these relationships in children with overweight/obesity from two projects carried out in the north and south of Spain. Breakfast consumption, breakfast quality index (BQI) score, BEDs/BEDb (24 h-recalls and the KIDMED questionnaire), and physical activity (PA; accelerometry) were assessed, in 203 children aged 8-12 years who were overweight or obese. We measured body composition (Dual X-ray Absorptiometry), uric acid, blood pressure, lipid profile, gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT), glucose, and insulin, and calculated the HOMA and metabolic syndrome z-score. The BQI score was inversely associated with serum uric acid independently of a set of relevant confounders (= -0.172, p = 0.028), but the relationship was attenuated after further controlling for total PA (p < 0.07). BEDs was positively associated with total and HDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure regardless of confounders (all p < 0.05), while BEDb was positively associated with HOMA in either active/inactive children (all p < 0.03). In conclusion, higher breakfast quality and lower breakfast energy density should be promoted in overweight/obesity children to improve their cardiometabolic health.
Open Access
Differences in areal bone mineral density between metabolically healthy and unhealthy overweight/obese children: the role of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness
(Springer Nature, 2019) Ubago Guisado, Esther; Gracia-Marco, Luis; Medrano Echeverría, María; Cadenas-Sánchez, Cristina; Arenaza Etxeberría, Lide; Migueles, Jairo H.; Mora González, José; Tobalina, Ignacio; Escolano Margarit, María Victoria; Osés Recalde, Maddi; Martín Matillas, Miguel; Labayen Goñi, Idoia; Ortega, Francisco B.; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
Objectives: To examine whether areal bone mineral density (aBMD) differs between metabolically healthy (MHO) and unhealthy (MUO) overweight/obese children and to examine the role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in this association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was developed in 188 overweight/obese children (10.4 ± 1.2 years) from the ActiveBrains and EFIGRO studies. Participants were classified as MHO or MUO based on Jolliffe and Janssen’s metabolic syndrome cut-off points for triglycerides, glucose, high-density cholesterol and blood pressure. MVPA and CRF were assessed by accelerometry and the 20-m shuttle run test, respectively. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: In model 1 (adjusted for sex, years from peak high velocity, stature and lean mass), MHO children had significantly higher aBMD in total body less head (Cohen’s d effect size, ES = 0.34), trunk (ES = 0.43) and pelvis (ES = 0.33) than MUO children. These differences were attenuated once MVPA was added to model 1 (model 2), and most of them disappeared once CRF was added to the model 1 (model 3). Conclusions: This novel research shows that MHO children have greater aBMD than their MUO peers. Furthermore, both MVPA and more importantly CRF seem to partially explain these findings.
Open Access
Patterns of active commuting to school in Spanish preschool children and its associations with socio-economic factors: the PREFIT project
(MDPI, 2021) Herrador-Colmenero, Manuel; Cadenas-Sánchez, Cristina; Labayen Goñi, Idoia; Muntaner Mas, Adrià; Moliner-Urdiales, Diego; Lozano Berges, Gabriel; Benito, Pedro J.; Rodríguez Pérez, M. A.; Delgado Alfonso, Álvaro; Sanchís Moysi, Joaquín; Martínez Vizcaíno, Vicente; Chillón, Palma; PREFIT Project Group; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
The aims of this study were to describe patterns of active commuting to school (ACS) of preschool children, and to analyse the relationship between ACS and family socio-economic factors. A total of 2636 families of preschoolers (3-to-5 years old) were asked to complete a questionnaire at home about the mode of commuting to school of their children and marital status, educational level, and profession of both father and mother. Chi-square analyses were applied to compare ACS between school grades and gender of the children. To analyse the association of ACS with socio-economic factors, logistic regression analyses were performed. Almost 50% of participants reported ACS of their offspring, with a higher rate in 3rd preprimary grade (5 years old) than in 1st and 2nd preprimary grades (3-and 4-years old. All, p <0.05). Those preschool children who had parents with lower educational level and no managerial work had higher odds to ACS than those who had parents with higher educational level and managerial work (all, p ≤ 0.001). Around half of the Spanish preschool children included in this study commuted actively to school and families with lower educational levels or worse employment situation were related to active commuting to school.
Open Access
Revisiting the association of sedentary behavior and physical activity with all-cause mortality using a compositional approach: the Women's Health Study
(BioMed Central, 2021) Migueles, Jairo H.; Lee, I-Min; Cadenas-Sánchez, Cristina; Ortega, Francisco B.; Buring, Julie E.; Shiroma, Eric J.; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
Background: while physical activity has consistently been associated with decreased mortality rates, it remains unknown if there is a single 'ideal' combination of time in physical activities of different intensities and sedentary behavior (SB) associated with the lowest rate. This study examined the associations of combinations of time in moderate-to-vigorous intensity (MVPA), higher-light intensity (HLPA), lower-light intensity activities (LLPA), and SB with mortality rates in older women. Methods: this prospective cohort study included 16,676 older women from throughout the United States enrolled in the Women’s Health Study. Women wore accelerometers on their hip from 2011 to 2015 and were followed through 2017 (mean (SD) of 4.3 (1.1) years). Deaths were confirmed with medical records, death certificates, or the National Death Index. Compositional Cox regression models were used. Results: the mean (SD) age was 72 (5.7) years at accelerometer wear; 503 women died. Compared to the least active women (mean, 3 min/day MVPA, 27 min/day HLPA, 162 min/day LLPA, and 701 min/day SB): compositional models showed an inverse L-shaped dose-response association of MVPA replacing other behaviors with mortality rates mortality rates (P =.02); SB relative to LLPA, HLPA, and MVPA was directly associated with mortality rates in a curvilinear dose-response manner (P <.001); replacing 10 min of SB for MVPA (HR (95% CI) =.86 (.73–.98)) or for HLPA (HR (95% CI.94 (.88–1.00)) associated with 14 and 6% lower mortality rates, respectively; a 47% risk reduction (HR [95% CI] =.53 [.42–.64]) was observed among women meeting physical activity guidelines (mean, 36 min/day MVPA, 79 min/day HLPA, 227 min/day LLPA and 549 min/day SB); and similar mortality rate reductions of 43% (HR (95% CI) =.57 (.41–.73)) were observed with increases in HLPA and LLPA without increasing MVPA, e.g., reallocating SB to 90 min/day of HLPA plus 120 min/day of LLPA. Conclusions: there was no 'ideal' combination of physical activities of different intensities and SB associated with the lowest mortality rates. Of particular relevance to older women, replacing SB with light intensity activity was associated with lower mortality rates, and 'mixing and matching' times in different intensities yielded equivalent mortality risk reductions.