Open Access
Twenty-four-hour movement guidelines during middle adolescence and their association with glucose outcomes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood
(Elsevier, 2022) García Hermoso, Antonio; López Gil, José Francisco; Ezzatvar, Yasmin; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the association between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines during middle adolescence and glucose outcomes (glycated hemoglobin and fasting glucose) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adulthood, 14 and 22 years later. Methods: We analyzed data from apparently healthy adolescents aged 12-18 years who participated in Waves I and II (1994-1996, n = 14,738), Wave IV (2008-2009, n = 8913), and Wave V (2016-2018, n = 3457) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) in the United States. Physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration were measured using questionnaires, and the 24-h guidelines were defined as: 5 or more times moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week, ≤2 h per day of screen time, and sleeping 8-10 h per day and or night. Capillary and venous whole blood was collected and analyzed to determine glycated hemoglobin and fasting glucose for Waves IV and V, respectively. Results: Only 2.1% of the adolescents met all the 3 guidelines, and 37.8% met none of them. In both waves IV and V, adolescents who met physical activity and screen time guidelines had lower odds of T2DM in adulthood than those who did not meet any of these guidelines (Wave IV; prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.21-0.89; Wave V: PR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.32-0.74). Only for Wave V did adolescents who met all three guidelines have lower odds of T2DM at follow-up compared with those who did not meet any of these guidelines (PR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.24-0.91). Also, for each increase in meeting one of the 24-h recommendations, the odds of T2DM decreased by 18% (PR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.61-0.99) and 15% (PR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.65-0.98) in adulthood for Waves IV and V, respectively. Conclusion: Promoting all 24-h movement guidelines in adolescence, especially physical activity and screen time, is important for lowering the potential risk of T2DM in adulthood.
Open Access
Anthropometric characteristics, handgrip strength, and upper limb asymmetries in highly trained chilean shot put para-athletes
(Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía, 2023) Garcia-Carrillo, Exal; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Ramírez Campillo, Rodrigo; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Las características antropométricas, incluido el tamaño, forma y composición del cuerpo, pueden tener un impacto significativo en el rendimiento deportivo debido a su influencia en diversos factores fisiológicos y biomecánicos. Sin embargo, las investigaciones sobre las características antropométricas para-atletas de lanzamiento altamente entrenados son limitadas. El propósito de este estudio fue describir las características antropométricas, la fuerza de prensión manual y las asimetrías bilaterales de miembros superiores de paralanzadores chilenos altamente entrenados en lanzamiento de la bala. Se evaluaron las características antropométricas de cinco atletas masculinos chilenos de lanzamiento de bala (edad promedio de 38,8 ± 7,7 años), incluido el grosor de los pliegues cutáneos en seis sitios anatómicos, la circunferencia en cinco sitios y la anchura de los huesos en dos sitios. También se midieron la fuerza de prensión manual y las asimetrías bilaterales. Se encontró que la masa corporal y la altura de los atletas eran 90,5 ± 5,1 kg y 179,1 ± 8,9 cm, respectivamente. Los atletas tenían un somatotipo endo-mesomorfo (4.4-6.9-1.0) con altos niveles de masa grasa (25.7 ± 2.8 %) y masa muscular esquelética (39.1 ± 3.7 %). Se encontró además que la fuerza de prensión manual de los atletas era de 66,4 ± 6,7 kg con una asimetría bilateral de 6,5 ± 6,2 %, mostrando mayor fuerza la mano dominante. Los resultados indican que los atletas de lanzamiento de bala tienen un somatotipo caracterizado por una mayor musculatura y grasa corporal, junto con una estatura considerable. Aunque se encontró que la fuerza de agarre era alta, los atletas mostraron asimetría bilateral, lo que requiere de más investigaciones para determinar las causa e implicaciones.
Open Access
Physical fitness profile of competitive young soccer players: determination of positional differences
(SAGE, 2016) Marqués, Mário C.; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Gabbett, Tim J.; Travassos, Bruno; Branquinho, Luís; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
The aim of this study was to compare the anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics of the different playing positions in adolescent soccer players. Furthermore, differences among playing ages (under 14, under 16, and under 18 years) were determined. One hundred and sixty-seven young male national level soccer players were tested on anthropometric characteristics and physical performance tests (30 m sprint, ball kicking, overhead medicine ball throw, and countermovement jump). The results demonstrated differences in anthropometric characteristics between positions (p < 0.05). Differences were also found in the physical performance tests; forwards performed better in the throwing, countermovement jump, and sprint tests than defenders. Midfielders demonstrated greater countermovement jump performances than right defenders. Our results highlight that there is an influence of playing position on the anthropometric and physical qualities in adolescent players. This emphasizes the importance of evaluating the physical profile of players and their development according to playing age and playing position.
Open Access
Comment on 'Effects of Vivifrail multicomponent intervention on functional capacity' by Casas-Herrero et al.-The authors reply.
(Wiley, 2024) Sánchez Sánchez, Juan Luis; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; López Sáez de Asteasu, Mikel; Antón Rodrigo, Iván; Galbete Jiménez, Arkaitz; Álvarez Bustos, Alejandro; Casas Herrero, Álvaro; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
In this response letter, we would like to clarify some aspects related to the methodology and inferences derived from our work entitled 'Effects of Vivifrail multicomponent intervention on functional capacity', which was aimed at investigating the effects of a home-based multicomponent individualized exercise programme (Vivifrail) on the functional capacity of frail older adults with mild cognitive impairment/dementia. Yan et al.2 raised concerns related to the amount of data missingness and methods used to handle it in our study. Although we addressed this issue as a limitation of the Discussion section of the original report, we now take the opportunity to further discuss its implications.
Open Access
Effects of exercise interventions on inflammatory parameters in acutely hospitalized older patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
(MDPI, 2021) Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; García Hermoso, Antonio; Martínez Velilla, Nicolás; Zambom Ferraresi, Fabrício; López Sáez de Asteasu, Mikel; Recarey Rodríguez, Anel Eduardo; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to appraise the acute effects of exercise training on inflammatory parameters in hospitalized older adults. We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Web of Science, Medline and PubMed were searched for studies published until August 2020. The review included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated and compared the effect of exercise versus usual care on inflammatory parameters in acutely hospitalized older adults. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies. The quality of all the included studies was assessed using the DerSimonian–Laird random-effects inverse-variance model. Five studies (275 participants) met the inclusion criteria. The exercise interventions included resistance or multicomponent intervention programs. The results indicate that, compared with usual care, exercise interventions have a positive impact on overall inflammatory parameters, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) (Hedge's g = −0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.33 to −0.04, p = 0.011, I2 = 0%). However, analyses of individual inflammatory parameters revealed a non-significant trend for reductions in CRP (Hedge's g = −0.20, 95% CI −0.47 to 0.07, p = 0.151, I2 = 31.2%) and IGF-I (Hedge's g = −0.34, 95% CI −0.79 to 0.11, p = 0.138, I2 = 0%). On the basis of this review, we conclude that exercise during acute hospitalization offers a mild improvement in the inflammatory profile over usual care in older patients. Nevertheless, due to limited number of RCTs, our findings must be interpreted with caution and confirmed in future studies.
Open Access
Association of intrinsic capacity with incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease: prospective study in UK Biobank
(Wiley, 2023) Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Iriarte-Fernández, María; Santafé Rodrigo, Guzmán; Malanda Trigueros, Armando; Beard, John R.; García Hermoso, Antonio; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Osasun Zientziak; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Background: The World Health Organization proposed the concept of intrinsic capacity (IC; the composite of all the physical and mental capacities of the individual) as central for healthy ageing. However, little research has investigated the interaction and joint associations of IC with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and CVD mortality in middle- and older-aged adults. Methods: Using data from 443 130 UK Biobank participants, we analysed seven biomarkers capturing the level of functioning of five domains of IC to calculate a total IC score (ranging from 0 [better IC] to +4 points [poor IC]). Associations between IC score and incidence of six long-term CVD conditions (hypertension, stroke/transient ischaemic attack stroke, peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation/flutter, coronary artery disease and heart failure), and grouped mortality from these conditions were estimated using Cox proportional models, with a 1-year landmark analysis to triangulate the findings. Results: Over 10.6 years of follow-up, CVD morbidity grouped (n = 384 380 participants for the final analytic sample) was associated with IC scores (0 to +4): mean hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval, CI] 1.11 [1.08–1.14], 1.20 [1.16–1.24], 1.29 [1.23–1.36] and 1.56 [1.45–1.59] in men (C-index = 0.68), and 1.17 [1.13–1.20], 1.30 [1.26–1.36], 1.52 [1.45–1.59] and 1.78 [1.67–1.89] in women (C-index = 0.70). In regard to mortality, our results indicated that the higher IC score (+4 points) was associated with a significant increase in subsequent CVD mortality (mean HR [95% CI]: 2.10 [1.81–2.43] in men [C-index = 0.75] and 2.29 [1.85–2.84] in women [C-index = 0.78]). Results of all sensitivity analyses by full sample, sex and age categories were largely consistent independent of major confounding factors (P < 0.001). Conclusions: IC deficit score is a powerful predictor of functional trajectories and vulnerabilities of the individual in relation to CVD incidence and premature death. Monitoring an individual's IC score may provide an early-warning system to initiate preventive efforts.
Open Access
Effects of a multicomponent exercise program in older adults with non-small-cell lung cancer during adjuvant/palliative treatment: an intervention study
(MDPI, 2020) Rosero Rosero, Ilem Dayana; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Martínez Velilla, Nicolás; Cedeño Veloz, Bernardo Abel; Morilla Ruiz, Idoia; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Clinical intervention studies support the efficacy and safety of exercise programs as a treatment modality for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) during adjuvant/palliative treatment, but the effectiveness of real-world oncogeriatric services is yet to be established. We aimed to examine the effects of a 10-week structured and individualized multicomponent exercise program on physical/cognitive functioning and mental wellness in elderly patients with NSCLC under adjuvant therapy or palliative treatment. A non-randomized, opportunistic control, longitudinal-design trial was conducted on 26 patients with NSCLC stage I-IV. Of 34 eligible participants, 21 were allocated into two groups: (i) control group (n = 7) received usual medical care; and (ii) intervention group (n =19) received multicomponent program sessions, including endurance, strength, balance, coordination and stretching exercises. Tests included the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), 5-m habitual Gait Velocity Test (GVT), Timed Up & Go Test (TUG), 6-Min Walk Test (6MWT), independence of activities in daily living (IADL), muscular performance, cognitive function, and quality of life, which were measured at baseline and after 10weeks of the program. Results revealed a significant groupxtime interaction for SPPB (p = 0.004), 5-m GVT (p = 0.036), TUG (p = 0.007), and muscular performance (chest and leg power; p < 0.001). Similarly, significant changes were observed between groups for cognitive functioning (p = 0.021) and quality of life for EUROQoL 5D (p = 0.006). Our findings confirm that a multicomponent exercise program improves measures of physical/cognitive functioning and quality of life in the elderly with NSCLC under adjuvant therapy or palliative treatment. This is an interesting and important study that adds to our current body of knowledge on the safety of exercise interventions, especially in the elderly with solid tumors.
Open Access
Effects of plyometric training and beta-alanine supplementation on maximal-intensity exercise and endurance in female soccer players
(De Gruyter, 2017) Rosas, Fabián; Ramírez Campillo, Rodrigo; Martínez Salazar, Cristian; Caniuqueo Vargas, Alexis; Cañas Jamet, Rodrigo; McCrudden, Emma; Meylan, César; Moran, Jason; Nakamura, Fábio Y.; Pereira, Lucas A.; Loturco, Irineu; Díaz, Daniela; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Plyometric training and beta-alanine supplementation are common among soccer players, although its combined use had never been tested. Therefore, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to compare the effects of a plyometric training program, with or without beta-alanine supplementation, on maximalintensity and endurance performance in female soccer players during an in-season training period. Athletes (23.7 ± 2.4 years) were assigned to either a plyometric training group receiving a placebo (PLACEBO, n = 8), a plyometric training group receiving beta-alanine supplementation (BA, n = 8), or a control group receiving placebo without following a plyometric training program (CONTROL, n = 9). Athletes were evaluated for single and repeated jumps and sprints, endurance, and change-of-direction speed performance before and after the intervention. Both plyometric training groups improved in explosive jumping (ES = 0.27 to 1.0), sprinting (ES = 0.31 to 0.78), repeated sprinting (ES = 0.39 to 0.91), 60 s repeated jumping (ES = 0.32 to 0.45), endurance (ES = 0.35 to 0.37), and change-of-direction speed performance (ES = 0.36 to 0.58), whereas no significant changes were observed for the CONTROL group. Nevertheless, compared to the CONTROL group, only the BA group showed greater improvements in endurance, repeated sprinting and repeated jumping performances. It was concluded that beta-alanine supplementation during plyometric training may add further adaptive changes related to endurance, repeated sprinting and jumping ability.
Open Access
Effects of exercise training on fetuin-a in obese, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adults and elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(BioMed Central, 2019) Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; García Hermoso, Antonio; Hackney, Anthony C.; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: elevated levels of fetuin-A are associated with increased risks of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This meta-analysis investigated whether exercise interventions can reduce fetuin-A in adults. Methods: we searched clinical trials that objectively assessed fetuin-A and included study arms with exercise intervention. The pre-intervention and post-intervention data were used for meta-analysis. The effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean differences or changes in fetuin-A and expressed as Hedges' g using random-effects models. Results: the overall Hedges' g for fetuin-A in all included interventions was - 0.640 (95%CI - 1.129 to - 0.151; n = 9), but this effect was not observed in obese (g = - 0.096; 95%CI, - 0.328 to 0.135) and type 2 diabetes/dysglycemia (g = - 0.56; 95%CI, - 1.348 to 0.236) individuals. Additionally, the random-effects meta-regression analysis showed that there was not a greater decrease in fetuin-A in individuals who achieved greater body mass index reductions (regression coefficient = 0.065; 95%CI, - 0.185 to 0.315). Conclusion: supervised exercise is associated with reductions in fetuin-A levels in adults and elderly. However, the results of the present meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution because of the variety of type of exercises and individual obesity related-disorders involve. Therefore, additional high-quality randomized controlled trials describing the effect of supervised exercise interventions on fetuin-A in adults are still needed.
Open Access
Reference values for handgrip strength and their association with intrinsic capacity domains among older adults
(Wiley, 2019) Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Correa Bautista, Jorge Enrique; García Hermoso, Antonio; Cano Gutiérrez, Carlos Alberto; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Objective The purposes of this study were three-fold: (i) to describe handgrip strength in older individuals aged >= 60 years in Colombia; (ii) to identify sex-specific and age-specific muscle weakness cut-off points in older adults; and (iii) to determine the odds of adverse events for each of the intrinsic capacity domains for individuals with handgrip strength greater than the muscle weakness cut-off points, as compared with their weaker counterparts. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Colombia, among 5237 older adults aged >= 60 years old (58.5% women, 70.5 +/- 7.8 years), according to 'SABE Survey 2015'. Handgrip strength data were obtained with a Takei dynamometer. Sociodemographic variables, five domains of intrinsic capacity (i.e. locomotion, vitality, cognition, psychological, and sensory), and medical conditions were assessed and analyzed. Adjustments variables were age, ethnicity, socio-economic status, urbanicity, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, drug use, physical activity, and co-morbid chronic diseases. Sex-stratified analyses were conducted with logistic regression models. Results Handgrip strength was greater among men than among women (26.7 +/- 8.5 vs. 16.7 +/- 5.7 kg, respectively, P < 0.001) at all ages. Weak handgrip strength cut-off points ranged from 17.4 to 8.6 and from 10.1 to 4.9 in men and women, respectively. Overall, participants with optimal handgrip strength had better intrinsic capacity [in men, odds ratio (OR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 to 0.71; P < 0.001; and in women, OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.92; P = 0.002] than their weaker counterparts. Also, men with optimal handgrip strength had a lower risk of hospitalization (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.78; P = 0.004) than their weaker counterparts. Conclusions This study is the first to describe handgrip strength values and cut-off points for muscle weakness among a nationally representative sample of Colombian older adults by age and sex. After categorizing older adults as weak or not weak based on the handgrip cut-off points, non-weakness was associated with a decreased odds of intrinsic capacity impairments. These cut-off points may be good candidates for clinical assessment of risks to physical and mental health in older Colombian adults.