Artículos de revista ISFOOD - ISFOOD aldizkari artikuluak

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Browsing Artículos de revista ISFOOD - ISFOOD aldizkari artikuluak by Author "Acosta, Francisco M."

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    PublicationOpen Access
    Adults with metabolically healthy overweight or obesity present more brown adipose tissue and higher thermogenesis than their metabolically unhealthy counterparts
    (Elsevier, 2024) Jurado Fasoli, Lucas; Sánchez Delgado, Guillermo; Alcántara Alcántara, Juan Manuel; Acosta, Francisco M.; Sánchez Sánchez, Rocío; Labayen Goñi, Idoia; Ortega, Francisco B.; Martínez Téllez, Borja; Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
    Background: There is a subset of individuals with overweight/obesity characterized by a lower risk of cardiometabolic complications, the so-called metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHOO) phenotype. Despite the relatively higher levels of subcutaneous adipose tissue and lower visceral adipose tissue observed in individuals with MHOO than individuals with metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUOO), little is known about the differences in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Methods: This study included 53 young adults (28 women) with a body mass index (BMI) ¿25 kg/m2 which were classified as MHOO (n = 34) or MUOO (n = 19). BAT was assessed through a static 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan after a 2-h personalized cooling protocol. Energy expenditure, skin temperature, and thermal perception were assessed during a standardized mixed meal test (3.5 h) and a 1-h personalized cold exposure. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, energy intake was determined during an ad libitum meal test and dietary recalls, and physical activity levels were determined by a wrist-worn accelerometer. Findings: Participants with MHOO presented higher BAT volume (+124%, P = 0.008), SUVmean (+63%, P = 0.001), and SUVpeak (+133%, P = 0.003) than MUOO, despite having similar BAT mean radiodensity (P = 0.354). In addition, individuals with MHOO exhibited marginally higher meal-induced thermogenesis (P = 0.096) and cold-induced thermogenesis (+158%, P = 0.050). Moreover, MHOO participants showed higher supraclavicular skin temperature than MUOO during the first hour of the postprandial period and during the cold exposure, while no statistically significant differences were observed in other skin temperature parameters. We observed no statistically significant differences between MHOO and MUOO in thermal perception, body composition, outdoor ambient temperature exposure, resting metabolic rate, energy intake, or physical activity levels. Interpretation: Adults with MHOO present higher BAT volume and activity than MUOO. The higher meal- and cold-induced thermogenesis and cold-induced supraclavicular skin temperature are compatible with a higher BAT activity. Overall, these results suggest that BAT presence and activity might be linked to a healthier phenotype in young adults with overweight or obesity.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Association of meal timing with body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults
    (Springer, 2023) Dote-Montero, Manuel; Acosta, Francisco M.; Sánchez Delgado, Guillermo; Merchán Ramírez, Elisa; Amaro Gahete, Francisco J.; Labayen Goñi, Idoia; Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
    Purpose: To investigate the association of meal timing with body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study participated 118 young adults (82 women; 22±2 years old; BMI: 25.1±4.6 kg/m2). Meal timing was determined via three non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Sleep outcomes were objectively assessed using accelerometry. The eating window (time between frst and last caloric intake), caloric midpoint (local time at which≥50% of daily calories are consumed), eating jetlag (variability of the eating midpoint between non-working and working days), time from the midsleep point to frst food intake, and time from last food intake to midsleep point were calculated. Body composition was determined by DXA. Blood pressure and fasting cardiometabolic risk factors (i.e., triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and insulin resistance) were measured. Results: Meal timing was not associated with body composition (p>0.05). The eating window was negatively related to HOMA-IR and cardiometabolic risk score in men (R2=0.348, β=−0.605; R2=0.234, β=−0.508; all p≤0.003). The time from midsleep point to frst food intake was positively related to HOMA-IR and cardiometabolic risk score in men (R2=0.212, β=0.485; R2=0.228, β=0.502; all p=0.003). These associations remained after adjusting for confounders and multiplicity (all p≤0.011). Conclusions: Meal timing seems unrelated to body composition in young adults. However, a longer daily eating window and a shorter time from midsleep point to frst food intake (i.e., earlier frst food intake in a 24 h cycle) are associated with better cardiometabolic health in young men. Clinical trial registration: NCT02365129 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02365129?term=ACTIBATE&draw= 2&rank=1).
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Deciphering the constrained total energy expenditure model in humans by associating accelerometer-measured physical activity from wrist and hip
    (Nature Research, 2021) Fernández-Verdejo, Rodrigo; Alcántara Alcántara, Juan Manuel; Galgani, José E.; Acosta, Francisco M.; Migueles, Jairo H.; Amaro Gahete, Francisco J.; Labayen Goñi, Idoia; Ortega, Francisco B.; Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Osasun Zientziak; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Ciencias de la Salud
    The constrained total energy expenditure (TEE) model posits that progressive increases in physical activity (PA) lead to increases in TEE; but after certain PA threshold, TEE plateaus. Then, a compensatory reduction in the expenditure of non-essential activities constrains the TEE. We hypothesized that high PA levels as locomotion associate with a compensatory attenuation in arm movements. We included 209 adults (64% females, mean [SD] age 32.1 [15.0] years) and 105 children (40% females, age 10.0 [1.1] years). Subjects wore, simultaneously, one accelerometer in the non-dominant wrist and another in the hip for ≥ 4 days. We analyzed the association between wrist-measured (arm movements plus locomotion) and hip-measured PA (locomotion). We also analyzed how the capacity to dissociate arm movements from locomotion influences total PA. In adults, the association between wrist-measured and hip-measured PA was better described by a quadratic than a linear model (Quadratic-R2 = 0.54 vs. Linear-R2 = 0.52; P = 0.003). Above the 80th percentile of hip-measured PA, wrist-measured PA plateaued. In children, there was no evidence that a quadratic model fitted the association between wrist-measured and hip-measured PA better than a linear model (R2 = 0.58 in both models, P = 0.25). In adults and children, those with the highest capacity to dissociate arm movements from locomotion—i.e. higher arm movements for a given locomotion—reached the highest total PA. We conclude that, in adults, elevated locomotion associates with a compensatory reduction in arm movements (probably non-essential fidgeting) that partially explains the constrained TEE model. Subjects with the lowest arm compensation reach the highest total PA.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Eating behavior, physical activity and exercise training: a randomized controlled trial in young healthy adults
    (MDPI, 2020) Martínez Ávila, Wendy D.; Sánchez Delgado, Guillermo; Acosta, Francisco M.; Jurado Fasoli, Lucas; Oustric, Pauline; Labayen Goñi, Idoia; Blundell, John E.; Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
    Regular physical activity (PA) is an important part of the treatment of several medical conditions, including overweight and obesity, in which there may be a weakened appetite control. Eating behaviour traits influence weight control and may be different in active and sedentary subjects. This paper reports the relationships between the time spent in sedentary behaviour and physical activity (PA) of different intensity, and eating behaviour traits in young, healthy adults. Additionally, it reports the results of a six-month-long, randomized, controlled trial to examine the effect of an exercise intervention on eating behaviour traits. A total of 139 young (22.06 ± 2.26 years) healthy adults (68.35% women) with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 24.95 ± 4.57 kg/m2 were enrolled. Baseline assessments of habitual PA were made using wrist-worn triaxial accelerometers; eating behaviour traits were examined via the self-reported questionnaires: Binge Eating, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 and Control of Eating Questionnaire. The subjects were then randomly assigned to one of three groups: control (usual lifestyle), moderate-intensity exercise (aerobic and resistance training 3¨C4 days/week at a heart rate equivalent to 60% of the heart rate reserve (HRres) for the aerobic component, and at 50% of the 1 repetition maximum (RM) for the resistance component), or vigorous-intensity exercise (the same training but at 80% HRres for half of the aerobic training, and 70% RM for the resistance training). At baseline, sedentary behaviour was inversely associated with binge eating (r = −0.181, p < 0.05) and with uncontrolled eating (r = −0.286, p = 0.001). Moderate PA (MPA) was inversely associated with craving control (r = −0.188, p <0.05). Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was directly associated with binge eating (r = 0.302, p < 0.001) and uncontrolled eating (r = 0.346, p < 0.001), and inversely associated with craving control (r = −0.170, p < 0.015). Overall, PA was directly associated with binge eating (r = 0.275, p = 0.001), uncontrolled eating (r = 0.321, p < 0.001) and emotional eating (r = 0.204, p < 0.05). Additionally, only emotional eating was modified by the intervention, increasing in the vigorous-intensity exercise group (p < 0.05). In summary, we observed that time spent in sedentary behaviour/PA of different intensity is associated with eating behaviour traits, especially binge eating in young adults. In contrast, the six-month exercise intervention did not lead to appreciable changes in eating behaviour traits.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Energy expenditure and macronutrient oxidation in response to an individualized nonshivering cooling protocol
    (Wiley, 2020) Sánchez Delgado, Guillermo; Alcántara Alcántara, Juan Manuel; Acosta, Francisco M.; Martínez Téllez, Borja; Amaro Gahete, Francisco J.; Merchán Ramírez, Elisa; Löf, Marie; Labayen Goñi, Idoia; Ravussin, Eric; Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
    Objective This study aimed to describe the energy expenditure (EE) and macronutrient oxidation response to an individualized nonshivering cold exposure in young healthy adults. Methods Two different groups of 44 (study 1: 22.1 [SD 2.1] years old, 25.6 [SD 5.2] kg/m(2), 34% men) and 13 young healthy adults (study 2: 25.6 [SD 3.0] years old, 23.6 [SD 2.4] kg/m(2), 54% men) participated in this study. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and macronutrient oxidation rates were measured by indirect calorimetry under fasting conditions in a warm environment (for 30 minutes) and in mild cold conditions (for 65 minutes, with the individual wearing a water-perfused cooling vest set at an individualized temperature adjusted to the individual's shivering threshold). Results In study 1, EE increased in the initial stage of cold exposure and remained stable for the whole cold exposure (P < 0.001). Mean cold-induced thermogenesis (9.56 +/- 7.9 kcal/h) was 13.9% +/- 11.6% of the RMR (range: -14.8% to 39.9% of the RMR). Carbohydrate oxidation decreased during the first 30 minutes of the cold exposure and later recovered up to the baseline values (P < 0.01) in parallel to opposite changes in fat oxidation (P < 0.01). Results were replicated in study 2. Conclusions A 1-hour mild cold exposure individually adjusted to elicit maximum nonshivering thermogenesis induces a very modest increase in EE and a shift of macronutrient oxidation that may underlie a shift in thermogenic tissue activity.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Higher physical activity levels are related to faecal microbiota diversity and composition in young adults
    (Termedia Publishing, 2024-06-04) Ortiz Álvarez, Lourdes; Xu, Huiwen; Ruiz-Campos, Samuel ; Acosta, Francisco M.; Migueles, Jairo H.; Vilchez-Vargas, Ramiro; Link, Alexander; Plaza-Díaz, Julio; Gil, Ángel; Labayen Goñi, Idoia; Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Martínez Téllez, Borja; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
    Increasing physical activity (PA) is recognised as an efficacious approach for preventing and treating cardiometabolic diseases. Recently, the composition of microorganisms living within the gut has been proposed as an important appropriate target for treating these diseases. Whether PA is related to faecal microbiota diversity and composition in humans remains to be ascertained. Thus, we examined the association of the time spent in objectively measured PA with faecal microbiota diversity and composition in young adults. A cross-sectional study enrolled 88 young adults aged 22.0±2.3 years (72.7% women), whose time spent in PA at different intensities was objectively measured with a wrist-worn accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. Faecal microbiota diversity and composition were analysed with hypervariable tag sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The mean Euclidean Norm of the raw accelerations Minus One (mg) during waking time, considered as overall PA, and the time spent in vigorous PA were positively correlated with alpha diversity indexes (all rho ≥ 0.23, P ≤ 0.034). Regarding faecal microbiota composition, participants with low time spent in vigorous PA had higher relative abundance of the Gammaproteobacteria class (q = 0.021, FDR = q-value) compared to the participants with high time spent in vigorous PA, and lower relative abundance of the Porphyromonadaceae family (q = 0.031) and the Alistipes genus (q = 0.015) compared to the individuals with high and intermediate time spent in vigorous PA, respectively. Our results suggest that PA, especially of vigorous intensity, is related to faecal microbiota diversity and the Gammaproteobacteria class and Porphyromonadaceae family in young adults.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    No evidence of brown adipose tissue activation after 24 weeks of supervised exercise training in young sedentary adults in the ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial
    (Nature Research, 2022) Martínez Téllez, Borja; Sánchez Delgado, Guillermo; Acosta, Francisco M.; Alcántara Alcántara, Juan Manuel; Amaro Gahete, Francisco J.; Martínez Ávila, Wendy D.; Merchán Ramírez, Elisa; Muñoz-Hernández, Victoria; Osuna Prieto, Francisco J.; Jurado Fasoli, Lucas; Xu, Huiwen; Ortiz Álvarez, Lourdes; Arias Téllez, María J.; Méndez Gutiérrez, Andrea; Labayen Goñi, Idoia; Ortega, Francisco B.; Schönke, Milena; Rensen, Patrick C. N; Aguilera, Concepción María; Llamas Elvira, José M.; Gil, Ángel; Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
    Exercise modulates both brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning in murine models. Whether this is true in humans, however, has remained unknown. An unblinded randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02365129) was therefore conducted to study the effects of a 24-week supervised exercise intervention, combining endurance and resistance training, on BAT volume and activity (primary outcome). The study was carried out in the Sport and Health University Research Institute and the Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital of the University of Granada (Spain). One hundred and forty-five young sedentary adults were assigned to either (i) a control group (no exercise, n = 54), (ii) a moderate intensity exercise group (MOD-EX, n = 48), or (iii) a vigorous intensity exercise group (VIG-EX n = 43) by unrestricted randomization. No relevant adverse events were recorded. 97 participants (34 men, 63 women) were included in the final analysis (Control; n = 35, MOD-EX; n = 31, and VIG-EX; n = 31). We observed no changes in BAT volume (Δ Control: −22.2 ± 52.6 ml; Δ MOD-EX: −15.5 ± 62.1 ml, Δ VIG-EX: −6.8 ± 66.4 ml; P = 0.771) or 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake (SUVpeak Δ Control: −2.6 ± 3.1 ml; Δ MOD-EX: −1.2 ± 4.8, Δ VIG-EX: −2.2 ± 5.1; p = 0.476) in either the control or the exercise groups. Thus, we did not find any evidence of an exercise-induced change on BAT volume or activity in young sedentary adults.