Open Access
Recuperación del patrimonio vitícola de la Cuenca de Pamplona
(2018) Oneka Mugica, Oihane; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Urrestarazu Vidart, Jorge; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos; Nekazaritza Ingeniarien Goi Mailako Eskola Teknikoa
Hoy en día uno de los retos del sector navarro de la viticultura es ofrecer productos diferenciados . Para ello es indispensable conocer y recuperar las variedades que se cultivaban antiguamente en Navarra, en este caso en la Cuenca de Pamplona. Actualmente en la Cuenca de Pam plona apenas hay cultivo vitícola pero hace algunas décadas esto no era así. Hasta finales del siglo XIX era habitual el cultivo de la vid en esta zona. Después, a causa de varios sucesos, el cultivo fue descendiendo hasta el nivel actual de casi ningún vi ñedo. Por un lado, a finales del siglo XIX llegaron varios agentes patógenos de América que afectaron gravemente los viñedos e hicieron que muchos de ellos se abandonaran: el oídio y el mildiu. Además, a partir de la década de 1880 la agricultura navarra s ufrió un descenso en los precios del vino debido a la importación de alcoholes industriales desde el extranjero, los cuales llevaron a la ruina a muchas destilerías de vino y orujo y trajeron la competencia de los vinos artificiales, obtenidos a precios mu y bajos . Finalmente, el factor que terminó de acelerar el descenso de la producción vitícola en esta zona fue la llegada de la Filoxera , que apareció en Navarra hacia 1892. Las consecuencias aquí también fueron desastrosas pero se consiguió recuperar gran parte de los viñedos gracias a los portainjertos americanos, resistentes a dicha plaga. No obstante , se perdieron muchas de las variedades de Viti s vinifera cultivadas y se extendió el cultivo de unas po cas variedades más resistentes, entre ellas la G arnac ha . Sin embargo, dicha recuperación no fue tal en la Cuenca de Pamplona, Aoiz y resto de las zonas productoras de chacolíes en donde fue instaurándose una agricul tura principalmente cerealista. Mediante este trabajo se demuestra que ha sido posible realizar una prospección y recuperar parte del patrimonio gen ético del viñedo que hubo. Para ello se han buscado las cepas que, de manera marginal, han sobrevivido a los arranques de viñedo que fueron llevados a cabo. En este trabajo se recoge el procedimi ento seguido para realizar la prospección, así como para analizar e identificar las cepas encontradas. Así mismo, se muestran los resultados obtenidos y se hace un breve análisis y comentario sobre cada variedad de Vitis vinifera L . encontrada . La variedad que más ha aparecido es la Garnacha, seguida del Verués de Huarte. Además, han sido identificadas tanto variedades de las que hay constancia de su cultivo en el pasado en Navarra, c omo variedades que se cultivaban fuera de la Comunidad Foral.
Embargo
Evaluación del efecto del uso de un sistema de riego de dosis variable sobre la variabilidad del estado hídrico, el rendimiento y la composición de la uva en un viñedo ubicado en Traibuenas (Navarra)
(2020) Oneka Mugica, Oihane; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y Biociencias; Nekazaritzako Ingeniaritzako eta Biozientzietako Goi Mailako Eskola Teknikoa
En este trabajo se evalúa el efecto de un sistema de riego de dosis variable en la reducción de la variabilidad del crecimiento vegetativo, del rendimiento y de la calidad de la uva de un viñedo situado en Traibuenas (Navarra). Para ello se ha realizado un seguimiento del estado hídrico, vegetativo y productivo del viñedo, analizándose los datos obtenidos para determinar la efectividad del diseño en la disminución de la variabilidad intra-parcelar y se ha realizado una propuesta de mejora para el desarrollo futuro del ensayo. Se ha demostrado que el riego de dosis variable modificaba la estructura espacial de las características productivas, vegetativas e hídricas del viñedo, pero no conseguía mejorar los coeficientes de variación de éstas a nivel de parcela entera. Por subparcelas, siguiendo el método de puntuaciones diseñado en este estudio, 5/10 sub-parcelas han disminuido la variación global de las características, 4/10 la han aumentado y 1/10 han permanecido constantes.
Open Access
Monitoring vineyard canopy management operations using UAV-acquired photogrammetric point clouds
(MDPI, 2020) López Granados, Francisca; Oneka Mugica, Oihane; Marín Ederra, Diana; Loidi Erviti, Maite; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Canopy management operations, such as shoot thinning, leaf removal, and shoot trimming, are among the most relevant agricultural practices in viticulture. However, the supervision of these tasks demands a visual inspection of the whole vineyard, which is time-consuming and laborious. The application of photogrammetric techniques to images acquired with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has proved to be an efficient way to measure woody crops canopy. Consequently, the objective of this work was to determine whether the use ofUAV photogrammetry allows the detection of canopy management operations. A UAV equipped with an RGB digital camera was used to acquire images with high overlap over different canopy management experiments in four vineyards with the aim of characterizing vine dimensions before and after shoot thinning, leaf removal, and shoot trimming operations. The images were processed to generate photogrammetric point clouds of every vine that were analyzed using a fully automated object-based image analysis algorithm. Two approaches were tested in the analysis of the UAV derived data: (1) to determine whether the comparison of the vine dimensions before and after the treatments allowed the detection of the canopy management operations; and (2) to study the vine dimensions after the operations and assess the possibility of detecting these operations using only the data from the flight after them. The first approach successfully detected the canopy management. Regarding the second approach, significant differences in the vine dimensions after the treatments were detected in all the experiments, and the vines under the shoot trimming treatment could be easily and accurately detected based on a fixed threshold.
Open Access
Pollen viability, self-incompatibility, and a very singular S-allele structure between the reasons for the limited potential productivity of traditional Basque cider apple varieties
(Elsevier, 2023) Crespo Martínez, Sara; Oneka Mugica, Oihane; Laquidain Imirizaldu, María Jesús; Urrestarazu Vidart, Jorge; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Miranda Jiménez, Carlos; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Cider regions conserve a broad diversity of traditional cultivars for which knowledge has hardly evolved. Key aspects of their reproductive biology are barely known, hindering improvement in orchard management and resulting in highly variable yields. In this study, we characterized key aspects of the reproductive biology of some traditional apple cultivars from the Basque-style cider-producing area in northern Spain (Basque Country and Navarre). We tested for pollen quality, self-compatibility, and cross-compatibility (S-genotyping). The pollen quality was good except for Urtebete, Errezila, Reineta Encarnada, and triploid varieties. Self-pollination results confirm the need for pollinators, as only Moko and Txalaka showed certain self-compatibility. Regarding Sgenotyping, the population proved very singular, with an atypically high frequency of S26, a frequent allele within crabapples, and the appearance of a novel unpublished allele (S60). The knowledge generated for this variety pool will contribute to a better choice of suitable pollinators, preventing the use of popular crabapple varieties that are demonstrated to be partly incompatible with them, and will lead to an increase in potential yields in the region.
Open Access
Recovery of ancient grapevine plant material in peri‑urban areas. A case of success in Pamplona (Spain) leading to the recovery of cv. Berués
(Elsevier, 2022) Crespo Martínez, Sara; Mayor Azcona, Blanca; Oneka Mugica, Oihane; Loidi Erviti, Maite; Villa Llop, Ana; Marín Ederra, Diana; Miranda Jiménez, Carlos; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Urrestarazu Vidart, Jorge; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Viticulture was relatively important in the peri‑urban area of Pamplona till the end of the 19th century, but suffered a continued regression that has led to a nearly complete disappearance of vineyards. In this context, this work aims to evaluate the feasibility of recovering old grapevine germplasm in the peri‑urban area of Pamplona. The lack of a conventional source for recovering plant material (i.e. absence of old vineyards in the area) implied the need of designing an alternative prospecting procedure. This method included the analysis of the available historical information as open-access resources (orthophotos, land use maps and GIS applications) aiming to identify the areas with the highest probability of finding vines surviving from the general abandonment and uprooting of vineyards that had occurred in the 20th century. Based on the oldest on scale orthophoto available for Navarra, a vineyard land map of the peri‑urban area of Pamplona in year 1956 was built, allowing prospecting efforts to be focused on specific areas of primarily interest. Following this strategy, a total of 120 plants were collected, which corresponded to 44 genotypes. The most prominent achievement of this prospecting mission was the recovery of 15 accessions of Berués, a very old variety with a remarkable importance in the region according to old historical records, and considered to be disappeared. The methodology proposed was effective in searching for the oldest standing-alone plants surviving in the peri‑urban area of Pamplona, and may be adapted to assist the recovery of old grapevine germplasm in other currently non wine-growing regions/areas where viticulture was relevant some decades ago. © 2021
Open Access
Assessing the causes of the low productivity of cider apple orchards in the Spanish region of Gipuzkoa
(ISHS, 2022) Miranda Jiménez, Carlos; Crespo Martínez, Sara; Oneka Mugica, Oihane; Laquidain Imirizaldu, María Jesús; Urrestarazu Vidart, Jorge; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
Apple cider-making has a long tradition in many northern Spanish regions, such as Gipuzkoa in the Basque Country. The production in this region is largely based on traditional local cider cultivars for which very little information is available on their pollination requirements, resulting in a generalized low productivity of the orchards. In this work the self-(in)compatibility, S-alleles and pollen quality have been studied for the main cider varieties grown in Gipuzkoa, which represent a wide genetic diversity. The S-RNase genotype of 25 cultivars is firstly reported here, which allows allocating the cultivars in their corresponding incompatibility group. All the S-alleles have been previously described, being S26, S3 and S5 the most frequently found. Regarding pollen quality triploid cultivars, as expected, showed lower viability (<70%) and germination rates (<20%). Whereas most diploid cultivars showed good pollen viability (>80%) and germination (>30%) rates, it is noteworthy the low performance of ‘Urtebete’, very similar to that of triploids. Self-compatibility tests both in vitro and in situ showed low rates of fruit set and, together with an upper position of the stigmas related to stamens, reveal a low degree of self-compatibility for most cultivars. Surprisingly, two cultivars called ‘Moko’ and ‘Txalaka’, showed certain selfcompatibility with around 7% fruit set. All in all, the results will enable to improve traditional varieties orchard design as well as the profitability of apple cider farms in the region.