Open Access
El EQ-5D como medida de resultados en salud
(Elsevier España, S.L.U., 2015) Cabasés Hita, Juan Manuel; Economía; Ekonomia
El EQ-5D ha mostrado su validez y fiabilidad como medida de salud, pero su versión original presentaba algunas limitaciones, como efecto techo y escaso poder discriminatorio, especialmente en los cambios pequeños en los estados de salud más leves. Con objeto de superar estos problemas, el Grupo EuroQol lanzó la versión EQ-5D-5L en 2009, con la adición de dos niveles en cada una de las dimensiones (sin problemas, problemas leves, problemas moderados, problemas graves y problemas extremos/imposibilidad), lo que define un total de 3125 (5) estados de salud. El EQ-5D-5L ha mostrado ser una extensión válida del EQ-5D-3L que mejora las propiedades de medición, y ya se encuentra disponible en más de 120 idiomas. Existe también una versión juvenil, el EQ-5D-Y.
Open Access
Societal perspective on the eliciting of health states preferences
(2000) Cabasés Hita, Juan Manuel; Ugalde, José M.; Gaminde, Idoia; Economía; Ekonomia
With the concept of 'societal perspective' in mind, a study using the PTO and 8 EQ-5D defined health states, (using two selection criteria: states self assessed by people in a real context -women with breast cancer-, and similar distance in the TTO-York tariff), with a sample of 51 individuals selected from the general population of Navarra (Spain), was carried out. The main objectives were: 1) To elicit some EQ-5D health states values using a societal technique (PTO); 2) to check people concern about severity of illness when valuing equal gains from different starting points in the scale; and 3) to asses the effect on values of limited potential health improvements. The results shown very high values for the health states selected (0.90 to 0.99), due to the effect of anchoring on immediate death. Severity does not seem to be considered by the majority of people interviewed, although some 25% of them showed preference for similar health gains in those individuals in worse initial health. The same can be said for the concern for the limited potential health improvement, where most people seem to show an utilitarian perception.
Open Access
Using bayesian techniques to build up an inconsistency free health status index
(2004) Cabasés Hita, Juan Manuel; Sánchez Iriso, Eduardo; Economía; Ekonomia
Objectives: 1-To obtain a set of values of health states of the EQ-5D based on self-related health VAS using linear and non- linear models Bayesian techniques. 2 - To analyse “logical consistency” in different models and to derive a model free from logical inconsistencies. 3 - To analyse and compare results of several models when using a priori sources of information. Methods: We apply the usual models and transformations of these, in order to attain logical consistency of the value set. Models proposed are: linear model (1); linear with dummy variables (2) and two models with a logistic structure with different distributions of the coefficients to be estimated (3 and 4). For two of these models new dummies are added in order to obtain logical consistency (2B and 4B). Results: We propose a modelling to guarantee consistency of values of the EQ-5D health states that may be applied to suitable samples at apparently low cost of fit. This model is nonlinear, has distribution Gamma in the coefficients and specific dummy variables. The introduction of priors may reduce the cost of forcing logical consistency.
Open Access
Self perceived health status of schizophrenic patients in Spain: an analysis of geog raphical differences using bayesian approach
(2005) Cabasés Hita, Juan Manuel; Sánchez Iriso, Eduardo; Vázquez Polo, Francisco J.; Negrín, Miguel A.; Domínguez Irastorza, Emilio José; Economía; Ekonomia
Objectives. This paper explores the use of regression models for estimating health status of schizophrenic patients, from a Bayesian perspective. Our aims are: 1- To obtain a set of values of health states of the EQ-5D based on self-assessed health from a sample of schizophrenic patients. 2- To analyse the differences in the health status and in patients’ perceptions of their health status between four mental-health districts in Spain. Methods. We develop two linear models with dummy variables. The first model seeks to obtain an index of the health status of the patients using a VAS as a dependent variable and the different dimensions of EQ-5D as regressors. The second model allows to analyse the differences between the self-assessed health status in the different geographic areas and also the differences between the patients’ self-assessed health states, irrespective of their actual health state, in the different geographic areas. The analysis is done using Bayesian approach with Gibbs sampling (computer program WinBUGS 1.4). Data concerning self-assessed EQ-5D with VAS from four geographic areas of schizophrenic patients were obtained for the purposes of this analysis. Results. We obtained the health status index for this sample and analysed the differences for this index between the four geographic areas. Our study reveals variables that explain the differences in patients’ health status and differences in their health states assessment. We consider four possible scenarios.
Open Access
Population norms for the EQ-5D-3L: a cross-country analysis of population surveys for 20 countries
(Springer, 2019) Janssen, Mathieu F.; Szende, Agota; Cabasés Hita, Juan Manuel; Ramos Goñi, Juan Manuel; Vilagut, G.; König, H. H.; Economía; Ekonomia
This study provides EQ-5D population norms for 20 countries (N = 163,838), which can be used to compare profiles for patients with specific conditions with data for the average person in the general population in a similar age and/or gender group. Descriptive EQ-5D data are provided for the total population, by gender and by seven age groups. Provided index values are based on European VAS for all countries, based on TTO for 11 countries and based on VAS for 10 countries. Important differences exist in EQ-5D reported health status across countries after standardizing for population structure. Self-reported health according to all five dimensions and EQ VAS generally decreased with increasing age and was lower for females. Mean self-rated EQ VAS scores varied from 70.4 to 83.3 in the total population by country. The prior living standards (GDP per capita) in the countries studied are correlated most with the EQ VAS scores (0.58), while unemployment appeared to be significantly correlated in people over the age of 45 only. A country's expenditure on health care correlated moderately with higher ratings on the EQ VAS (0.55). EQ-5D norms can be used as reference data to assess the burden of disease of patients with specific conditions. Such information, in turn, can inform policy-making and assist in setting priorities in health care.