Prospects of autonomous volcanic monitoring stations: experimental investigation on thermoelectric generation from fumaroles

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dc.contributor.authorCatalán Ros, Leyre
dc.contributor.authorAraiz Vega, Miguel
dc.contributor.authorPadilla, Germán D.
dc.contributor.authorHernández, Pedro A.
dc.contributor.authorPérez, Nemesio M.
dc.contributor.authorGarcía de la Noceda, Celestino
dc.contributor.authorAlbert, José F.
dc.contributor.authorAstrain Ulibarrena, David
dc.contributor.departmentIngeniaritzaeu
dc.contributor.departmentInstitute of Smart Cities - ISCen
dc.contributor.departmentIngenieríaes_ES
dc.date.accessioned2020-11-09T09:58:38Z
dc.date.available2020-11-09T09:58:38Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractFumaroles represent evidence of volcanic activity, emitting steam and volcanic gases at temperatures between 70 and 100 °C. Due to the well-known advantages of thermoelectricity, such as reliability, reduced maintenance and scalability, the present paper studies the possibilities of thermoelectric generators, devices based on solid-state physics, to directly convert fumaroles heat into electricity due to the Seebeck effect. For this purpose, a thermoelectric generator composed of two bismuth-telluride thermoelectric modules and heat pipes as heat exchangers was installed, for the first time, at Teide volcano (Canary Islands, Spain), where fumaroles arise in the surface at 82 °C. The installed thermoelectric generator has demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed solution, leading to a compact generator with no moving parts that produces a net generation between 0.32 and 0.33 W per module given a temperature difference between the heat reservoirs encompassed in the 69–86 °C range. These results become interesting due to the possibilities of supplying power to the volcanic monitoring stations that measure the precursors of volcanic eruptions, making them completely autonomous. Nonetheless, in order to achieve this objective, corrosion prevention measures must be taken because the hydrogen sulfide contained in the fumaroles reacts with steam, forming sulfuric acid.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by the Spanish State Research Agency with FEDER–UE funds under grants number RTC-2017-6628-3 and RTI-2018-093501-B-C22.The authors would like to acknowledge the support of FPU Program of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (FPU16/05203).en
dc.format.extent21 p.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/s20123547
dc.identifier.issn1424-8220
dc.identifier.urihttps://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/38575
dc.language.isoengen
dc.publisherMDPIen
dc.relation.ispartofSensors 2020, 20, 3547en
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.3390/s20123547
dc.rights© 2020 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)en
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectThermoelectric generatoren
dc.subjectGeothermalen
dc.subjectVolcanoen
dc.subjectPower generationen
dc.subjectAutonomousen
dc.subjectThermoelectricityen
dc.subjectHeat pipeen
dc.titleProspects of autonomous volcanic monitoring stations: experimental investigation on thermoelectric generation from fumarolesen
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationd19df8b0-c37b-494b-85cb-a28787bd46f9
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationb191fa17-dc29-406f-891a-6fe13ccc325a
relation.isAuthorOfPublication5f626878-b8c6-4403-97ee-e14738ea30e2
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryd19df8b0-c37b-494b-85cb-a28787bd46f9

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