Open Access
Decoding the past and present for the future: empowering communities in the Duero River Borderlands for rural development and resource management
(2022) Hearn, Kyle Patrick; Ramírez Vaquero, Eloísa; Orejas Saco del Valle, Almudena; Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación; Giza eta Hezkuntza Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
La región fronteriza del río Duero entre Portugal y España es un paisaje rico en patrimonio cultural y natural. Aunque reconocida internacionalmente por su biodiversidad y singularidad natural, tanto el aislamiento histórico como la marginación socioeconómica han tenido un impacto negativo en el desarrollo sostenible y el estímulo económico de la región. Para agravar el problema, existe una creciente desconexión de la memoria colectiva con muchos de los recursos culturales que forman el paisaje. Esto ha resultado en una falta de conciencia del valor de la singularidad arqueológica e histórica de la región. Se requieren más esfuerzos para recomponer una narrativa que incorpore los aspectos del patrimonio cultural natural y tangible e intangible de este paisaje rural. Esta recomposición solo puede completarse con la ayuda de los habitantes de la región. Esta tesis doctoral aborda la necesidad de valorización a través de un enfoque integrado que permita analizar diacrónicamente la evolución de este paisaje cultural. Este trabajo incorpora metodologías de ‘participatory mapping’ del conocimiento espacial local, Caracterización del Paisaje Histórico (HLC) y el uso de la teledetección con análisis espectral para caracterizar temporalmente parte de este paisaje fronterizo de Zamora, España y Miranda do Douro, Portugal desde la fase Protohistórica hasta el presente. Los atributos del paisaje seleccionados son tanto tangibles como intangibles. En conjunto, los tres enfoques caracterizan los efectos antrópicos temporales en el paisaje agrosilvopastoril a través de los siguientes atributos: asentamientos, tipos de recintos, matorrales, pastizales, tierras de cultivo, bosques, construcción de terrazas, zonas de molienda de grano, infraestructura de comunicación y energía significativa y la toponimia utilizada localmente para describir estas áreas de influencia humana. Para estos tres enfoques, se utilizaron Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) y una base de datos complementaria como herramienta para la creación y transferencia del conocimiento.
Open Access
The historic character of a depopulating borderland: historic landscape characterisation on the Duero river
(Taylor & Francis Online, 2022) Hearn, Kyle Patrick; Carrer, Francesco; Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación; Giza eta Hezkuntza Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
International borderland landscapes have a shared history through the movement of ideas, people, culture, and even conflict. Understanding the similarities and nuanced differences of temporal landscape change between frontiers requires approaches that can effectively detail and explain the territorial evolution of both countries. Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) is a valuable methodological tool originally used for landscape studies in the United Kingdom. Its application outside of Britain has been limited. In this pilot study, HLC is used in the Duero River borderland context of Spain and Portugal. It is a rural region with a common history, but it also presents new methodological challenges in the acquisition of source data and the creation of a typology that effectively characterises the region while also recognising the distinctiveness between nations. This research presents the development of the classes and broad types chosen for this analysis and demonstrates their diachronic evolution to the present.
Open Access
Mapping the past: using ethnography and local spatial knowledge to characterize the Duero river borderlands landscape
(Elsevier, 2021) Hearn, Kyle Patrick; Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación; Giza eta Hezkuntza Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
The Duero River borderland between Spain and Portugal is a region marked by historic geographic isolation and more recently by economic marginalization. Acknowledged for not only its biodiversity, the cultural landscape is also distinguished by its archaeological, historic, and ethnographic heritage. Due to massive socioeconomic outmigration and a prevalent cultural disdain for the countryside, there is a developing disconnection of the collective memory among village residents with the cultural landscape and its agropastoral past. In this study, the principles of the Historic Landscape Characterization methodology and the ideals established by the European Landscape Convention of 2000 are implemented due to their goals of community engagement and awareness raising of the value of cultural landscapes. A strong ethnographic component has been applied to this research whereby residents in interviews characterize the landscape through the recollection of its toponyms and past agropastoral land use. The data acquired from the interviews are input into a GIS as ethnographic layers to complement the empirical landscape analyses. This aggregation of information is placed into a final series of maps for residents and regional authorities to access, use, and learn from the unique landscape history of the region. The value of the analysis is twofold: (1) it contributes to the interpretation of the historical development of the Duero River transborder landscape; and (2) it demonstrates the role of incorporating an ethnographic approach into an archaeological landscape analysis.
Open Access
A diachronic analysis of a changing landscape on the Duero river borderlands of Spain and Portugal combining remote sensing and ethnographic approaches
(MDPI, 2021) Hearn, Kyle Patrick; Álvarez-Mozos, Jesús; Giza eta Hezkuntza Zientziak; Ingeniaritza; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación; Ingeniería; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
The Arribes del Duero region spans the border of both Spain and Portugal along the Duero River. On both sides of the border, the region boasts unique human‐influenced ecosystems. The borderland landscape is dotted with numerous villages that have a history of maintaining and managing an agrosilvopastoral use of the land. Unfortunately, the region in recent decades has suffered from massive outmigration, resulting in significant rural abandonment. Consequently, the oncemaintained landscape is evolving into a more homogenous vegetative one, resulting in a greater propensity for wildfires. This study utilizes an interdisciplinary, integrated approach of “bottom up” ethnography and “top down” remote sensing data from Landsat imagery, to characterize and document the diachronic vegetative changes on the landscape, as they are perceived by stakeholders and satellite spectral analysis. In both countries, stakeholders perceived the current changes and threats facing the landscape. Remote sensing analysis revealed an increase in forest cover throughout the region, and more advanced, drastic change on the Spanish side of the study area marked by wildfire and a rapidly declining population. Understanding the evolution and history of this rural landscape can provide more effective management and its sustainability.

Hearn, Kyle Patrick

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