Canals Tresserras, Rosa María
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Canals Tresserras
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Rosa María
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Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación
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IS-FOOD. Research Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain
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Publication Open Access Landscape in motion: revisiting the role of key disturbances in the preservation of mountain ecosystems(Universidad de la Rioja, 2019) Canals Tresserras, Rosa María; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODLa historia del planeta es una historia dinámica, de continuo cambio. Los responsables de la gestión del medio natural se enfrentan actualmente ante un paisaje muy cambiante debido a las condiciones de cambio global (cambio climático y de usos del suelo) provocadas por la acción humana en los últimos siglos. La dimensión temporal es un aspecto clave en la gestión del medio natural, y conocer la historia de los agentes que han esculpido el paisaje permite entender los nuevos escenarios impulsados por el cambio global. Este artículo discute el concepto tradicional de conservación del medio natural, analiza el papel de determinadas perturbaciones en el funcionamiento y la dinámica de los ecosistemas y ofrece un nuevo enfoque de gestión derivado de este conocimiento. Las prácticas combinadas de fuego controlado y pastoreo guiado (herbivorismo pírico) emergen como valiosas herramientas de conservación de los ecosistemas de montaña, que deben consolidarse aunando experiencia y conocimiento científico-técnico para maximizar sus efectos positivos y minimizar los potenciales impactos negativos.Publication Open Access Soil bacterial functional diversity mirrors the loss of plant diversity by the expansion of a native tall-grass in high mountain grasslands(Springer, 2019) Canals Tresserras, Rosa María; Múgica Azpilicueta, Leire; Durán Lázaro, María; San Emeterio Garciandía, Leticia; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaBackground and Aims: In highland ecosystems, global change processes are intense and foster vegetation shifts that may have an impact on soil functioning. Soil bacterial communities may be particularly sensitive to these changing scenarios. The aim of this research is to determine whether the loss of floristic diversity caused by the unusual dominance of a native component -the perennial grass Brachypodium rupestre (L.) Beauv., which is expanding aggressively in natural grasslands of the Western Pyrenees-, parallels a decrease of the soil bacterial functional diversity and their potential for nutrient transformations. Methods: We conducted the study in eight grasslands exposed to different degrees of B. rupestre spreading. Soil community physiological profiles of the heterotrophic bacteria, enzymatic activities related to C, P and N cycles, C and N microbial biomasses, N components and soil physical and chemical properties were determined. Results: Soils below low-diversity grasslands had lower bacterial functional richness and diversity but greater urease activity, pH and nitrate than soils in diverse grasslands. Ammonium pools, C and N microbial biomasses and enzymatic activities related to C and P did not differ between grasslands. Conclusions: The expansion of B. rupestre and the decrease of plant diversity coincided with a significant decline of bacterial functional diversity and an alteration of the N cycle. Not only plant composition but the prevailing disturbance regime may account for the results. Results also suggest that B. rupestre may rely on its capability to use N efficiently rather than on a soil bacteria-mediated N availability.