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Herrera Álvarez, Ximena

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https://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/49239

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Herrera Álvarez

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Ximena

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Ciencias

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0000-0001-9493-0038

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751368

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811892

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2015 - 201912020 - 20246
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Invertebrate community of Scots pine coarse woody debris in the Southwestern Pyrenees under different thinning intensities and tree species
    (MDPI, 2021) Herrera Álvarez, Ximena; Blanco Vaca, Juan Antonio; Imbert Rodríguez, Bosco; Álvarez, Willin; Rivadeneira Barba, Gabriela; Zientziak; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB; Ciencias
    Background and Objectives: The forest in the Southwestern Pyrenees Mountains (Northern Spain) is mainly composed of pure Pinus sylvestris L. or a mix of P. sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica L. The most common forest management technique to harvest pine is the application of forest thinning with different intensities. It promotes a change in the forest composition and structure. Taking into consideration this region as a site specific research about this topic, we aimed to understand the CWD invertebrate composition response to different thinning intensities and canopy type of these tree species. Materials and Methods: CWD samples were collected belonging to intermediate and advanced decay classes, approximately 10 cm long and 5 cm in diameter. Using a design of three thinning intensities (0%, 20%, and 40% of basal area removed), with three replications per treatment (nine plots in total), four samples were taken per plot (two per canopy type) to reach 36 samples in total. Meso- and macrofauna were extracted from CWD samples with Berlese– Tullgren funnels, and individuals were counted and identified. Results: Most of the taxonomic groups belonged to mesofauna, mainly to Acari and Collembola orders. On the other hand, the macrofauna represented a minimum percentage of the community composition. Our results indicated that although thinning intensities did not significantly affect the invertebrate community, canopy type and CWD water content influenced significantly. It is imperative to consider in forest management the responses of canopy type and thinning intensities in CWD water content, this disturbance could also slow down the organic matter decomposition process in the soil, thus affecting in the long term the natural cycle of nutrients.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Coarse woody debris' invertebrate community is affected directly by canopy type and indirectly by thinning in mixed scots pine-European beech forests
    (MDPI, 2020) Herrera Álvarez, Ximena; Blanco Vaca, Juan Antonio; Imbert Rodríguez, Bosco; Álvarez, Willin; Rivadeneira Barba, Gabriela; Zientziak; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB; Ciencias
    Research Highlights: Thinning and tree species alter the forest floor microclimate by modifying canopy cover, radiation, wind, and humidity. Thus, forest management can directly influence the edaphic mesofauna responsible for decomposing coarse woody debris (CWD). Background and Objectives: This research was carried out in the Southwestern Pyrenees Mountains (Northern Spain) and aimed to determine the influence of forest thinning and canopy type (pure Pinus sylvestris L. or a mix of P. sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica L.) on CWD colonization by edaphic fauna. Materials and Methods: CWD samples were collected belonging to intermediate and advanced decomposition stages, approximately 10 cm long and 5 cm in diameter. Using a design of three thinning intensities (0%, 20%, and 40% of basal area removed), with three replications per treatment (nine plots in total), four samples were taken per plot (two per canopy type) to reach 36 samples in total. Meso- and macrofauna were extracted from CWD samples with Berlese-Tullgren funnels, and individuals were counted and identified. Results: 19 taxonomic groups were recorded, the most abundant being the mesofauna (mites and Collembola). Mixed canopy type had a significant positive influence on richness, whereas advanced decay class had a positive significant influence on total abundance and richness. In addition, there were non-significant decreasing trends in richness and abundance with increasing thinning intensity. However, interactions among thinning intensity, canopy type, and decay class significantly affected mesofauna. Furthermore, some taxonomic groups showed differential responses to canopy type. CWD water content was positively correlated with total invertebrate abundance and some taxonomic groups. Our results suggest that stand composition has the potential to directly affect invertebrate communities in CWD, whereas stand density influence is indirect and mostly realized through changes in CWD moisture. As mesofauna is related to CWD decomposition rates, these effects should be accounted for when planning forest management transition from pure to mixed forests.
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    PublicationEmbargo
    A modern approach to the concept of timber species from an amazonian perspective
    (2024) Herrera Álvarez, Ximena; Blanco Vaca, Juan Antonio; Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo; Ciencias; Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra/Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
    The present PhD thesis was carried out with the main objective of filling a knowledge gap in scientific literature regarding the Amazonian timber species concept or definition and to generate a preliminary timber species concept or definition using data from the Amazonian countries (Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and Brazil) and long-term data provided by tropical forests monitoring networks such as ForestPlots, ATDN and among others. The main finding of this PhD work was a surprising lack of specific definition of timber species that can be linked to biophysical attributes in tree species. Such lack can be extended into a lack of homogeneity in terminology and taxonomy among national and international organizations relevant to forest management and conservation in the Amazonian region. To fill such gap, data and results of each chapter of this thesis were complementary to each other in the context of a generating the missing timber species concept with the support of measurable variables and terms commonly recognized by relevant forest stakeholders such as scientists, national forests institutions and even international organizations that have responsibilities on this topic since their creation. In conclusion, the results presented here support the suggestion to all the actors in the tropical forest sector to consider an integrative coordination of stakeholder’s perceptions. All efforts should connect each other’s with their knowledge and experience in sustainable forest management and conservation on tropical timber species. This vision may help to have a better understanding of these species, their natural and cultural values, the different ecological services and incomes that tropical forests in general (and Amazonian forests in particular) provide for landowners, timber workers locally, regionally, and international organizations related.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Influencia de las claras forestales en los restos leñosos de pino silvestre en un bosque mixto en Aspurz:un enfoque de volumen, biomasa y hábitat de invertebrados
    (2015) Herrera Álvarez, Ximena; Blanco Vaca, Juan Antonio; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos; Nekazaritza Ingeniarien Goi Mailako Eskola Teknikoa
    En esta investigación se pretende conocer si la gestión forestal con distintas intensidades de clara (0%, 20% y 40%) influyen en los restos leñosos de un pinar –hayedo de Aspurz (Navarra nor-oriental). Por esta razón se realizaron transectos en línea para conocer el volumen, biomasa y las clases de descomposición presentes de restos leñosos. Adicionalmente, se tomaron muestras de restos leñosos de las clases de descomposición más avanzadas para conocer la comunidad de invertebrados presentes de acuerdo a la intensidad de clara, tipo de dosel (Pinus sylvetris y Fagus sylvatica) y el estadío de descomposición. Los resultados encontrados indicaron que el volumen y biomasa estuvieron influidos significativamente por las claras forestales, así como las clases de descomposición presentes de forma mayoritaria fueron las clases de descomposición intermedias. En los resultados de invertebrados se registraron 19 taxones, siendo los más abundantes los ácaros oribátidos, otros ácaros, ácaros inmaduros y colémbolos. La intensidad de clara no influyó significativamente en todos los taxones, pero el tipo de dosel y la clase de descomposición sí influyeron significativamente en los taxones más abundantes. Estos resultados tuvieron relación con la mayor radiación de luz directa en Pinus sylvestris en comparación a Fagus sylvatica, así como el contenido hídrico de las muestras de restos leñosos. Mis resultados de volumen de restos leñosos indicaron que en las parcelas de 40% de eliminación de área basal de árboles no alcanzan el valor mínimo necesario para la conservación de las especies saproxílicas, lo cual debería ser tomado en cuenta como una recomendación en la gestión forestal.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    First-ever complete list of amazonian timber tree species
    (Wiley, 2023) Herrera Álvarez, Ximena; Blanco Vaca, Juan Antonio; Phillips, Oliver L.; Guadalupe, Vicente; Ortega-López, Leonardo D.; Steege, Hans ter; Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo; Ciencias; Zientziak
    We compiled and presented a dataset (named “MADERA”) for all timber species reported in the Amazon region from all nine South American Amazonian countries. This work was based on official information from every country and on two substantial scientific references. Our final Amazonian timber species dataset contains 1,112 unique species records, which belong to 337 genera and 72 families from the lowland Amazonian rainforest, with associated information related to population, conservation (IUCN Red list categories), and trade status (ITTO/CITES) of each species. The authors of this research expect that the information provided will be useful to strengthen sustainable forest management and scientific research in the Amazonian region.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    MADERA: a standardized pan-amazonian dataset for tropical timber species
    (Wiley, 2023) Herrera Álvarez, Ximena; Blanco Vaca, Juan Antonio; Phillips, Oliver L.; Guadalupe, Vicente; Ortega-López, Leonardo D.; Steege, Hans ter; Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo; Ciencias; Zientziak; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB
    We compiled and presented a dataset for all timber species reported in the Amazon region from all nine South American Amazonian countries. This was based on official information from every country, as well as from two substantial scientific references. We verified the standard taxonomic names from each individual source, using the Taxonomic Name Resolution Service (TNRS) and considered all Amazonian tree species with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥10 cm. We also obtained estimates of the current population size for most species from a published approach based on data from 1900 tree inventory plots (1-ha each) distributed across the Amazon region and part from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). We then identified the hyperdominant timber species. In addition, we overlapped our timber species list with data for species that are used for commercial purposes, according to the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) taxa assessment and Red List categories. Finally, we also included IUCN Red List categories based on combined deforestation, and climate change scenarios for these species. Our final Amazonian timber species dataset contains 1112 unique species records, which belong to 337 genera and 72 families from the lowland Amazonian rainforest, with associated information related to population, conservation, and trade status of each species. The authors of this research expect that the information provided will be useful to strengthen the public forestry policies of the Amazon countries, inform ecological studies, as well for forest management purposes. The data are released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Synergies between climate change, biodiversity, ecosystem function and services, indirect drivers of change and human well-being in forests
    (Springer, 2021) Imbert Rodríguez, Bosco; Blanco Vaca, Juan Antonio; Candel Pérez, David; Lo, Yueh-Hsin; González de Andrés, Ester; Yeste Yeste, Antonio; Herrera Álvarez, Ximena; Rivadeneira Barba, Gabriela; Liu, Yang; Chang, Shih-Chieh; Ciencias; Zientziak
    Climate change is having impacts on the biodiversity and structure of many ecosystems. In this chapter, we focus on its impacts on forests. We will focus on how the potential climate change impacts on forest biodiversity and structure will have a reflection on the ecosystem services provided by forests, and therefore on the capacity of these ecosystems to support the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations. The chapter will be organized in three sections, considering boreal, temperate, and tropical forests along each section. The first section will deal with the synergies or interactions between climate change, biodiversity, and ecosystem function with emphasis not only on plants but also on fungi, animals, and prokaryotes. Synergies between climate change and ecosystem services will be described and analyzed in the second section. To better link the first two sections, we will explore the relationships between ecosystem function, species traits, and ecosystem services. Finally, case studies for boreal, Mediterranean, and tropical forests will be presented, emphasizing the synergies between the above factors, the indirect drivers of change (demographic, economic, sociopolitical, science and technology, culture and religion), and human well-being (basic materials for a good life, health, good social relations, freedom of choice and actions) in forests.