Person: García Alonso, Yesenia
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García Alonso
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Yesenia
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Ciencias de la Salud
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0000-0001-7750-9460
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812109
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Publication Open Access Evaluación de los dominios de la actividad física y los componentes de la condición física en niños de 4-5 años en un centro de salud(Lúa Ediciones 3.0, 2023) Legarra Gorgoñón, Gaizka; García Alonso, Yesenia; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Erice Echegaray, Blanca; Moreno González, Paula; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Alonso Martínez, Alicia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakIntroducción: la falta de actividad física y el sedentarismo en niños se asocia con una mayor adiposidad, bajo nivel de aptitud cardiovascular y riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Sin embargo, cumplir con las recomendaciones de actividad física se relaciona con mejoras en la salud mental, disminución de la ansiedad y depresión, así como adopción de hábitos saludables. Objetivos: evaluar la relación entre los diferentes dominios de la actividad física y del sedentarismo, medidos de forma objetiva, y los componentes de la condición física en niños españoles de 4 y 5 años. Población y métodos: estudio transversal dentro del proyecto 'Observatorio y programa de intervención de ejercicio físico y estilos de vida en familia para niños y niñas de 4 a 5 años en Atención Primaria' (https://observatorioactividadfisica.es). La condición física se evaluó con la batería PREFIT y la cantidad e intensidad de actividad física mediante un acelerómetro tri-axial GENEActiv durante 7 días consecutivos las 24 horas del día. Resultados: la muestra evaluada fue de 70 niños (38 niños y 32 niñas) con una media (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%) de 4,83 años. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la condición física entre niños y niñas. Los niños realizaron una actividad física de mayor intensidad y tiempo que las niñas. Además, se encontró una fuerte relación significativa entre los componentes de la condición física y los dominios de la actividad física. Conclusiones: estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de promover estilos de vida activos desde temprana edad y la necesidad de programas de entrenamiento estructurado para reducir el sedentarismo y mejorar la condición física en esta población.Publication Open Access Centile reference curves of the ultrasound-based characteristics of the rectus femoris muscle composition in children at 4–11 years old(Frontiers Media, 2023) García Alonso, Yesenia; Alonso Martínez, Alicia; García Hermoso, Antonio; Legarra Gorgoñón, Gaizka; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakQuantitative diagnostic ultrasound has been proposed as a way to characterize muscle structure, but there is a lack of normative data for children. This study aims to establish age-specific normal ranges for echo-intensity (EI), cross-sectional area (CSA), muscular thickness (MT), and subcutaneous adipose thickness (SAT) values of the rectus femoris muscle in typically developing children. The study recruited 497 children (288 boys and 209 girls) aged 4–10.9 years (mean age 7.39 years), and muscle parameters were measured using 2D B-mode ultrasound. Percentile values and reference curves were calculated using the Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method (LMS). The results showed small variation between measurements for boys compared to girls, with the most significant difference in EI, CSA, and MT values. EI decreased with age, with the most pronounced curve in boys. SAT increased in both sexes, with a slightly higher increase in girls after the age of 9.0 years. This study provides the first age-specific reference norms for the rectus femoris muscle architecture in children, and further research is needed to validate these curves and determine their clinical utility.Publication Open Access Gamified family-based health exercise intervention to improve adherence to 24-h movement behaviors recommendations in children: "3, 2, 1 Move on Study"(BMC, 2023) Alonso Martínez, Alicia; Legarra Gorgoñón, Gaizka; García Alonso, Yesenia; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Alonso Martínez, Loreto; Erice Echegaray, Blanca; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako GobernuaBackground Evidence suggests that movement patterns, including physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration, throughout a 24-h period, have a signifcant impact on biological processes and health outcomes for both young and adult populations. However, 80% of adolescents worldwide are not sufciently active, and many children do not meet international physical activity recommendations for their age. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of a 12-week gamifed family-based health and exercise intervention on physical ftness, basic motor competencies, mental and behavioral health, and adherence to 24-h movement guidelines in children aged 4 to 5 years old. The study will evaluate changes in sedentary levels, physical ftness, basic motor competencies, mental and behavioral disorders, adherence to the exercise program, and compliance with physical activity recom‑ mendations. In addition, the aim of this protocol is to describe the scientifc rationale in detail and to provide informa‑ tion about the study procedures. Methods/design A total of 80 children, aged 4 to 5 years old, will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to one of two groups: the exercise group and the routine care group. The exercise group will undergo a 12-week exercise interven‑ tion, followed by a 12-week follow-up period. On the other hand, the routine care group will undergo a 12-week period of routine care, followed by a 12-week follow-up control period. The exercise program will be implemented in a family setting and facilitated through a gamifed web platform with online supervision, with the hypothesis that it will have a positive impact on physical ftness, anthropometric measures, basic motor competencies, and adherence to 24-h movement guidelines. Discussion The results of this study will provide valuable insights into the impact of a gamifed, family-oriented health and exercise program on various aspects of health, including physical ftness, basic motor competencies, mental and behavioral well-being, and adherence to 24-h movement guidelines. The fndings will contribute to clos‑ ing the gap in current knowledge on the efectiveness of these types of interventions for children and their parents. These fndings will also contribute to the development of future guidelines for promoting physical activity in childrenPublication Open Access Resistance training and clinical status in patients with postdischarge symptoms after COVID-19: protocol for a randomized controlled crossover trial 'The EXER-COVID Crossover Study'.(BMC, 2022) Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Oteiza Olaso, Julio; Casas Fernández de Tejerina, Juan Manuel; García Alonso, Nora; Legarra Gorgoñón, Gaizka; Oscoz Ochandorena, Sergio; Arasanz Esteban, Hugo; García Alonso, Yesenia; Correa Rodríguez, María; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakBackground: physical exercise induces a coordinated response of multiple organ systems, including the immune system. In fact, it has been proposed that physical exercise may modulate the immune system. However, the potential effect of an exercise program on COVID-19 survivors has not been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the modifications in immunological parameters, physical condition, inflammatory profile, and perceived persistent symptoms after 6 weeks of supervised resistance training (RT), in addition to the standard care on the clinical status of patients with persistent COVID-19 symptoms. The objective of this protocol is to describe the scientific rationale in detail and to provide information about the study procedures. Methods/design: a total of 100 patients with postdischarge symptoms after COVID-19 will be randomly allocated into either a group receiving standard care (control group) or a group performing a multicomponent exercise program two times a week over a period of 6 weeks. The main hypothesis is that a 6-week multicomponent exercise program (EXER-COVID Crossover Study) will improve the immunological and inflammatory profile, physical condition, and persistent perceived symptoms (fatigue/tiredness, musculoskeletal pain, and shortness of breath) in patients with postdischarge symptoms after COVID-19. Discussion: our results will provide insights into the effects of a multicomponent exercise program on immunological parameters, physical condition, inflammatory profile, and persistent perceived symptoms in patients with postdischarge symptoms after COVID-19. Information obtained by this study will inform future guidelines on the exercise training rehabilitation of patients with postdischarge symptoms after COVID-19.Publication Open Access Relationship between physical fitness, body composition indicators and physical activity components in Spanish schoolchildren(2023) García Alonso, Yesenia; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Alonso Martínez, Alicia; García Hermoso, Antonio; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakEsta Tesis Doctoral se basa en un proyecto de investigación longitudinal del grupo E-FIT (Ejercicio físico, salud y calidad de vida) denominado 'Observatorio de Actividad Física en población escolar https://observatorioactividadfisica.es'. Este proyecto ha sido financiado por el Departamento de Educación del Gobierno de Navarra (BDNS identificación: 448415) y se ha llevado a cabo desde la Universidad Pública de Navarra y Navarrabiomed (España). La investigación busca conocer la relación entre la condición física de la población escolar en la etapa de Educación Infantil y algunos hábitos saludables. Los objetivos del estudio fueron promover hábitos saludables, reducir el sedentarismo y promover un aumento en la cantidad y calidad de la actividad física (AF) en la población infantil. Esta Tesis Doctoral se compone de cuatro estudios publicados en revistas científicas internacionales. El primer estudio (Capítulo 1) tuvo como objetivo examinar los efectos del confinamiento por COVID-19 sobre la AF, el tiempo sedentario, el sueño y la autorregulación; y determinar si la AF y el sueño están relacionados con problemas de autorregulación durante el confinamiento. En el segundo estudio (Capítulo 2), el objetivo principal fue comparar los niveles de AF, comportamiento sedentario (CS) y tiempo de sueño en niños antes y durante la pandemia COVID-19 y determinar la asociación entre los cambios en la AF moderada- vigorosa (AFMV) y la AF total (AFT), CS, y el tiempo de sueño entre los padres y sus hijos. En el tercer estudio (Capítulo 3), el objetivo principal fue evaluar la asociación entre los componentes de la aptitud física con los parámetros de ultrasonido muscular en niños prepúberes. En el último estudio (Capítulo 4) el propósito fue establecer rangos normales específicos por edad de los valores de EI, TAS y TAI en niños de entre cuatro y once años sin enfermedad metabólica subyacente.Publication Open Access Maximal oxidative capacity during exercise is associated with muscle power output in patients with long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome. A moderation analysis.(Elsevier, 2023) Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Oscoz Ochandorena, Sergio; García Alonso, Yesenia; García Alonso, Nora; Legarra Gorgoñón, Gaizka; Oteiza Olaso, Julio; Ernaga Lorea, Ander; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Correa Rodríguez, María; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakBackground & aims: Long COVID syndrome (LCS) involves persistent symptoms experienced by many patients after recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to assess skeletal muscle energy metabolism, which is closely related to substrate oxidation rates during exercise, in patients with LCS compared with healthy controls. We also examined whether muscle power output mediates the relationship between COVID-19 and skeletal muscle energy metabolism. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 71 patients with LCS and 63 healthy controls. We assessed clinical characteristics such as body composition, physical activity, and muscle strength. We used cardiopulmonary exercise testing to evaluate substrate oxidation rates during graded exercise. We performed statistical analyses to compare group characteristics and peak fat oxidation differences based on power output. Results: The two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) results, adjusted for covariates, showed that the patients with LCS had lower absolute maximal fatty acid oxidation (MFO), relative MFO/fat free mass (FFM), absolute carbohydrates oxidation (CHox), relative CHox/FFM, and oxygen uptake (V__O2) at maximum fat oxidation (g min1 ) than the healthy controls (P < 0.05). Moderation analysis indicated that muscle power output significantly influenced the relationship between LCS and reduced peak fat oxidation (interaction b ¼ 0.105 [95% confidence interval 0.174; 0.036]; P ¼ 0.026). Therefore, when muscle power output was below 388 W, the effect of the LCS on MFO was significant (62% in our study sample P ¼ 0.010). These findings suggest compromised mitochondrial bioenergetics and muscle function, represented by lower peak fat oxidation rates, in the patients with LCS compared with the healthy controls. Conclusion: The patients with LCS had lower peak fat oxidation during exercise compared with the healthy controls, potentially indicating impairment in skeletal muscle function. The relationship between peak fat oxidation and LCS appears to be mediated predominantly by muscle power output. Additional research should continue investigating LCS pathogenesis and the functional role of mitochondria.Publication Open Access Physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep and self-regulation in Spanish preschoolers during the COVID-19 lockdown(MDPI, 2021) Alonso Martínez, Alicia; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; García Alonso, Yesenia; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; García Hermoso, Antonio; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, CENEDUCA1/2019Background: A better understanding of the effects of the lockdown on lifestyle behaviors may help to guide the public health response to COVID-19 at a national level and to update the global strategy to respond COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on device-measured physical activity (PA), sedentary time, sleep and self-regulation; and to determine whether PA and sleep are related to self-regulation problems during the lockdown. Methods: PA, sedentary time and sleep were assessed using accelerometry in the week in which the Spanish national state of alarm was declared (n = 21). Parents reported preschooler’s self-regulation difficulties (internalizing and externalizing) before (n = 268) and during the lockdown (n = 157) by a validated questionnaire. Results: Preschoolers showed a decrease in total PA (mean difference [MD] = -43.3 min per day, 95% CI -68.1 to -18.5), sleep efficiency (MD = -2.09%, 95% CI -4.12 to -0.05), an increase in sedentary time (MD = 50.2 min per day, 95% CI 17.1 to 83.3) internalizing (MD = 0.17, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.28) and externalizing (MD = 0.33, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.44) problems. Preschoolers who met the World Health Organization recommendations for PA had lower internalizing scores than non-active peers (MD = -1.28, 95% CI -2.53 to -0.03). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of meeting PA recommendations to reduce psychosocial difficulties during a lockdown situation.Publication Open Access Associations between basic motor competencies and physical fitness in Spanish pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study(BMC, 2023) Legarra Gorgoñón, Gaizka; García Alonso, Yesenia; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Erice Echegaray, Blanca; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Alonso Martínez, Alicia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako GobernuaBackground: Basic motor competencies (BMC) play a vital role in child development and are a primary focus of physical education. However, there is a lack of research on BMC in preschool-aged children, making this study particularly significant. The present study aims to examine the relationship between BMC and physical fitness components in Spanish preschool children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 children (n = 52 boys, average age of 4.80 years) living in Pamplona, North Spain. Components of physical fitness (handgrip strength, standing long jump, speed-agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness) were assessed using the PREFIT Battery. Overall physical fitness was computed from the four selected fitness components separately for boys and girls. Higher z-scores values in physical fitness indicate better fitness performance. To assess BMC, the MOBAK KG test battery was applied (subscales of object control and self-movement). Sex, age, and body mass index were used as main confounders. Results: After adjustment for confounding factors, the BMC was positively associated with single (z-scores) components and overall physical fitness sum of z-scores (R 2 from 0.178 to 0.469, all P-values < 0.05). Additional percentile scores weakened the associations, but they still remained significant (R 2 from 0.146 to 0.337, all P-values < 0.05). Compared with participants in the lowest tertile, those in the highest tertile of the MOBAK KG sum score, and in both object movement and self-movement test subscales had significantly higher scores in single fitness component (z-scores or percentile) and overall physical fitness sum of z-scores (all P for trend < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results revealed that higher BMC is associated with better physical fitness in Spanish preschool children. The findings emphasize the crucial role that basic motor competence plays in promoting physical activity in preschool children.