Open Access
W-band filtering antenna based on a slot array and stacked coupled resonators using gap waveguide technology
(IEEE, 2024) Santiago Arriazu, David; Fang, Mu; Zaman, Ashraf Uz; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
This letter proposes a new design approach for filtering antennas. The novel matching reflection coefficient based method allows the integration of filters and antennas without compromising the frequency behavior of either of these components. Moreover, this integration is done avoiding the need of lengthy optimization processes and provides a high degree of flexibility in the types of antennas that can be used. In order to validate it, two examples are provided. In both cases, a 4 th -order Chebyshev bandpass filter at 101.5 GHz implemented in stacked groove gap waveguide (GGW) configuration is used, firstly along with a single aperture antenna and, subsequently, with a slotted ridge gap waveguide (RGW) array. This second example has been manufactured to demonstrate the usefulness of the new design methodology. Excellent measured performance has been obtained for a filtering antenna at W-band for the first time.
Open Access
The Canfranc Axion Detection Experiment (CADEx): search for axions at 90 GHz with Kinetic Inductance Detectors
(IOP Publishing, 2022) Aja, Beatriz; Arguedas Cuendis, Sergio; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Artal, Eduardo; Barreiro, R. Belén; Casas, Francisco J.; Ory, Marina C. de; Díaz-Morcillo, Alejandro; Fuente, Luisa de la; Gallego, Juan Daniel; García-Barceló, José María; Gimeno, Benito; Gómez, Alicia; Granados, Daniel; Kavanagh, Bradley J.; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Lozano-Guerrero, Antonio José; Magaz, María T.; Martín-Pintado, Jesús; Martínez-González, Enrique; Miralda-Escudé, Jordi; Monzó-Cabrera, Juan; Najarro de la Parra, Francisco; Navarro-Madrid, José R.; Núñez Chico, Ana B.; Pascual, Juan Pablo; Pelegrin, Jorge; Peña Garay, Carlos; Rodríguez, David; Socuéllamos, Juan M.; Teberio Berdún, Fernando; Teniente Vallinas, Jorge; Vielva, Patricio; Vila, Iván; Vilar, Rocío; Villa, Enrique; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
We propose a novel experiment, the Canfranc Axion Detection Experiment (CADEx), to probe dark matter axions with masses in the range 330–460 μeV, within the W-band (80–110 GHz), an unexplored parameter space in the well-motivated dark matter window of Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD) axions. The experimental design consists of a microwave resonant cavity haloscope in a high static magnetic field coupled to a highly sensitive detecting system based on Kinetic Inductance Detectors via optimized quasi-optics (horns and mirrors). The experiment is in preparation and will be installed in the dilution refrigerator of the Canfranc Underground Laboratory. Sensitivity forecasts for axion detection with CADEx, together with the potential of the experiment to search for dark photons, are presented.
Open Access
Diseño de filtro en guía de onda en banda W mediante guía multicapa con simetría glide
(URSI, 2023) García-Martínez, Sergio; Santiago Arriazu, David; Tamayo-Domínguez, Adrián; Sánchez-Olivares, Pablo; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Fernández González, J. M.; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
Este artículo presenta el diseño e implementación de un filtro paso banda de cuarto orden en tecnología de guía de onda multicapa a 100 GHz. Para evitar fugas de campo en las paredes de la guía y permitir la implementación del filtro en múltiples capas sin necesidad de contacto eléctrico, se ha utilizado una estructura periódica con agujeros y simetría de deslizamiento, con agujeros circulares, como una estructura de banda prohibida electromagnética (EBG). Se presenta un filtro robusto y compacto, capaz de mantener una buena respuesta en la banda para un amplio rango de entrehierro entre capas. Este enfoque permite la implementación de la estructura compleja del filtro en bandas milimétricas, ofreciendo alta precisión y facilidad de fabricación.
Open Access
Producing and exploiting simultaneously the forward and backward coupling in EBG-assisted microstrip coupled lines
(IEEE, 2016) Percaz Ciriza, Jon Mikel; Chudzik, Magdalena; Arnedo Gil, Israel; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Teberio Berdún, Fernando; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this paper, a methodology is proposed for the design of EBG-assisted coupled line structures in microstrip technology, controlling independently the forward and backward coupling. It is based on the use of a single-frequency-tuned electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure to produce a single backward-coupled frequency band, in combination with the forward-coupled frequency bands produced by the difference between the even and odd mode propagation constants present in microstrip technology. Thus, the central frequency of the backward-coupled band is controlled by the period of the EBG structure, while the frequencies of the forward coupled bands are fixed by the length of the device. The rest of the frequencies go to the direct port giving rise to a device with the input port matched at all the frequencies and where the coupled bands are easily controllable by adjusting the corresponding design parameter. The novel methodology proposed has been successfully demonstrated by designing a triplexer intended for the GSM (900 MHz) and WLAN (2.4 GHz and 5.5 GHz) telecommunication bands.
Open Access
Synthesis of one dimensional electromagnetic bandgap structures with fully controlled parameters
(IEEE, 2017) Arnedo Gil, Israel; Chudzik, Magdalena; Percaz Ciriza, Jon Mikel; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Teberio Berdún, Fernando; Benito Pertusa, David; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this paper, we propose a novel synthesis strategy for the design of one dimensional electromagnetic bandgap (1- D-EBG) structures where all the performance parameters of these devices can fully be controlled, i.e., the central frequency of the forbidden band, its attenuation level and bandwidth, and the ripple level at the passbands. The novel synthesis strategy employs a new inverse-scattering technique to accurately synthesize the 1-D-EBG structure, targeting a properly interpolated version of a classical periodic filter fulfilling the required frequency specifications. The new inverse-scattering technique follows a continuous layer peeling approach and relies on the coupled-mode theory to precisely model the microwave structures. Telecommunication and radar systems, as well as material characterization devices, will be profited by this proposal with which enhanced filters, sensors, power dividers, couplers, mixers, oscillators, and amplifiers can be designed in many different technologies. As a proof of concept, a 1-D-EBG structure in microstrip technology with a single forbidden band (free of spurious stopband replicas), with attenuation level of 30 dB, fractional bandwidth larger than 100%, and return loss level at the passbands of 20 dB, has been designed and fabricated. The measurements obtained are in very good agreement with the simulations and target specifications, being free of spurious replicas up to the 15th harmonic, showing the robustness and very good performance of the novel design strategy proposed.
Open Access
Filtro de cavidades apiladas en tecnología CLAF-SIW para ondas milimétricas
(Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 2024) Segura-Gómez, Cleofás; Biedma-Pérez, Andrés; Santiago Arriazu, David; Palomares-Caballero, Ángel; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Padilla, Pablo; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
Este trabajo presenta la validación de la tecnología CLAF-SIW para la fabricación de filtros en el rango de frecuencias de ondas milimétricas. El filtro estudiado es un filtro paso banda compuesto por cuatro cavidades apiladas y acopladas mediante iris (se utilizan cinco iris en total). Cada capa está compuesta por una placa de circuito impreso (PCB) de espesor comercial. Las capas de iris se prototipan metalizando los bordes de las ranuras, mientras que las capas de cavidad contienen la estructura CLAF-SIW utilizando setas dobles como estructura EBG. El filtro se obtiene inmediatamente simplemente adaptando el ancho efectivo de la cavidad CLAF-SIW a la cavidad de referencia, para la cual se han estudiado los efectos que afectan a este valor efectivo. Se ha fabricado un prototipo con buena concordancia entre la medición, la simulación y la respuesta ideal del filtro de cavidad para una banda de paso de 36 a 37,5 GHz. Las pequeñas discrepancias se deben a las diferencias en la separación real entre los laminados y las tolerancias de fabricación.
Open Access
Gap waveguide topology with reduced height pins for millimeter-wave components
(URSI Publications, 2022) Santiago Arriazu, David; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
A new topology for groove gap waveguide (GGW) technology is proposed to ease its manufacturing process by computer numerical control (CNC) milling. GGW technology consists of two metal plates, where one of them presents a λ/4 height pin bed that avoids contact with the other plate, making it an ideal alternative to other waveguides for millimeterwave applications. However, the manufacture of the pins by CNC milling may be troublesome due to the large pin height required. A GGW with reduced height pins will be proposed, maintaining the standard dimensions of the equivalent rectangular waveguide ports and the operation bandwidth. The performance of this new topology will be compared with other proposals by means of simulations and measurements, and a bandpass filter will be also implemented and manufactured in this technology to validate its usefulness.
Open Access
Diseño de filtros en tecnología de línea coaxial sin dieléctricos mediante impresión 3D
(Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, 2024) Pons Abenza, Alejandro; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Álvarez Botero, Germán Andrés; Martín Iglesias, Petronilo; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
This article presents the design and manufacturing of a fully metallic X-band bandpass filter in coaxial-line technology. The device is 3D-printed as a self-supported structure without any dielectric inside. A short-circuit λ/4 parallel stub bandpass filter provides the required mechanical support for the self-supported 3D-printing process. To enhance filter out-of-band performance, a second stage consisting of a stepped-impedance low-pass filter is integrated, also using coaxial-line technology. Both filters are designed separately and then combined to achieve desired frequency specifications. A prototype with a passband at X-band (between 8 and 12 GHz) is manufactured using Selective Laser Melting, showing excellent agreement between simulations and measurements. This approach promises highly integrated, multifunctional monoblock coaxial filters with additional benefits such as increased RF shielding and protection against electrostatic discharge.
Open Access
Synthesis of rectangular waveguide filters with smooth profile oriented to direct metal additive manufacturing
(IEEE, 2023) Percaz Ciriza, Jon Mikel; Hussain, Jabir; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Teberio Berdún, Fernando; Benito Pertusa, David; Martín Iglesias, Petronilo; Arnedo Gil, Israel; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
In this paper, a novel design method for rectangular waveguide filters intended for fabrication using direct metal additive manufacturing is proposed. The synthesized filters will feature a smooth profile that allows us to fabricate them orienting the filter propagation axis in the vertical building direction, achieving an optimum configuration for direct metal additive manufacturing fabrication. The novel design method is valid for any all-pole transfer function, which is initially implemented with a commensurate-line distributed unit element prototype. The impulse response of that initial prototype is then properly interpolated to obtain the target response for a smooth-profiled filter with similar length and profile excursion. Finally, the target impulse response just generated is implemented in rectangular waveguide technology employing a novel inverse scattering synthesis technique that relies on the coupled-mode theory to model the electromagnetic behavior of the waveguide filter. The novel inverse scattering synthesis technique is general and also valid for the case of filters with very high rejection levels, which is of great relevance in rectangular waveguide technology. A Ku-band low-pass filter with stringent satellite specifications is designed using the proposed method, fabricated by means of a direct metal additive manufacturing technique, and measured with a vector network analyzer. A very good agreement is achieved between the simulated and measured results, fulfilling the required specifications and demonstrating the feasibility and performance of the novel design method.
Open Access
Improvement of corona breakdown threshold (peak power handling) in smooth-profiled microstrip filters
(2022) Ahmad, Jamil; Hussain, Jabir; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Martín Iglesias, Petronilo; Arnedo Gil, Israel; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
In this paper, the PPHCs of two filter design techniques, stepped-impedance (SI) and smooth-profile (SP), are presented for four design prototypes. Smooth-profiled filters feature smooth variations in the characteristic impedance profile, avoiding sharp edges, which accumulate electric fields. The absence of sharp edges in SP reduces the voltage magnification factor, which in turn improves the PPHC of the filter. The phenomenon of electric fields accumulation at the sharp corners of the SI filters is presented and compared with smooth transitions in SP filters. Furthermore, 1D graphs of electric field intensity are presented along the strip contour of the microstrip lines. Finally, SPARK3D results clearly demonstrate that SP filters can handle higher peak powers than their SI counterparts between critical pressure and ambient pressure, for all the studied designs.