Cabello Olmo, MiriamOneca Agurruza, MaríaUrtasun Alonso, RaquelPajares Villandiego, María JosefaGoñi Irigoyen, SaioaRiezu Boj, José I.Milagro Yoldi, F. I.Ayo, JosuneEncío Martínez, IgnacioBarajas Vélez, Miguel ÁngelAraña Ciordia, Miriam2023-05-042023-05-042023Cabello-Olmo, M., Oneca, M., Urtasun, R., Pajares, M. J., Goñi, S., Riezu-Boj, J. I., Milagro, F. I., Ayo, J., Encio, I. J., Barajas, M., & Araña, M. (2023). Pediococcus acidilactici pA1c® Improves the Beneficial Effects of Metformin Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes by Controlling Glycaemia and Modulating Intestinal Microbiota. Pharmaceutics, 15(4), 1203. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics150412031999-492310.3390/pharmaceutics15041203https://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/45236Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disease, which involves maintained hyperglycemia, mainly due to the development of an insulin resistance process. Metformin administration is the most prescribed treatment for diabetic patients. In a previously published study, we demonstrated that Pediococcus acidilactici pA1c® (pA1c) protects from insulin resistance and body weight gain in HFD-induced diabetic mice. The present work aimed to evaluate the possible beneficial impact of a 16-week administration of pA1c, metformin, or the combination of pA1c and metformin in a T2D HFD-induced mice model. We found that the simultaneous administration of both products attenuated hyperglycemia, increased high-intensity insulin-positive areas in the pancreas and HOMA-β, decreased HOMA-IR and also provided more beneficial effects than metformin treatment (regarding HOMA-IR, serum C-peptide level, liver steatosis or hepatic Fasn expression), and pA1c treatment (regarding body weight or hepatic G6pase expression). The three treatments had a significant impact on fecal microbiota and led to differential composition of commensal bacterial populations. In conclusion, our findings suggest that P. acidilactici pA1c® administration improved metformin beneficial effects as a T2D treatment, and it would be a valuable therapeutic strategy to treat T2D.application/pdfapplication/zipeng© 2023 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.Pediococcus acidilacticiProbioticMetforminHigh-fat dietDiabetesGlycaemiaIntestinal microbiotainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article2023-05-04info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess