La competencia investigativa del profesorado en formación: percepciones y desempeño

Abstract

La competencia investigativa es fundamental para construir una cultura científica básica. Trabajarla desde la primera infancia contribuye a desarrollar la capacidad de elaborar explicaciones a partir de la indagación y la construcción teórica. La mayoría de las investigaciones sobre la competencia investigativa del profesorado se enfocan desde un plano teórico. El objetivode este trabajoes analizar las percepciones de 208 alumnos del Grado de Maestro sobre su propia competencia investigativa y contrastarlas con su desempeño real. Las percepciones se valoran mediante un cuestionario que tomaen cuenta las habilidades y destrezas vinculadasa la competencia investigativa, ajustadas enuna escala Likert. El desempeñose midióa partir de cuatro tareas que responden a los tipos de pensamiento exigidos para el desarrollo de esta competencia: comprensivo, crítico, creativo y metacognitivo. Los resultados muestran que el alumnado no es consciente de sus carencias ni de sus necesidades formativas, lo que es imprescindible para aprender a aprender.

Research competence is essential for basic scientific literacy; if trained from early childhood, it enhances the ability of the learner to elaborate explanations, stemming from inquiry and following theoretical construction. So far, most of the research devoted on teachers’ research competence has been focused on theoretical questions. Thus, the objective of this work is to get 208 student teachers to estimate their research competence and to compare it to their actual performance. Students' perceptions were measured using a questionnaire that referred to the skills and abilities included in the research competence. Their real performance was assessed through four specific tasks, which mobilized the four types of thinking required for the development of this competence: comprehensive, critical, creative and metacognitive. The results show that students' beliefs do not generally adjust to their real performance and that therefore they are unaware of their training needs, which is essential for learning to learn.