Open Access
Optical sensors based on lossy-mode resonances
(Elsevier Science, 2017) Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ascorbe Muruzabal, Joaquín; Acha Morrás, Nerea de; López Torres, Diego; Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Sánchez Zábal, Pedro; Urrutia Azcona, Aitor; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Rivero Fuente, Pedro J.; Hernáez Sáenz de Zaitigui, Miguel; Elosúa Aguado, César; Goicoechea Fernández, Javier; Bariáin Aisa, Cándido; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Del Villar, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
Open Access
Thin film coated D-shaped fiber regenerable biosensor
(Optica, 2020) Santano Rivero, Desiree; Ciáurriz Gortari, Paula; Tellechea Malda, Edurne; Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Del Villar, Ignacio; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
We present a novel covalent functionalization of a D-shape fiber biosensor based on Lossy Mode Resonances. IgG/anti-IgG model is applied to prove the regeneration of the union and thus the re-usability of the sensor.
Embargo
Regenerable LMR-based fiber optic immunosensor with a SnO2 metallic oxide thin film for label-free detection
(Pergamon Press, 2025-05-15) Santano Rivero, Desiree; Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Del Villar, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
This paper introduces the fabrication and characterization of a regenerable LMR-based, label-free optical fiber immunosensor. This innovative biosensor proposal was developed by functionalizing a SnO2 metallic oxide thin film deposited on a D-shaped optical fiber using a silanization protocol. The system successfully detected IgG - anti-IgG complexes in real-time in a range of concentrations from 0.5 to 10 ¿g/ml and achieved a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.12 μg/ml of anti-IgG. The biosensor was extensively tested to assess its capacity for regeneration, confirming that it can be reused repeatedly, reducing the overall cost and waste typically associated with disposable sensors. This regenerability has significant implications for a range of applications, providing a more sustainable and flexible approach to biosensing technology.
Open Access
Lossy mode resonance-based optical immunosensor towards detecting gliadin in aqueous solutions
(Elsevier, 2023) Benítez Pérez, Melanys; Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
The development of accurate, intuitive, and easy-to-handle devices to detect different types of allergens is on the rise, as these are useful tools to guarantee consumer safety, which should be a priority for any food industry. Gliadin, one of the main proteins present in gluten, is the one responsible for triggering the immune system to produce autoantibodies in celiac disease, the most dangerous pathology related to gluten. Lossy Mode Resonance (LMR) based biosensors are lately known as a promising sensing technology and its implementation on planar waveguides has been shown to result in manageable, sustainable and robust structures. In this work, an LMR based microfluidic biosensor for gliadin detection is proposed, by coating a coverslip with Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) to generate the resonance phenomena and functionalizing the sensor surface with anti-gliadin antibody (AGA) through covalent bond. The sensor was exposed to different gliadin concentrations in ultrapure water, in the range of 0.1–100 ppm with an accuracy of ±0.14 ppm, for a sensitivity of 1.35 ppm/ml. The calibration curve was obtained from the experimental data corresponding to three repetitions of the assay and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 ppm was achieved. Moreover, the sensor was exposed to commercial flour samples, some of them labeled as gluten free (GF) and the response agreed with the expected results according to product label. Biosensor specificity to gliadin was demonstrated by injecting chicken egg white albumin without obtaining any significant response.
Open Access
Lossy mode resonance based microfluidic platform developed on planar waveguide for biosensing applications
(MDPI, 2022) Benítez Pérez, Melanys; Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Del Villar, Ignacio; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
The development of resonance phenomena-based optical biosensors has gained relevance in recent years due to the excellent optical fiber properties and progress in the research on materials and techniques that allow resonance generation. However, for lossy mode resonance (LMR)-based sensors, the optical fiber presents disadvantages, such as the need for splicing the sensor head and the complex polarization control. To avoid these issues, planar waveguides such as coverslips are easier to handle, cost-effective, and more robust structures. In this work, a microfluidic LMR-based planar waveguide platform was proposed, and its use for biosensing applications was evaluated by detecting anti-immunoglobulin G (anti-IgG). In order to generate the wavelength resonance, the sensor surface was coated with a titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin-film. IgG antibodies were immobilized by covalent binding, and the detection assay was carried out by injecting anti-IgG in PBS buffer solutions from 5 to 20 μg/mL. The LMR wavelength shifted to higher values when increasing the analyte concentration, which means that the proposed system was able to detect the IgG/anti-IgG binding. The calibration curve was built from the experimental data obtained in three repetitions of the assay. In this way, a prototype of an LMR-based biosensing microfluidic platform developed on planar substrates was obtained for the first time
Open Access
Nanocoated optical fibre for lossy mode resonance (LMR) sensors and filters
(IEEE, 2015) Del Villar, Ignacio; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Bariáin Aisa, Cándido; Goicoechea Fernández, Javier; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Elosúa Aguado, César; Hernáez Sáenz de Zaitigui, Miguel; Rivero Fuente, Pedro J.; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Urrutia Azcona, Aitor; Sánchez Zábal, Pedro; Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; López Torres, Diego; Acha Morrás, Nerea de; Ascorbe Muruzabal, Joaquín; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
Nanometer scale coatings with a complex refractive index deposited on optical fibre permit to obtain attenuation bands in the transmission spectrum, whose central wavelength coincides with the moment when a mode guided in the optical fibre cladding starts to be guided in the coating. Due to the complex refractive index of the coating, the guided mode is a lossy mode. Consequently, these attenuation bands receive the name of lossy mode resonances. This phenomenon can be used for development of ultra-high sensitivity photonic devices (for detection, among others, of volatile organic compounds, pH and refractive index) or for optical filtering. In this work, rules for adequate design are indicated based on numerical results obtained with FIMMWAVE and on experimental results that corroborate the theoretical predictions.
Open Access
Route towards a label-free optical waveguide sensing platform based on lossy mode resonances
(IFSA Publishing, 2019) Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Ozcariz Celaya, Aritz; Elosúa Aguado, César; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Urrutia Azcona, Aitor; López Torres, Diego; Acha Morrás, Nerea de; Ascorbe Muruzabal, Joaquín; Vitoria Pascual, Ignacio; Imas González, José Javier; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Díaz Lucas, Silvia; Hernáez Sáenz de Zaitigui, Miguel; Goicoechea Fernández, Javier; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Del Villar, Ignacio; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua,0011-1365-2017- 000117; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, PJUPNA26
According to recent market studies of the North American company Allied Market Research, the field of photonic sensors is an emerging strategic field for the following years and it is expected to garner $18 billion by 2021. The integration of micro and nanofabrication technologies in the field of sensors has allowed the development of new technological concepts such as lab-on-a-chip which have achieved extraordinary advances in terms of detection and applicability, for example in the field of biosensors. This continuous development has allowed that equipment consisting of many complex devices that occupied a whole room a few years ago, at present it is possible to handle them in the palm of the hand; that formerly long duration processes are carried out in a matter of milliseconds and that a technology previously dedicated solely to military or scientific uses is available to the vast majority of consumers. The adequate combination of micro and nanostructured coatings with optical fiber sensors has permitted us to develop novel sensing technologies, such as the first experimental demonstration of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) for sensing applications, with more than one hundred citations and related publications in high rank journals and top conferences. In fact, fiber optic LMR-based devices have been proven as devices with one of the highest sensitivity for refractometric applications. Refractive index sensitivity is an indirect and simple indicator of how sensitive the device is to chemical and biological species, topic where this proposal is focused. Consequently, the utilization of these devices for chemical and biosensing applications is a clear opportunity that could open novel and interesting research lines and applications as well as simplify current analytical methodologies. As a result, on the basis of our previous experience with LMR based sensors to attain very high sensitivities, the objective of this paper is presenting the route for the development of label-free optical waveguide sensing platform based on LMRs that enable to explore the limits of this technology for bio-chemosensing applications.
Open Access
Micro and nanostructured materials for the development of optical fibre sensors
(MDPI, 2017) Elosúa Aguado, César; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Del Villar, Ignacio; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Bariáin Aisa, Cándido; Goicoechea Fernández, Javier; Hernáez Sáenz de Zaitigui, Miguel; Rivero Fuente, Pedro J.; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Urrutia Azcona, Aitor; Sánchez Zábal, Pedro; Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; López Torres, Diego; Acha Morrás, Nerea de; Ascorbe Muruzabal, Joaquín; Ozcariz Celaya, Aritz; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
The measurement of chemical and biomedical parameters can take advantage of the features exclusively offered by optical fibre: passive nature, electromagnetic immunity and chemical stability are some of the most relevant ones. The small dimensions of the fibre generally require that the sensing material be loaded into a supporting matrix whose morphology is adjusted at a nanometric scale. Thanks to the advances in nanotechnology new deposition methods have been developed: they allow reagents from different chemical nature to be embedded into films with a thickness always below a few microns that also show a relevant aspect ratio to ensure a high transduction interface. This review reveals some of the main techniques that are currently been employed to develop this kind of sensors, describing in detail both the resulting supporting matrices as well as the sensing materials used. The main objective is to offer a general view of the state of the art to expose the main challenges and chances that this technology is facing currently.
Open Access
Fiber-optic lossy mode resonance sensors
(Elsevier, 2014) Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Del Villar, Ignacio; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Goicoechea Fernández, Javier; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Elosúa Aguado, César; Hernáez Sáenz de Zaitigui, Miguel; Rivero Fuente, Pedro J.; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Urrutia Azcona, Aitor; Sánchez Zábal, Pedro; Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; López Torres, Diego; Acha Morrás, Nerea de; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
In the last 4 years, experimental evidences about the potential use of optical sensors based on Lossy Mode Resonances (LMR) have been presented in the literature. These LMR sensors have some similarities with Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors, the gold standard in label-free, real-time biomolecular interaction analysis. In these new LMR sensors, if the non-metallic nanocladding of an optical waveguide fulfills the conditions explained in this work, coupling of light to the cladding modes happens at certain resonance wavelengths, which enables the use of LMR devices as refractometers and opens the door to diverse applications such as in biology and proteomics research. These highly sensitive refractometers have already shown sensitivities higher than 20,000 nm/RIU or 5x10-7 RIU and, given the youth of this field, it is expected to achieve even better values.