Open Access
Nitrogen isotope ratio (δ15N): a nearly unexplored indicator that provides useful information in viticulture
(International Viticulture and Enology Society, 2024-05-15) Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Loidi Erviti, Maite; Urretavizcaya Sanz, Inés; Galar Martínez, Mónica; Crespo Martínez, Sara; Royo Díaz, José Bernardo; Miranda Jiménez, Carlos; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
The study of the natural abundance of nitrogen-stable isotopes is an aspect of viticulture research that has received limited attention. While stable isotopes of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen have received significant attention, nitrogen isotope ratio (S15N) 15 N) remains a less studied yet potentially informative parameter. This paper explores the implications of S15N 15 N measurements in grapevines, shedding light on its utility as an indicator for nitrogen sources, plant water status, and within-field variability. The study examines the influence of nitrogen sources, dose, and sampling organs on S15N 15 N values, revealing distinct trends in petioles, berries, and seeds. Organic fertilisers led to higher S15N 15 N values compared to inorganic sources, while increasing nitrogen doses exhibited a much weaker effect on S15N. 15 N. Moreover, S15N 15 N values vary spatially within vineyards, associating with its topography and potential soil composition, soil management and water availability. Our results highlight the importance of considering S15N 15 N in viticulture, suggesting its integration with S13C 13 C for comprehensive insights into nitrogen cycling and soil management practices. The findings advocate for further research to harness the full potential of 15 N as a valuable tool in viticultural studies.
Open Access
Recovery of ancient grapevine plant material in peri‑urban areas. A case of success in Pamplona (Spain) leading to the recovery of cv. Berués
(Elsevier, 2022) Crespo Martínez, Sara; Mayor Azcona, Blanca; Oneka Mugica, Oihane; Loidi Erviti, Maite; Villa Llop, Ana; Marín Ederra, Diana; Miranda Jiménez, Carlos; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Urrestarazu Vidart, Jorge; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Viticulture was relatively important in the peri‑urban area of Pamplona till the end of the 19th century, but suffered a continued regression that has led to a nearly complete disappearance of vineyards. In this context, this work aims to evaluate the feasibility of recovering old grapevine germplasm in the peri‑urban area of Pamplona. The lack of a conventional source for recovering plant material (i.e. absence of old vineyards in the area) implied the need of designing an alternative prospecting procedure. This method included the analysis of the available historical information as open-access resources (orthophotos, land use maps and GIS applications) aiming to identify the areas with the highest probability of finding vines surviving from the general abandonment and uprooting of vineyards that had occurred in the 20th century. Based on the oldest on scale orthophoto available for Navarra, a vineyard land map of the peri‑urban area of Pamplona in year 1956 was built, allowing prospecting efforts to be focused on specific areas of primarily interest. Following this strategy, a total of 120 plants were collected, which corresponded to 44 genotypes. The most prominent achievement of this prospecting mission was the recovery of 15 accessions of Berués, a very old variety with a remarkable importance in the region according to old historical records, and considered to be disappeared. The methodology proposed was effective in searching for the oldest standing-alone plants surviving in the peri‑urban area of Pamplona, and may be adapted to assist the recovery of old grapevine germplasm in other currently non wine-growing regions/areas where viticulture was relevant some decades ago. © 2021
Open Access
Unlocking Spanish pear genetic diversity: strategies for construction of a national core collection
(Springer Nature, 2024-11-04) Irisarri, Patricia; Urrestarazu Vidart, Jorge; Ramos-Cabrer, Ana; Pereira-Lorenzo, Santiago; Velázquez-Barrera, María Encarnación; Díaz-Hernández, María Belén; Dapena, Enrique; Urbina, Valero; Dalmases, Josep; Ríos-Mesa, Domingo; Crespo Martínez, Sara; Loidi Erviti, Maite; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Ascasíbar-Errasti, Javier; Errea, Pilar; Miranda Jiménez, Carlos; Pina, Ana; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB
Spanish pear germplasm collections are crucial for preservation, research, and breeding efforts. However, genetic diversity and structure is unknown at national level. A coordinated national project analyzed 1251 accessions from 7 Spanish pear collections using an internationally recognized set of 14 SSRs to enhance the utilization of these collections. Key findings included the identification of 760 unique genotypes (490 diploids and 270 triploids). Notably, genotypes represented by a single accession accounted for 49% of the total, indicating high vulnerability of this material. Using a Bayesian clustering method revealed two main genetic groups, G1 containing most foreign cultivars and G2 retaining local Spanish cultivars, which were further divided into two other subgroups using a nested approach, revealing moderate but significant differentiation among them. The populations were renamed according to the origin of the reference samples assigned to each group as 'South' (G1.1), 'Western Europe-1' (G1.2), 'Western Europe-2' (G2.1) and 'No-Pyrus communis' (G2.2). The results led to the creation of a 'generalist' collection, aiming to maximize genetic diversity representativeness, starting with 68 genotypes but expanding to 111 to achieve better allele recovery. This core collection is a valuable resource for genetic studies and conservation, enhancing efforts to preserve pear biodiversity.

Crespo Martínez, Sara

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