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Zalakain Iriazabal, Iñaki

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Zalakain Iriazabal

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Iñaki

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Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales

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0000-0002-5487-8746

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810483

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  • Thumbnail Image
    PublicationOpen Access
    Characterization of two iron bullets from the royal ammunition factory of Eugi (Spain)
    (Technical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 2018) Zalakain Iriazabal, Iñaki; Berlanga Labari, Carlos; Álvarez Vega, Lucas; Rivero Fuente, Pedro J.; Valencia Monreal, Javier; Rodríguez Trías, Rafael; Mekanika, Energetika eta Materialen Ingeniaritza; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales
    In this work, a comparative analysis of two iron bullets found in The Royal Ammunition Factory of Eugi in Navarra (Spain) was performed. Both bullets presented a spherical shape with a relatively good state of preservation, belonging to the last years of the factory production (1766-1850). Several techniques such as microhardness, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical mission spectroscopy (OES) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis were used in order to identify the manufacturing process of the two bullets. The analyses of the microstructures carried out by LM and SEM showed that one bullet was composed of white cast iron with a pearlitic matrix, steadite and graphite; while the other was composed of grey cast iron with a pearlitic matrix, graphite and a low amount of steadite. The chemical analysis of the bullets carried out by OES indicated significant differences in the amount of silicon and phosphorous. The variation in silicon content could suggest that the foundry temperature under oxidizing environment varied during the casting. The SEM and EDX analyses showed both bullets had manganese sulphide inclusions but only one of the bullets exhibited titanium and vanadium inclusions. The microhardness analyses carried out revealed Vickers hardness differences along the diameter. This variation could be explained by the differences in cooling rate along the diameter. Based on the physical characteristics of the bullets and on the obtained results, it can be concluded that one of the bullets could have been used as a grapeshot projectile and the other one as a bullet for ribauldequins. In addition, calcined ore and slag found in this factory were also analysed. The variation found in their chemical composition corroborated that the foundry temperature employed during the manufacturing process was low, the slag being enriched in Si, Al and Mn elements.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Electric field alignment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes through curing of an epoxy matrix
    (Nanofun-Poly European Network of Excellence, 2012) Ramos, José A.; Esposito, Leandro; Kortaberria, Galder; Fernández-d'Arlas Bidegáin, Borja; Zalakain Iriazabal, Iñaki; Goyanes, Silvia; Mondragón, Iñaki; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2
    The electrical alignment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in an epoxy resin was studied through curing using electrical measurements and optical microscopy. The epoxy system was composed by diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A and 4,4’-methylene bis-(3-chloro 2,6-diethylaniline). Long multi-walled carbon nanotubes were ultrasonically mixed with epoxy resin to form a 0.01 wt% MWCNT mixture. Samples were cured with alternating current electric fields applying different AC voltages. The electrical conductivity of the composite increased upon applied voltage as higher alignment of carbon nanotubes was achieved. The enhanced alignment was visualized by optical microscopy. Improvements in capacitance behaviour were also achieved with the highest value of current field.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Corrosion and tribological performance of diamond-like carbon-coated ZK 60 magnesium alloy
    (MDPI, 2023) Claver Alba, Adrián; Fernández, Iván; Santiago, José A.; Díaz-Rodríguez, Pablo; Panizo-Laiz, Miguel; Esparza Gorráiz, Joseba; Palacio, José F.; García Fuentes, Gonzalo; Zalakain Iriazabal, Iñaki; García Lorente, José Antonio; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2
    In this work, hydrogenated and hydrogen-free Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) coatings were deposited into ZK60 magnesium alloy using the promising coating method High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS). CrC and WC were used as interlayers of the thin films, and their influence was studied. The structure and composition of the coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman spectroscopy. Tribological tests, scratch tests, and nanoindentation were performed to obtain information about the mechanical and tribological properties of the coatings. Finally, immersion and electrochemical tests were performed to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the samples. The results showed a homogeneous layer with improved wear resistance, toughness, and hardness in addition to good adhesion to the substrate of the ZK60 magnesium alloy. The hydrogenated DLC coating showed better results that the hydrogen-free thin layer, and relevant differences were observed depending on the interlayer. In this work, the improvement in the tribological and corrosive properties of Mg alloys was studied by using thin layers of DLC and different intermediate layers, achieving similar or even better wear and adhesion values than with thicker layers.