Open Access
Psychosocial adjustment of in-home caregivers of family members with dementia and Parkinson's disease: a comparative study
(Hindawi, 2020) Lopes Dos Santos, María Cristina; Navarta Sánchez, María Victoria; Moler Cuiral, José Antonio; García Lautre, Ignacio; Anaut Bravo, Sagrario; Portillo Vega, María Carmen; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and dementia are highly prevalent worldwide. People who suffer from these disorders often receive in-home care and assistance from family members, who must dedicate a considerable amount of time to the care recipient. The study of family caregivers' psychosocial adjustment to the degenerative processes of both conditions is of interest due to the implications for the quality of life of both the care receiver and the caregiver, as well as other family members. This study compares the psychosocial adjustment of family members who care for people with dementia and Parkinson's disease and identifies the main sociodemographic variables that affect the processes of adjustment to both conditions. To this end, the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS-SR) and a sociodemographic form were administered to 157 family caregivers in Navarre, Spain. The results show that adjustment to the disease in family caregivers of people with Parkinson's disease and dementia is, in general, satisfactory and related to variables such as place of residence, income, and employment status. The illness itself (Parkinson's or dementia), however, is found to be the most influential variable in the level of psychosocial adjustment.
Open Access
Integrated psycho-socio-educational programmes for women victims of gender-based violence
(MDPI, 2024) Lopes Dos Santos, María Cristina; Anaut Bravo, Sagrario; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Although women victims of gender-based violence suffer health and self-care issues, there is still a lack of coordinated integrated support programmes aimed at mitigating the socio-health impact of gender-based violence on women that are suitably adapted to new social contexts. Given the importance of analysing the effectiveness of integrated psycho-socio-educational interventions and self-care programmes, this study reviews the interventions and programmes implemented in Spain, focusing specifically on their implementation and impact in the autonomous region of Navarra. The data reviewed were extracted from official publications and websites pertaining to the 17 Spanish autonomous regions and the corresponding Spanish government ministries. Additionally, 18 reports on psycho-socio-educational interventions (n = 63) for the whole of Spain centring on integrated support for self-care were analysed. In the case of the autonomous region of Navarra, four psychosocio- educational intervention programmes (n = 4) involving self-care were analysed. The analysis found that there are a number of diverse integrated psycho-socio-educational programmes focusing on self-care that provide support and interventions. The results indicate that the women who benefit from the services, especially those relating to self-care (self-esteem, healthcare, personal image, and health), report improvements in their general wellbeing.
Open Access
Territorial and gender differences in the home care of family members with dementia
(MDPI, 2022) Anaut Bravo, Sagrario; Lopes Dos Santos, María Cristina; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana
The increasing prevalence of dementia is threatening the capacity of health and social service systems to provide long-term care support at the territorial level. In both rural and urban areas, specific family members (gendered care) are responsible for the daily care of their relatives. The aim of this work is to explore gender and territorial implications in the provision of in-home care by family members. To this end, family caregivers in Navarre, Spain, were administered the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS-SR) and a semi-structured interview. The results show the good psychosocial adjustment of caregivers of relatives with dementia but the negative impacts of caregiving in the domestic, relational, and psychological domains. Moreover, the feminization of psychological distress was found to predominate in rural areas since mainly women are responsible for instrumental and care tasks, while men seek other complementary forms of support. Place of residence (rural vs. urban) was found to exert a strong effect on the respondents’ conception, life experience, and provision of care. Consequently, territorial and gender differences in coping with and adjusting to care require the design of contextualized actions adapted to caregivers’ needs.
Open Access
Cómo enseñar la práctica de trabajo social: objeto y principios
(Dykinson, 2022) Lopes Dos Santos, María Cristina; Anaut Bravo, Sagrario; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS
La llegada del Trabajo Social al ámbito universitario ha supuesto un nuevo paradigma disciplinario que ha conllevado un status de la profesión reconocida como valor académico de 'rango superior'. Una cuestión que permite adoptar un papel social y comunitario basado en una formación metodológica, científica y desarrollada en el escenario universitario. Apenas han acontecido unas décadas desde este nuevo albor de la profesión, enfrentada a una sociedad cambiante y exigente.
Open Access
Definiendo el marco conceptual de referencia
(Sociedad Navarra de Geriatría y Gerontología, 2020) Lopes Dos Santos, María Cristina; Anaut Bravo, Sagrario; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana
El Trabajo Social, desde sus inicios y hasta la actualidad, ha desarrollado una progresiva especialización práctica, no así académica, contribuyendo a la adquisición de diversos conocimientos en la atención a la ciudadanía. Esta tendencia ha permitido que el Trabajo Social se oriente a la intervención con personas, grupos y comunidades, así como a colectivos específicos (menores, migrantes, mujeres, personas con discapacidad, etc.). En su devenir histórico y disciplinar, se han ido incorporando metodologías, modelos y procedimientos, de acuerdo a las diferentes actuaciones profesionales, a la vez que se iba construyendo como disciplina. Sin embargo, al Trabajo Social se le reconoce socialmente como profesión orientada a la intervención con un colectivo determinado y no como una profesión con especialidades. En el ámbito de las personas mayores, el Trabajo Social sigue siendo una profesión no especializada; continúa presentándose como “trabajar con…”. Es objeto del presente artículo, plantear una definición de este marco conceptual de referencia y proponer una necesaria y determinada nomenclatura para esta actuación técnica.
Open Access
El impacto del entorno residencial en la adaptación psicosocial y calidad de vida de personas cuidadoras de familiares con demencia
(Universidad de Alicante, 2020) Anaut Bravo, Sagrario; Lopes Dos Santos, María Cristina; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana
La evolución sociodemográfica y su incidencia en los cuidados de larga duración en patologías emergentes como la demencia demandan respuestas desde los diferentes sistemas de protección social. La presente investigación se ha centrado en determinar los impactos derivados del lugar de residencia en la adaptación psicosocial y calidad de vida de familiares cuidadores de personas con demencia. Los resultados confirman diferencias entre entornos urbanos y rurales-semirurales, aunque haya, como dato general, una buena calidad de vida y adaptación de las personas cuidadoras de familiares con demencia. Todo apunta a la necesidad de promover intervenciones sociosanitarias alineadas con los espacios contextuales.