Open Access
D-shape optical fiber refractometer based on TM and TE lossy mode resonances
(SPIE, 2014) Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Del Villar, Ignacio; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza
The fabrication and characterization of an optical fiber refractometer based on Lossy Mode Resonances (LMR) is presented. TiO2/ poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) coatings deposited on side-polished D-shaped optical fibers are used as LMR supporting coatings. LMRs are sensitive to the external medium refractive index and D-shaped optical fibers enable the observation of TE and TM LMR polarizations. These refractometers based on TE and TM LMR showed an average sensitivity of 2737 nm/RIU and 2893 nm/RIU respectively for a surrounding medium refractive index (SMRI) range from 1.35 to 1.41.
Open Access
High sensitive and selective C-reactive protein detection by means of lossy mode resonance based optical fiber devices
(Elsevier, 2017) Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Sánchez Zábal, Pedro; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
This work presents the development of high sensitive, selective, fast and reusable C-reactive protein (CRP) aptasensors. This novel approach takes advantage of the utilization of high sensitive refractometers based on Lossy Mode Resonances generated by thin indium tin oxide (ITO) films fabricated onto the planar region of D-shaped optical fibers. CRP selectivity is obtained by means of the adhesion of a CRP specific aptamer chain onto the ITO film using the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) nano-assembly fabrication process. The sensing mechanism relies on resonance wavelength shifts originated by refractive index variations of the aptamer chain in presence of the target molecule. Fabricated devices show high selectivity to CRP when compared with other target molecules, such as urea or creatinine, while maintaining a low detection limit (0.0625 mg/L) and fast response time (61 s). Additionally, these sensors show a repetitive response for several days and are reusable after a cleaning process in ultrapure water.
Open Access
D-shape optical fiber pH sensor based on lossy mode resonances (LMRs)
(IEEE, 2016-01-07) Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Del Villar, Ignacio; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza
The fabrication and characterization of an optical fiber pH sensor based on Lossy Mode Resonances (LMRs) is presented. PAH/PAA polymeric thin-films fabricated onto side-polished D-shaped optical fibers are used as LMR supporting coatings. The thickness of PAH/PAA coatings can be modified as a function of the external medium pH. As a consequence of this variation, the effective refractive index of the structure will change, producing a shift of the LMR. The fabricated sensor has been used to measure pH from 4.0 to 5.0. This pH sensor showed a sensitivity of 101.3 nm per pH unit, which means a resolution of ~6×10-4 pH units by using a conventional communications Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA), which is an improvement over commercial pH sensors.
Open Access
Tunable optical fiber pH sensors based on TE and TM Lossy Mode Resonances (LMRs)
(Elsevier, 2016) Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Del Villar, Ignacio; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this paper, a high sensitivity optical fiber pH sensor based on lossy mode resonance (LMR) generated with transversal electric (TE) and transversal magnetic (TM) polarized light is presented. Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) polymeric thin-films fabricated onto side-polished Dshaped optical fibers are used as pH-sensitive as well as LMR supporting coatings. The adequate selection of the pH-sensitive coating fabrication parameters enables to obtain devices working at different pH regions. Two devices have been obtained in order to measure pH from 4.0 to 5.0 and from 7.0 to 8.0 respectively. Obtained optical fiber pH sensors based on TE and TM LMRs showed a maximum sensitivity of 69 nm/pH, which means a resolution of ∼0.0008 pH units by using a conventional communications Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) with 0.06 nm resolution.
Open Access
Experimental study and sensing applications of polarization-dependent lossy mode resonances generated by D-shape coated optical fibers
(IEEE, 2015) Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Del Villar, Ignacio; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
The fabrication and characterization of an optical fiber refractometer based on Lossy Mode Resonances (LMR) is presented. TiO2/ poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) coatings deposited on side-polished D-shaped optical fibers are used as LMR supporting coatings. LMRs are sensitive to the external medium refractive index and D-shaped optical fibers enable the observation of TE and TM LMR polarizations. These refractometers based on TE and TM LMR showed an average sensitivity of 2737 nm/RIU and 2893 nm/RIU respectively for a surrounding medium refractive index (SMRI) range from 1.35 to 1.41. This work also explores the utilization of previously described refractometers in the context of two common industrial applications such as the determination of the sugar content or °Brix in beverages and the salt concentration in sea water.