DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Izquierdo Redín, Mikel"

Browsing by Author "Izquierdo Redín, Mikel"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 270

Metadata only
A más ejercicio, menos enfermedades y gasto en farmacia. ¿A qué esperamos?
(2013) Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Rodríguez Mañas, Leocadio; Rodríguez Artalejo, Fernando; Andradas Aragonés, Elena; Gorostiaga Ayestarán, Esteban; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa; Parlamento de Navarra
Recientemente, un grupo de investigadores españoles ha publicado un estudio que muestra una reducción significativa en el número de visitas a los centros de salud de las personas que participaron en un programa de ejercicio físico, en comparación con el número de visitas de una población físicamente inactiva. También se ha observado un gran ahorro en el costo sanitario y en la prevención de nuevas enfermedades asociadas al sedentarismo. El ejercicio, comparado con el gasto en medicamentos, tiene un bajo coste y apenas efectos adversos. Sin embargo, a pesar de la abrumadora evidencia científica de que la actividad física mejora la salud de la población, sus efectos no están aún social ni políticamente reconocidos. ¿A qué se espera para la prescripción del ejercicio físico como una medicina? ¿Cuándo se recetará la práctica de ejercicio físico dos días a la semana en la prevención y tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares y otras enfermedades crónicas como el declive de la capacidad funcional? ¿Por qué no se prescribe el entrenamiento de fuerza muscular en el tratamiento y prevención de la discapacidad de personas mayores consideradas frágiles o en pacientes con diabetes tipo II? ¿Cuándo se abordarán profundos cambios para que nuestros hijos realicen más ejercicio físico desde primaria? Parece que queda mucho por hacer, pero las posibilidades del ejercicio físico como la nueva píldora del siglo XXI son realmente estimulantes.
Open Access
Active commuting to and from university, obesity and metabolic syndrome among Colombian university students
(BioMed Central, 2018) García Hermoso, Antonio; Quintero, Andrea P.; Hernández, Enrique; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: There is limited evidence concerning how active commuting (AC) is associated with health benefits in young. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between AC to and from campus (walking) and obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a sample of Colombian university students. Methods: A total of 784 university students (78.6% women, mean age = 20.1 ± 2.6 years old) participated in the study. The exposure variable was categorized into AC (active walker to campus) and non-AC (non/infrequent active walker to campus: car, motorcycle, or bus) to and from the university on a typical day. MetS was defined in accordance with the updated harmonized criteria of the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Results: The overall prevalence of MetS was 8.7%, and it was higher in non-AC than AC to campus. The percentage of AC was 65.3%. The commuting distances in this AC from/to university were 83.1%, 13.4% and 3.5% for < 2 km, 2-5 km and > 5 km, respectively. Multiple logistic regressions for predicting unhealthy profile showed that male walking commuters had a lower probability of having obesity [OR = 0.45 (CI 95% 0.25–0.93)], high blood pressure [OR = 0.26 (CI 95% 0.13–0.55)] and low HDL cholesterol [OR = 0.29 (CI 95% 0.14–0.59)] than did passive commuters. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in young adulthood, a key life-stage for the development of obesity and MetS, AC could be associated with and increasing of daily physical activity levels, thereby promoting better cardiometabolic health.
Open Access
Actividad física, comportamientos sedentarios y condición física en escolares latinos
(2020) Prieto Benavides, Daniel Humberto; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
La presente tesis tiene como eje fundamental estudiar la relación de la actividad física, condición física, y conductas sedentarias, en niños y adolescentes de dos cohortes de países de América del Sur (Colombia y Chile). Se ha propuesto en recientes estudios epidemiológicos, que los comportamientos sedentarismos (como tiempo de exposición a pantallas) se relaciona con el incremento de distintos factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV), que a su vez se asocian a enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) como hipertensión, dislipemia e insulinorresistencia. Adicionalmente, los comportamientos sedentarios y la baja condición física se han relacionado con un menor desempeño escolar, trastornos del sueño, problemas de interacción social e incluso con la aparición temprana de enfermedades crónicas. Por estas razones, se hace necesario evaluar esta relaciones de la condición física y las conductas sedentarias en niños y adolescentes y plantear estrategia que prevengan la aparición temprana de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Esta tesis doctoral se basa en dos estudios científicos que han sido publicados en revistas científicas internacionales. En el primer estudio, nuestro objetivo fue examinar la relación entre los niveles de actividad física (AF) de forma objetiva, la condición física (CF) y el tiempo de exposición a pantallas en niños y adolescentes de Bogotá, Colombia. El segundo estudio tuvo dos objetivos: identificar la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria (CRF) estimada por la prueba de campo del test de ida y vuelta de 20 m (20 mSRT) diferenciadas entre fenotipos 'saludables' y 'no saludables' (por medidas de composición corporal) en adolescentes; y evaluar la asociación entre la obesidad y el consumo pico de oxígeno relativo (VO2pico) en una muestra grande y diversa de jóvenes latinoamericanos.
Open Access
Acute and time-course changes in hemodynamic and physical performance parameters following single and multiple resistance training sets in cognitively impaired individuals: a randomized crossover study
(Elsevier, 2025-01-23) Fonseca, Nuno; Esteves, Dulce; Marques, Diogo Luís ; Faíl, Luís Brandão; Sousa, Tiago ; Pamplona Pinto, Mafalda ; Neiva, Henrique P.; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Marqués, Mário C.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
This study analyzed the acute and time-course changes following one resistance training (RT) set (1SET) and three sets (3SET) on hemodynamic and physical performance parameters in individuals with different cognitive impairment levels. Thirty-nine individuals (22 women and 17 men aged 80 ± 9 years) grouped by cognitive impairment (mild [MILD], moderate [MOD], and severe [SEV]) randomly performed two protocols, each separated by one week, of 1SET or 3SET of 10 repetitions. Before (PRE), immediately (POST), and 72 h after (POST72) protocols, the participants performed the following measurements: systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), 1-kg medicine ball throw (MBT) distance, five-repetition sit-to-stand (STS) time, and handgrip strength (HGS). A three-way ANOVA with repeated measures revealed no significant differences between 1SET and 3SET on SBP, DBP, HR, STS, MBT, and HGS in any group at any time (all p ¿ 0.05). SEV increased SBP and HR from PRE to POST and decreased STS time after 3SET. From POST to POST72, all groups decreased SBP after both protocols, and SEV improved STS time after 3SET and HGS following both protocols. Furthermore, from PRE to POST72, MILD decreased SBP, while SEV improved HGS following 1SET and STS time following 3SET. These findings demonstrate that single and multiple sets cause acute hemodynamic changes, with a tendency to reduce SBP within 72 h. Additionally, individuals with worse cognitive function showed greater adaptive responses over time in physical performance, with 1SET improving HGS and 3SET enhancing STS performance. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06185010
Open Access
Acute effect of high-intensity interval training on postprandial glycemia in overweight and obese individuals: a scoping review
(MDPI, 2025-04-17) Carrillo Arango, Hugo Alejandro; González, David Alejandro; Ordóñez-Mora, Leidy Tatiana; Atencio Osorio, Miguel Alejandro; Triana Reina, Héctor Reynaldo; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background/Objectives: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as an effective strategy for mitigating postprandial glycemia in overweight or obese individuals. This scoping review aims to examine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted between 2008 and 2024 that evaluated the impact of HIIT on acute postprandial glycemic response. Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was employed using terms such as “high-intensity interval training (HIIT)” and “postprandial glycemia”, combined with Boolean operators, with no restrictions on study type. Electronic databases searched included PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception through 2024. Of the 67 studies that met the inclusion criteria, five RCTs were selected for final analysis. All selected studies involved individuals with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25. Results: Each of the five included RCTs featured at least one HIIT intervention group, with variations in frequency, duration, intensity, and testing protocols. Despite differences in glucose tolerance test timelines, the glucose-loading protocol (75 g) and exercise interventions demonstrated minimal heterogeneity across studies. The findings suggest that short-term HIIT interventions may positively influence acute postprandial glycemic responses in overweight and obese populations. Conclusions: Short-term HIIT appears to be a promising intervention for improving postprandial glycemic control in individuals with elevated BMI. Future research is warranted to further elucidate both the acute and long-term effects of HIIT, particularly the role of skeletal muscle in regulating systemic glucose levels in this population.
Open Access
Acute effects of high intensity, resistance, or combined protocol on the increase of level of neurotrophic factors in physically inactive overweight adults: the brainfit study
(Frontiers Media, 2018) Domínguez Sánchez, María Andrea; Bustos Cruz, Rosa H.; Velasco Orjuela, Gina P.; Quintero, Andrea P.; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
The purpose of this study was to compare the neurotrophic factor response following one session of high-intensity exercise, resistance training or both in a cohort of physically inactive overweight adults aged 18–30 years old. A randomized, parallel-group clinical trial of 51 men (23.6 ± 3.5 years; 83.5 ± 7.8 kg; 28.0 ± 1.9 kg/m2) who are physically inactive (i.e., < 150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week or IPAQ score of <600 MET min/week for >6 months) and are either abdominally obese (waist circumference ≥90 cm) or have a body mass index, BMI ≥25 and ≤ 30 kg/m2 were randomized to the following four exercise protocols: high-intensity exercise (4 × 4 min intervals at 85–95% maximum heart rate [HRmax] interspersed with 4 min of recovery at 75–85% HRmax) (n = 14), resistance training (12–15 repetitions per set, at 50–70% of one repetition maximum with 60 s of recovery) (n = 12), combined high-intensity and resistance exercise (n = 13), or non-exercising control (n = 12). The plasma levels of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (also known as neurotrophin 4/5; NT-4 or NT-4/5), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined before (pre-exercise) and 1-min post-exercise for each protocol session. Resistance training induced significant increases in NT-3 (+39.6 ng/mL [95% CI, 2.5–76.6; p = 0.004], and NT-4/5 (+1.3 ng/mL [95% CI, 0.3–2.3; p = 0.014]), respectively. Additionally, combined training results in favorable effects on BDNF (+22.0, 95% CI, 2.6–41.5; p = 0.029) and NT-3 (+32.9 ng/mL [95% CI, 12.3–53.4; p = 0.004]), respectively. The regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between changes in BDNF levels and changes in NT-4/5 levels from baseline to immediate post-exercise in the combined training group (R2 = 0.345, p = 0.034) but not the other intervention groups. The findings indicate that acute resistance training and combined exercise increase neurotrophic factors in physically inactive overweight adults. Further studies are required to determine the biological importance of changes in neurotrophic responses in overweight men and chronic effects of these exercise protocols.
Open Access
Acute effects of high-intensity interval training session and endurance exercise on pulmonary function and cardiorespiratory coupling
(Wiley, 2020) Andrade, David C.; Arce Álvarez, Alexis; Parada, Felipe; Vásquez Muñoz, Manuel; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise and endurance exercise (EE) on pulmonary function, sympathetic/parasympathetic balance, and cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) in healthy participants. Using a crossover repeated-measurements design, four females and four males were exposed to EE (20 min at 80% maximal heart rate [HR]), HIIT (1 min of exercise at 90% maximal HR per 1 min of rest, 10 times), or control condition (resting). Pulmonary function, HR, CRC, and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed before and after the interventions. Results revealed no significant effects of EE or HIIT on pulmonary function. The EE, but not HIIT, significantly increased CRC. In contrast, HRV was markedly changed by HIIT, not by EE. Indeed, both the low-frequency (LFHRV) and high-frequency (HFHRV) components of HRV were increased and decreased, respectively, after HIIT. The increase in LFHRV was greater after HIIT than after EE. Therefore, a single bout of HIIT or EE has no effects on pulmonary function. Moreover, CRC and cardiac autonomic regulation are targeted differently by the two exercise modalities.
Open Access
Acute endocrine and force responses and long-term adaptations to same-session combined strength and endurance training in women
(National Strength and Conditioning Association, 2016) Eklund, Daniela; Schumann, Moritz; Kraemer, William J.; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Taipale, Ritva S.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
This study examined acute hormone and force responses and strength and endurance performance and muscle hypertrophy before and after 24 weeks of same-session combined strength and endurance training in previously untrained women. Subjects were assigned 1 of 2 training orders: endurance preceding strength (E + S, n = 15) or vice versa (S + E, n = 14). Acute force and hormone responses to a combined loading (continuous cycling and a leg press protocol in the assigned order) were measured. Additionally, leg press 1 repetition maximum (1RM), maximal workload during cycling (Wmax), and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were assessed. Loading-induced decreases in force were significant (p < 0.01–0.001) before (E + S = 20 ± 11%, S + E = 18 ± 5%) and after (E + S = 24 ± 6%, S + E = 22 ± 8%) training. Recovery was completed within 24 hours in both groups. The acute growth hormone (GH) response was significantly (p < 0.001) higher after S + E than E + S at both weeks 0 and 24. Testosterone was significantly (p < 0.001) elevated only after the S + E loading at week 24 but was not significantly different from E + S. Both groups significantly (p < 0.001) improved 1RM (E + S = 13 ± 12%, S + E = 16 ± 10%), Wmax (E + S = 21 ± 10%, S + E = 16 ± 12%), and CSA (E + S = 15 ± 10%, S + E = 11 ± 8%). This study showed that the acute GH response to combined endurance and strength loadings was significantly larger in S + E compared with E + S both before and after 24 weeks of same-session combined training. Strength and endurance performance and CSA increased to similar extents in both groups during 24 weeks despite differences in the kinetics of GH. Previously untrained women can improve performance and increase muscle CSA using either exercise order.
Open Access
Acute metabolic responses to sprint interval training in individuals with overweight and obesity: the EXERMET study
(2025) Carrillo Arango, Hugo Alejandro; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Alonso Martínez, Alicia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Estudio I (Capítulo I) Las pruebas científicas emergentes indican de forma consistente que el entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) es una estrategia eficaz para mitigar la glucemia posprandial en individuos con sobrepeso u obesidad. El objetivo de esta revisión de alcance fue examinar los ensayos controlados aleatorios realizados entre 2008 y 2024 que evaluaron el impacto del ejercicio de alta intensidad sobre la respuesta glucémica postprandial aguda. La estrategia de búsqueda empleó términos clave como entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) y glucemia posprandial, utilizando operadores booleanos sin restricciones de tipo de estudio. Las bases de datos consultadas incluyeron PUBMED, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Taylor & Francis y ScienceDirect. De los 67 estudios que cumplían los criterios de inclusión, se seleccionaron 5 para el análisis final. Estos estudios investigaron la glucemia postprandial y las intervenciones HIIT en individuos con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) ≥ 25. Estudio II (Capítulo II) Existen evidencias que respaldan que el entrenamiento agudo de intervalos de sprint (SIT) podría mejorar las respuestas metabólicas ante la glucosa posprandial, aunque los resultados son inconclusos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar los efectos del SIT agudo en la respuesta metabólica y la utilización de sustratos en individuos con sobrepeso/obesidad tras una carga oral de glucosa de 75 gramos. Treinta y tres participantes con sobrepeso/obesidad (32.7 ± 8.3 años, 24 hombres, 9 mujeres) participaron en el estudio siguiendo un diseño cruzado. Después de la carga de glucosa de 75 gramos, los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a dos grupos: sin ejercicio (reposo) o protocolo de SIT. Se recogieron datos metabólicos, incluyendo el cociente respiratorio (RQ) y las tasas de utilización de sustratos (grasas y carbohidratos), utilizando el calorímetro COSMED QNRG+. Estudio 3 (Capítulo III) La investigación limitada se ha llevado a cabo para investigar las variaciones en la respuesta al entrenamiento agudo de intervalos de sprint (SIT) basadas en las diferencias de sexo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar el impacto del sexo biológico en la respuesta metabólica sistémica al SIT. Se planteó la hipótesis de que las respuestas metabólicas agudas al SIT difieren entre hombres y mujeres. Adultos sedentarios con exceso de adiposidad, definida por un porcentaje de grasa corporal >30% (hombres n=15 y mujeres n=14), fueron emparejados por edad (32.8 ± 7.5 versus 29.5 ± 6.5 años) y masa grasa corporal (33.0 ± 6.9 versus 33.2 ± 6.8 %). Después de una carga de glucosa de 75 gramos, los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo sin ejercicio (reposo) o a un grupo de intervalos de sprint (SIT) (8 × 30 s de esfuerzos ciclistas 'a fondo' contra una resistencia del 5% de la masa corporal, intercalados con 1 min de recuperación). Los parámetros evaluados incluyeron el cociente respiratorio (RQ), las tasas de utilización de sustratos (grasas y carbohidratos), el gasto energético y los niveles de lactato y glucosa en sangre.
Open Access
Aerobic capacity and future cardiovascular risk in Indian community from a low-income area in Cauca, Colombia
(BioMed Central, 2017) Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Correa Bautista, Jorge Enrique; Ramos Sepúlveda, Jeison Alexander; Piñeros Álvarez, Carlos Andrés; Giraldo, Lorena Isabel; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; García Hermoso, Antonio; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Fernando; Cristi Montero, Carlos; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: Several studies indicates that children’s aerobic capacity levels are predictors of the future risk of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the proportion of subjects whose aerobic capacity is indicative of future cardiovascular risk in Indian-Nasa community from a low-income area in Cauca, Colombia. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of morphological component (height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, and body fat percent [BF%]), and the cardiorespiratory component (course-navette 20 m, shuttle run test and estimation of maximal oxygen consumption by indirect VO2max) from 576 participants (319 boys and 257 girls) aged 10 to 17.9 years, using the standardized FUPRECOL test battery. Results: We showed that the boys performed better than the girls in cardiorespiratory fitness. The proportion of subjects with an aerobic capacity indicative of future cardiovascular risk was 7.3%. By sex, 3.8% of boys and 11.7% of girls (X2 p = 0.001) displayed an unhealthy aerobic capacity in this study. Conclusion: The findings of this study that provide the first data on aerobic capacity health for Colombian Nasa Indian children and adolescents aged 10–17.9 years. Although the known loss of aerobic capacity is a serious consequence of the future risk of non-communicable diseases, the deterioration of physical fitness deserves increased attention among indigenous population.
Open Access
Anthropometric and mechanical factors determining sprint in young soccer players: a brief report
(Frontiers Media, 2024-10-24) Bustamante-Garrido, Alejandro; Aedo-Muñoz, Esteban; Brito, Ciro; Silva-Esparza, Danilo; Pérez-Contreras, Jorge; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Cerda-Kohler, Hugo; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Sprint performance is a critical factor in soccer. While previous studies have extensively explored the biomechanical, physiological, and metabolic determinants of sprinting, the impact of anthropometric variables in team sports contexts, especially soccer, remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the influence of anthropometric and mechanical variables on sprint performance in young soccer players. Fifty-eight young soccer players were evaluated in anthropometry and a 30-meter (m) sprint using radar technology. Split times in 5, 15, and 30 m were determined, in addition to the assessment of the force-velocity profile proposed by Morin and Samozino. Results: Key anthropometric variables associated with improved sprint performance included lower-limb muscle mass at distances 5 and 15 m (R2 = 0.08 and R2 = 0.09, respectively, both with small effects). Additionally, body composition, particularly a lower % body fat, was crucial across all sprint distances (ES: large). Among the mechanical variables, max power (R2 = 0.997, ES: large) and maximum velocity (R2 = 0.553, ES: large) are the mechanical variables that were most strongly associated with sprint performance over distances greater than 30 m. Soccer coaches, athletic trainers, and strength and conditioning specialists working with young athletes can apply the findings of this study to their training programming.
Open Access
Anthropometric characteristics, handgrip strength, and upper limb asymmetries in highly trained chilean shot put para-athletes
(Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía, 2023) Garcia-Carrillo, Exal; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Ramírez Campillo, Rodrigo; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Las características antropométricas, incluido el tamaño, forma y composición del cuerpo, pueden tener un impacto significativo en el rendimiento deportivo debido a su influencia en diversos factores fisiológicos y biomecánicos. Sin embargo, las investigaciones sobre las características antropométricas para-atletas de lanzamiento altamente entrenados son limitadas. El propósito de este estudio fue describir las características antropométricas, la fuerza de prensión manual y las asimetrías bilaterales de miembros superiores de paralanzadores chilenos altamente entrenados en lanzamiento de la bala. Se evaluaron las características antropométricas de cinco atletas masculinos chilenos de lanzamiento de bala (edad promedio de 38,8 ± 7,7 años), incluido el grosor de los pliegues cutáneos en seis sitios anatómicos, la circunferencia en cinco sitios y la anchura de los huesos en dos sitios. También se midieron la fuerza de prensión manual y las asimetrías bilaterales. Se encontró que la masa corporal y la altura de los atletas eran 90,5 ± 5,1 kg y 179,1 ± 8,9 cm, respectivamente. Los atletas tenían un somatotipo endo-mesomorfo (4.4-6.9-1.0) con altos niveles de masa grasa (25.7 ± 2.8 %) y masa muscular esquelética (39.1 ± 3.7 %). Se encontró además que la fuerza de prensión manual de los atletas era de 66,4 ± 6,7 kg con una asimetría bilateral de 6,5 ± 6,2 %, mostrando mayor fuerza la mano dominante. Los resultados indican que los atletas de lanzamiento de bala tienen un somatotipo caracterizado por una mayor musculatura y grasa corporal, junto con una estatura considerable. Aunque se encontró que la fuerza de agarre era alta, los atletas mostraron asimetría bilateral, lo que requiere de más investigaciones para determinar las causa e implicaciones.
Open Access
AprenDDMí -Aprende de mí. Mejora de la salud en el transcurso de la vida a través de un aprendizaje colaborativo basado en proyectos: memoria final PINNE
(2023) Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientzien Fakultatea; Alonso Martínez, Alicia; Antón Olóriz, María Milagros; Echávarri Videgain, Berta; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; López de Dicastillo Sáinz de Murieta, Olga; Villoslada Huarte, Berta
A través de una metodología de Aprendizaje Colaborativo Basada en Proyectos, y partiendo de las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cómo mejorar la salud de las personas en el transcurso de su vida? ¿Cómo promover la Actividad Física en la población infantil, adolescencia y edad adulta? los estudiantes de cinco grados de la UPNA (Medicina, Fisioterapia, Enfermería, Maestro Infantil y Maestro Primaria) diseñarán contenidos teórico-prácticos relacionados con sus asignaturas, que se compartirán, preferentemente de forma presencial, al resto de estudiantes de las asignaturas implicadas. Los estudiantes han empleado sus conocimientos previos y los nuevos, aprendidos en este curso académico, para conseguir los resultados de aprendizaje esperados. En conclusión, en base a la competencia profesional de cada equipo de trabajo, el resto se podrán beneficiar de sus aprendizajes, puedan APRENDER DE MÍ (AprenDDMÍ). El profesorado se ha formado en este tipo de metodologías y se ha coordinado para la realización conjunta de este proyecto que se ha desarrollado en los dos semestres del curso 2022-23. Los estudiantes se han agrupado en equipos con la técnica de creación de perfiles HADA (PIA2- Projet) y han empleado horas de docencia presencial para la realización de sus propuestas. Las horas empleadas en cada grado han variado, en función del tipo de asignatura y la adaptación del proyecto realizada por el profesorado. En cada clase y a través de una coevaluación, los propios estudiantes han evaluado los logros obtenidos y sus calificaciones se han contrastado con las del profesorado. No se ha considerado conveniente definir cuál ha sido la mejor propuesta en cada asignatura, puesto que el nivel alcanzado por varios equipos ha sido muy alto y sus calificaciones muy similares. El profesorado ha empleado las sesiones necesarias para poder impartir la totalidad de contenidos utilizando la metodología 'clase invertida' y cuando ha sido necesario, ha reforzado los contenidos teóricos con preguntas de comprobación del estudio previo y con las herramientas propias de aplicaciones como EdPuzzle, Kahoot y/o Mentímeter.
Open Access
Assessing basic motor competences, physical fitness, and executive function in 4-5-year-old children: a longitudinal study in a primary care setting
(BMC, 2024) Legarra Gorgoñón, Gaizka; García Alonso, Yesenia; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Alonso Martínez, Loreto; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Alonso Martínez, Alicia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: To evaluate the progression of physical fitness (PF), basic motor competence (BMC), and executive function (EF) over one year in children aged 4-5 years at a health center. Methods: In this longitudinal analysis, children's BMC was evaluated using the MOBAK KG test for object and self-movement. The PREFIT Battery gauged PF through handgrip strength, standing long jump, and other fitness measures, while the Early Years Toolbox appraised EF. Results: Adjustments for confounding factors showed notable improvements in BMC, particularly in object movement (OM; mean difference 0.789, p=0.044) and self-movement (SM; mean difference 0.842, p=0.037), with overall MOBAK scores also increasing (mean difference 1.632, p=0.018). Enhancements in the standing long jump (mean difference 9.036 cm, p=0.014) and EF tasks "Mr. Ant" (mean difference 0.669, p<0.001) and "Go/No-Go" (mean difference 0.120, p<0.001) were evident, signifying substantial BMC gains and some progress in PF and EF. Conclusion: This research underscores the positive impact of regular training on BMC and PF in young children. Significant BMC development and associated improvements in PF and EF over the study period highlight the importance of structured activities in early childhood. These findings advocate for standardized training programs to enhance childhood health and encourage active lifestyles.
Open Access
Assessing the impact of physical exercise on cognitive function in older medical patients during acute hospitalization: secondary analysis of a randomized trial
(PLoS, 2019) López Sáez de Asteasu, Mikel; Martínez Velilla, Nicolás; Zambom Ferraresi, Fabrício; Casas Herrero, Álvaro; Lusa Cadore, Eduardo; Galbete Jiménez, Arkaitz; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Background: Acute illness requiring hospitalization frequently is a sentinel event leading to long-term disability in older people. Prolonged bed rest increases the risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia in acutely hospitalized older adults. Exercise protocols applied during acute hospitalization can prevent functional decline in older patients, but exercise benefits on specific cognitive domains have not been previously investigated. We aimed to assess the effects of a multicomponent exercise intervention for cognitive function in older adults during acute hospitalization. Methods and findings: We performed a secondary analysis of a single-blind randomized clinical trial (RCT) conducted from February 1, 2015, to August 30, 2017 in an Acute Care of the Elderly (ACE) unit in a tertiary public hospital in Navarre (Spain). 370 hospitalized patients (aged ≥75 years) were randomly allocated to an exercise intervention (n = 185) or a control (n = 185) group (usual care). The intervention consisted of a multicomponent exercise training program performed during 5–7 consecutive days (2 sessions/day). The usual care group received habitual hospital care, which included physical rehabilitation when needed. The main outcomes were change in executive function from baseline to discharge, assessed with the dual-task (i.e., verbal and arithmetic) Gait Velocity Test (GVT) and the Trail Making Test Part A (TMT-A). Changes in the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) test and verbal fluency ability were also measured after the intervention period. The physical exercise program provided significant benefits over usual care. At discharge, the exercise group showed a mean increase of 0.1 m/s (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07, 0.13; p < 0.001) in the verbal GVT and 0.1 m/s (95% CI, 0.08, 0.13; p < 0.001) in the arithmetic GVT over usual care group. There was an apparent improvement in the intervention group also in the TMT-A score (−31.1 seconds; 95% CI, −49.5, −12.7 versus −3.13 seconds; 95% CI, −16.3, 10.2 in the control group; p < 0.001) and the MMSE score (2.10 points; 95% CI, 1.75, 2.46 versus 0.27 points; 95% CI, −0.08, 0.63; p < 0.001). Significant benefits were also observed in the exercise group for the verbal fluency test (mean 2.16 words; 95% CI, 1.56, 2.74; p < 0.001) over the usual care group. The main limitations of the study were patients’ difficulty in completing all the tasks at both hospital admission and discharge (e.g., 25% of older patients were unable to complete the arithmetic GVT, and 47% could not complete the TMT-A), and only old patients with relatively good functional capacity at preadmission (i.e., Barthel Index score ≥60 points) were included in the study. Conclusions: An individualized, multicomponent exercise training program may be an effective therapy for improving cognitive function (i.e., executive function and verbal fluency domains) in very old patients during acute hospitalization. These findings support the need for a shift from the traditional (bedrest-based) hospitalization to one that recognizes the important role of maintaining functional capacity and cognitive function in older adults, key components of intrinsic capacity.
Open Access
Association of cardiorespiratory fitness levels during youth with health risk later in life: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
(American Medical Association, 2020-08-31) García Hermoso, Antonio; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; García Alonso, Yesenia; Alonso Martínez, Alicia; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Importance Although the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and health in adults are well understood, to date, no systematic review has quantitatively examined the association between CRF during youth and health parameters later in life. Objectives To examine the prospective association between CRF in childhood and adolescence and future health status and to assess whether changes in CRF are associated with future health status at least 1 year later. Data Sources For this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Embase, and SPORTDiscus electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published from database inception to January 30, 2020. Study Selection The following inclusion criteria were used: CRF measured using a validated test and assessed at baseline and/or its change from baseline to the end of follow-up, healthy population with a mean age of 3 to 18 years at baseline, and prospective cohort design with a follow-up period of at least 1 year. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were processed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled effect size. Main Outcomes and Measures Anthropometric and adiposity measurements and cardiometabolic health parameters. Results Fifty-five studies were included with a total of 37 563 youths (46% female). Weak-moderate associations were found between CRF at baseline and body mass index (r = –0.11; 95% CI, –0.18 to –0.04; I2 = 59.03), waist circumference (r = –0.29; 95% CI, –0.42 to –0.14; I2 = 69.42), skinfold thickness (r = –0.34; 95% CI, –0.41 to –0.26; I2 = 83.87), obesity (r = –0.15; 95% CI, –0.23 to –0.06; I2 = 86.75), total cholesterol level (r = –0.12; 95% CI, –0.19 to –0.05; I2 = 75.81), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level (r = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.05-0.18; I2 = 69.06), total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio (r = –0.19; 95% CI, –0.26 to –0.13; I2 = 67.07), triglyceride levels (r = –0.10; 95% CI, –0.18 to –0.02; I2 = 73.43), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (r = –0.12; 95% CI, –0.18 to –0.06; I2 = 68.26), fasting insulin level (r = –0.07; 95% CI, –0.11 to –0.03; I2 = 0), and cardiometabolic risk (r = –0.18; 95% CI, –0.29 to –0.07; I2 = 90.61) at follow-up. Meta-regression analyses found that early associations in waist circumference (β = 0.014; 95% CI, 0.002-0.026), skinfold thickness (β = 0.006; 95% CI, 0.002-0.011), HDL-C level (β = −0.006; 95% CI, −0.011 to −0.001), triglyceride levels (β = 0.009; 95% CI, 0.004-0.014), and cardiometabolic risk (β = 0.007; 95% CI, 0.003-0.011) from baseline to follow-up dissipated over time. Weak-moderate associations were found between change in CRF and body mass index (r = –0.17; 95% CI, –0.24 to –0.11; I2 = 39.65), skinfold thickness (r = –0.36; 95% CI, –0.58 to –0.09; I2 = 96.84), obesity (r = –0.21; 95% CI, –0.35 to –0.06; I2 = 91.08), HDL-C level (r = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02-0.08; I2 = 0), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (r = –0.06; 95% CI, –0.11 to –0.01; I2 = 58.94), and cardiometabolic risk (r = –0.08; 95% CI, –0.15 to –0.02; I2 = 69.53) later in life. Conclusions and Relevance This study suggests that early intervention and prevention strategies that target youth CRF may be associated with maintaining health parameters in later life.
Open Access
Association of intrinsic capacity with incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease: prospective study in UK Biobank
(Wiley, 2023) Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Iriarte-Fernández, María; Santafé Rodrigo, Guzmán; Malanda Trigueros, Armando; Beard, John R.; García Hermoso, Antonio; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Osasun Zientziak; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Background: The World Health Organization proposed the concept of intrinsic capacity (IC; the composite of all the physical and mental capacities of the individual) as central for healthy ageing. However, little research has investigated the interaction and joint associations of IC with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and CVD mortality in middle- and older-aged adults. Methods: Using data from 443 130 UK Biobank participants, we analysed seven biomarkers capturing the level of functioning of five domains of IC to calculate a total IC score (ranging from 0 [better IC] to +4 points [poor IC]). Associations between IC score and incidence of six long-term CVD conditions (hypertension, stroke/transient ischaemic attack stroke, peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation/flutter, coronary artery disease and heart failure), and grouped mortality from these conditions were estimated using Cox proportional models, with a 1-year landmark analysis to triangulate the findings. Results: Over 10.6 years of follow-up, CVD morbidity grouped (n = 384 380 participants for the final analytic sample) was associated with IC scores (0 to +4): mean hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval, CI] 1.11 [1.08–1.14], 1.20 [1.16–1.24], 1.29 [1.23–1.36] and 1.56 [1.45–1.59] in men (C-index = 0.68), and 1.17 [1.13–1.20], 1.30 [1.26–1.36], 1.52 [1.45–1.59] and 1.78 [1.67–1.89] in women (C-index = 0.70). In regard to mortality, our results indicated that the higher IC score (+4 points) was associated with a significant increase in subsequent CVD mortality (mean HR [95% CI]: 2.10 [1.81–2.43] in men [C-index = 0.75] and 2.29 [1.85–2.84] in women [C-index = 0.78]). Results of all sensitivity analyses by full sample, sex and age categories were largely consistent independent of major confounding factors (P < 0.001). Conclusions: IC deficit score is a powerful predictor of functional trajectories and vulnerabilities of the individual in relation to CVD incidence and premature death. Monitoring an individual's IC score may provide an early-warning system to initiate preventive efforts.
Open Access
Association of intrinsic capacity with respiratory disease mortality
(Elsevier, 2023) Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Iriarte-Fernández, María; Santafé Rodrigo, Guzmán; Malanda Trigueros, Armando; Beard, John R.; García Hermoso, Antonio; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Osasun Zientziak; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced a framework for healthy aging in 2015 that emphasizes functional ability instead of absence of disease. Healthy ageing is defined as “the process of building and maintaining the functional ability that enables well-being”. This framework considers an individual’s intrinsic capacity (IC), environment, and the interaction between them to determine functional ability. In this prospective cohort study, we investigated the link between mortality and various respiratory diseases in almost half a million adults who are part of the UK Biobank. We derived an IC score using measures from 4 of the 5 domains: two for psychological capacity, two for sensory capacity, two for vitality and one for locomotor capacity. The exposure variable in the study was the number of reported factors, which was summed and categorized into IC scores of zero, one, two, three, or at least four. The outcome was respiratory disease-related mortality, which was linked to national mortality records. The follow-up period started from participants’ inclusion in the UK Biobank study (2006–2010) and ended on December 31, 2021, or the participant’s death was censored. The average follow-up was 10.6 years (IQR 10.0; 11.3). During a median follow-up period of 10.6 years, 27,251 deaths were recorded. Out of these, 7.5% (2059) were primarily attributed to respiratory disease. The results showed that a higher IC score (+4 points) was associated with a significantly increased risk of respiratory disease mortality, with HRs of 3.34 [2.64 to 4.23] for men (C-index = 0.83) and 3.87 [2.86 to 5.23] for women (C-index = 0.84), independent of major confounding factors (P < 0.001). Our study provides evidence that lower levels of the WHO’s IC construct are associated with increased risk of mortality and various adverse health outcomes. The IC construct, which is easily and inexpensively measured, holds great promise for transforming geriatric care worldwide, including in regions without established geriatric medicine.
Open Access
Association of physical activity patterns with nocturnal hypoglycemia events in youth with type 1 diabetes
(Oxford University Press, 2024-07-02) Hormazábal Aguayo, Ignacio; Huerta Uribe, Nidia; Muñoz Pardeza, Jacinto; Ezzatvar, Yasmin; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; García Hermoso, Antonio; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Aims This study sought to elucidate the interactions among physical activity (PA) patterns, mean glucose concentrations, and the incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia events in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, examining the moderating influence of daily dosage on these associations.Methods Eighty-two participants aged 6 to 18 years (43.9% girls) from the Diactive-1 Cohort Study, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, were included. Data collection involved continuous glucose monitoring, accelerometry to assess real-world PA, as well as documentation of daily insulin doses and carbohydrate counting over the same 7 days.Results A total of 19 participants experienced at least 1 nocturnal hypoglycemia event over a span of 574 measurement days (106 days with and 451 days without nocturnal hypoglycemia). Higher levels of vigorous PA (VPA) were associated with lower same-day mean glucose levels (P = .014). Additionally, higher levels of moderate PA (P = .023), VPA (P = .011), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (P = .010) were associated with a greater number of nocturnal hypoglycemia events. Specifically, a significant association was identified between VPA and nocturnal hypoglycemia events when the daily insulin dose was at or above 1.04 units per kilogram of body weight per day (P = .016).Conclusion Daily VPA is associated with glucose reductions, potentially leading to more hypoglycemic episodes, particularly when there is an excess of daily insulin. This highlights the need for careful insulin management in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes engaging in VPA.
Open Access
Association of physical education with improvement of health-related physical fitness outcomes and fundamental motor skills among youths: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(American Medical Association (AMA), 2020-08-31) García Hermoso, Antonio; Alonso Martínez, Alicia; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Pérez Sousa, Miguel A.; Ramírez Campillo, Rodrigo; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 55 studies that included 37 563 youths revealed that cardiorespiratory fitness levels and change over approximately 1 year during youth were associated with lower risk of developing obesity and cardiometabolic disease later in life. These early associations detected from baseline to follow-up dissipated over time. The study suggests that prevention strategies that target youth cardiorespiratory fitness may be associated with improved health parameters in later life.