Monitoring of water freeze-thaw cycle by means of an etched single-mode - multimode - single-mode fiber-optic refractometer

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Date
2023Author
Version
Acceso abierto / Sarbide irekia
Type
Artículo / Artikulua
Version
Versión aceptada / Onetsi den bertsioa
Project Identifier
Impact
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10.1109/JSEN.2023.3273226
Abstract
As an alternative to the different technologies that permit the detection of in-situ ice formation on different surfaces, this contribution proposes the design of an etched single-mode – multimode – single-mode (E-SMS) fiber-optic-based structure as a multimode interference refractometer. This sensor provides enhanced properties with respect to a basic SMS structure, including a higher sensitivit ...
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As an alternative to the different technologies that permit the detection of in-situ ice formation on different surfaces, this contribution proposes the design of an etched single-mode – multimode – single-mode (E-SMS) fiber-optic-based structure as a multimode interference refractometer. This sensor provides enhanced properties with respect to a basic SMS structure, including a higher sensitivity and periodical interferometry bands that can measure surrounding refractive indices with repeatability and robustness. Since ice and water refractive indices are sufficiently different, this structure has been used to detect the freezing - thawing process of water taking place inside a freezer between -20°C and +20°C. Also, this work intends to show a proof of concept of a simple technology that can be applied in different situations, such as in smart cities, avionics, structural health monitoring or even to avoid a cold chain breakage. Inside, novel developments to better understand the working operation of the E-SMS structure are shown, together with a study on how to correlate optical and thermal measurements from a refractive index point of view. [--]
Subject
Optical fiber sensors,
Multimode interference,
Ice detection,
Freeze-thaw cycle,
Refractometry
Publisher
IEEE
Published in
IEEE Sensors Journal (2023)
Departament
Universidad Pública de Navarra. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación /
Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza Saila /
Universidad Pública de Navarra/Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
Publisher version
Sponsorship
This work was supported by the Spanish National Research Agency project with reference PID2019-106231RB-I00. Also, part of the funding was provided by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Stardust-Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities) under Grant 774094. (Corresponding author: Abián B. Socorro-Leránoz).