Open Access
Size and number variation of adipocytes during the growth of Rasa Aragonesa lambs
(CIHEAM, 1995) Purroy Unanua, Antonio; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Soret Lafraya, Beatriz; Horcada, Alberto; Lizaso, G.; Mendizábal Múgica, Francisco Javier; Arana Navarro, Ana; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
The size and number of adipocytes of different fat depots was studied in 45 male lambs of the Rasa Aragonesa breed, distributed in three groups of 15 lambs (G12, G24, G36), slaughtered respectively at 11.7 ± 0.67,24.5 ± 0.57 and 35.8 ± 1.74 kg live weight (LW) and at an age of 32 ± 5, 89 ± 8 and 123 ± 8 days. G12 lambs were slaughtered on the day of weaning, G24 and G36 lambs were weaned respectively at 16.2 ± 1.32 and 18.3 ± 2.46 kg LW and were fed from then onwards on concentrated fodder and barley straw ad libitum until they were slaughtered. The results obtained show that there is a significant increase in the amount of fat deposited in three internal (omental, mesenteric and kidney knob and channel) fat depots as the LW at slaughter increases (P<0.01). A similar phenomenon occurs in the size of the adipocytes, hypertrophy being more evident between 24 and 36 kg (P<0.01) than between 12 and 24 kg, except in the intermuscular fat depot, where the differences were between the two most extreme weight(P <0.01). The number of adipocytes in the omental and mesenteric fat depots increased significantly during the period of the study (P<0.01) while no variation occurred in the kidney knob and channel fat depot during the same period.
Open Access
Caracterización de las 'Costillas de Palo' de cordero de raza Navarra. I. Composición tisular
(Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU. Fundación Universitaria San Pablo-CEU, 2002) Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Alzón, M.; Arana Navarro, Ana; Eguinoa Ancho, Paola; Delfa, R.; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Purroy Unanua, Antonio; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
Se ha estudiado la composición tisular de 46 costillas de palo (10ª y 11ª) procedentes de 23 corderos de raza Navarra sacrificados con 24,2±1,55Kg. de peso vivo y 98±6,3d de edad. El peso medio de la costilla fue de 78,4±10,82g, de los que el porcentaje de músculo supuso el 48,5±4,16%, el de grasa 29,3±4,78% y el de hueso 15,0±3,19%, respectivamente. El músculo Longissimus dorsi, que presentó un área media de 9,6±1,34cm2, supuso el 52,4±6,30% del músculo total de la costilla. El componente óseo se distribuyó en un 41,8% en la costilla y el 58,2% en la vertebra. La grasa subcutánea supuso el 50,1% de la grasa total diseccionada, correspondiendo el 49,9% restante a la intermuscular. Por último, se midió la grasa intramuscular o de veteado que presentaba el músculo Longissimus dorsi, ocupando dicha grasa un 2,5±0,98% de la superficie de dicho músculo. El número medio de vetas de grasa en cada costilla fue de 5,6±1,92 y el tamaño medio de éstas de 4,5±1,74mm2.
Open Access
Volatile compounds, odour and flavour attributes of lamb meat from the navarra breed as affected by ageing
(MDPI, 2021) Insausti Barrenetxea, Kizkitza; Urrutia Vera, Olaia; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Colle, Michael J.; Bass, Phillip D.; Arana Navarro, Ana; Murillo Arbizu, María Teresa; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
This study aimed to assess the influence of ageing on the volatile compounds, as well as odour and flavour attributes of lamb meat from the Navarra breed. Twenty-one male lambs were fed a commercial concentrate diet after weaning and were harvested at 101 ± 6.5 days of age. From the Longissimus thoracis, 26 volatile compounds were identified, with hexanal, 2-propanone, and nonanal the most abundant (57.17% relative percentage abundance, RPA). The effect of ageing (1 vs. 4 d) was observed (p < 0.05) in six compounds: 1,4-dimethylbenzene decreased with ageing, while tridecane, 3-methylbutanal, 2-heptanone, 3-octanone, and 1-octen-3-ol increased. In general, ageing was linked to a decrease in livery and bloody flavour, bloody odour and ethanal, and an increase in pentane, hexanal, and heptanal, which are usually associated with fresh green grass and fat descriptors. Consequently, ageing lamb from the Navarra breed for four days might have a positive effect on meat sensory odour and flavour quality.
Open Access
Caracterización de las 'Costillas de Palo' de cordero de raza Navarra. II. Composición en ácidos grasos
(Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU. Fundación Universitaria San Pablo-CEU, 2002) Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Horcada, Alberto; Gorraiz Olangua, María Cristina; Eguinoa Ancho, Paola; Induráin Báñez, Gregorio; Arana Navarro, Ana; Purroy Unanua, Antonio; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
Se ha estudiado la composición en ácidos grasos de la grasa intramuscular y subcutánea de las costillas de palo de 23 corderos ternascos de raza Navarra. La grasa intramuscular presentó un 58,9% de ácidos grasos insaturados (AGI) y un 40,8% de ácidos grasos saturados (AGS). Los AGI mayoritarios fueron el oleico (C 18:1), el linoleico (C 18:2) y el araquidónico (C 20:4) que supusieron un 38,6, 7,3 y 8,5% respectivamente del total de ácidos grasos. Entre los AGS los mayoritarios fueron el palmítico (C 16:0) y el esteárico (C 18:0), los cuales supusieron un 29,7 y 13,7% respectivamente. La grasa subcutánea mostró un mayor contenido en AGS que la grasa intramuscular (47,7 vs 40,8%). Estas diferencias se reflejaron en la relación entre ácidos grasos poliinsaturados y saturados (AGP/AGS) que fue de 0,1 para la grasa subcutánea y de 0,5 para la grasa intramuscular.
Open Access
Adiposity and adipogenic gene expression in four different muscles in beef cattle
(Public Library of Science, 2017) Martínez del Pino, Lara; Arana Navarro, Ana; Alfonso Ruiz, Leopoldo; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Soret Lafraya, Beatriz; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
Anatomical site and divergent functionalities of muscles can be related to differences in IMF content, metabolism and adipogenic gene expression. Then, potential differences in different muscles in beef cattle were studied. As a second objective, the main sources of experimental variability associated to RT-qPCR results were analyzed following a nested design in order to implement appropriate experimental designs minimizing gene expression variability. To perform the study Longissimus thoracis (LT), Semitendinosus (SM), Masseter (MS), Sternomandibularis (ST) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) samples of Pirenaica young bulls (n = 4) were collected for IMF, collagen and protein quantification, analysis of adipocyte size distribution and gene expression (PPARG, CEBPA, FAPB4 and WNT10B). A greater IMF content was observed in MS and SM muscles, which had a bimodal adipocyte size distribution while it was unimodal in the muscles LT and ST. This suggest that the different IMF accretion in the muscles studied might be related to different rates of hyperplasia and hypertrophy and that IMF might develop later in LT and ST muscles. The former differences were not mirrored by the expression of the genes analyzed, which might be related to the different contribution of mature and non-mature adipocytes to the total gene expression. When comparing IMF and SAT gene expression, late and early developing tissues respectively, expression of PPARG, CEBPA and FABP4 was higher in the SAT, in agreement with bigger cell size and numbers. The variability study indicates that the analytical factors that add higher variability to the gene expression are the sampling and RT and therefore, it would be appropriate to include those replicates in the design of future experiments. Based on the results, the use of MS and SM muscles could allow less expensive experimental designs and bigger sample size that could permit the detection of lower relevant differences in gene expression.
Open Access
Utilización de jabones cálcicos de ácidos grasos de aceite de oliva en el pienso para cebo de corderos: hipertrofia e hiperplasia de los adipocitos
(Sociedad Española de Ovinotecnia y Caprinotecnia, 2001) Alzón, M.; Arana Navarro, Ana; Santamaría, C.; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Erburu, J. A.; Eguinoa Ancho, Paola; Purroy Unanua, Antonio; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
Se ha estudiado el efecto que sobre el desarrollo de diferentes depósitos grasos, tiene la inclusión de jabones cálcicos de ácidos grasos de aceite de oliva (5 p.100) en el pienso para cebo en corderos de raza Navarra. Los corderos que consumieron el pienso con jabones cálcicos de aceite de oliva mostraron en los depósitos omental y pelvicorrenal adipocitos de mayor tamaño que los que consumieron pienso sin jabones cálcicos de aceite de oliva (P<0,05), no encontrándose diferencias en el número de adipocitos. Tampoco se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos de corderos en el estado de engrasamiento, ni en el espesor graso dorsal, ni tampoco en el tamaño de los adipocitos del depósito subcutáneo. Todo ello indicaría que la ingestión de piensos con jabones cálcicos de aceite de oliva se ha reflejado en un mayor engrasamiento de los depósitos omental y pelvicorrenal que se habría debido principalmente a la hipertrofia de sus adipocitos.
Open Access
Development of a duplex qPCR assay with locked nucleic acid probes for A, B and E kappa-casein variants detection
(Springer Nature, 2022) Jiménez Montenegro, Lucía; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Alfonso Ruiz, Leopoldo; Azparren Domínguez, Leire; Urrutia Vera, Olaia; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
Milk proteins determine important milk technological characteristics. Among caseins, Ƙ-casein has been correlated with fat and protein content and cheese yield. Fourteen Ƙ-caseins variants have been described but the alleles A, B and E are the most important ones due to their frequency and/or influence on the technological aptitudes of milk. Therefore, in the present study two different duplex qPCR assays with locked nucleic acid probes (for positions 13104 and 13124 of the Ƙ-casein gene) were developed for the detection of A, B and E variants. Firstly, DNA isolation method from milk somatic cells and hair was optimised. The developed 13124-qPCR assay showed an increased sensitivity reaching up to 6.7 copies DNA copies/reaction at a 95% confidence level with A, B and E alleles reference samples. The 13104-qPCR assay reached up to 6.7 DNA copies/reaction for A allele reference sample and 67 DNA copies/reaction for B and E samples. Intra-assay variation results were below 6%. Applicability was determined using DNA samples from animals with known genotype for Ƙ-casein (AA, AB, BB, BE, AE, EE) and both assays were able to discriminate among the six genotypes with 100% accuracy. Thus, this qPCR method represents a sensitive and rapid option for the detection of Ƙ-casein alleles in both hair and milk samples.
Open Access
Adipose tissue modification through feeding strategies and their implication on adipogenesis and adipose tissue metabolism in ruminants
(MDPI, 2020) Urrutia Vera, Olaia; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Alfonso Ruiz, Leopoldo; Soret Lafraya, Beatriz; Insausti Barrenetxea, Kizkitza; Arana Navarro, Ana; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Dietary recommendations by health authorities have been advising of the importance of diminishing saturated fatty acids (SFA) consumption and replacing them by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega-3. Therefore, there have been efforts to enhance food fatty acid profiles, helping them to meet human nutritional recommendations. Ruminant meat is the major dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) source, but it also contains SFA at relatively high proportions, deriving from ruminal biohydrogenation of PUFA. Additionally, lipid metabolism in ruminants may differ from other species. Recent research has aimed to modify the fatty acid profile of meat, and other animal products. This review summarizes dietary strategies based on the n-3 PUFA supplementation of ruminant diets and their effects on meat fatty acid composition. Additionally, the role of n-3 PUFA in adipose tissue (AT) development and in the expression of key genes involved in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism is discussed. It has been demonstrated that linseed supplementation leads to an increase in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whilst fish oil and algae increase DHA content. Dietary PUFA can alter AT adiposity and modulate lipid metabolism genes expression, although further research is required to clarify the underlying mechanism.
Open Access
Relación entre la nota de conformación y diferentes medidas morfológicas realizadas mediante análisis de imagen en canales bovinas de diferentes conformaciones
(Asociación Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario, 2005) Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Legarra, Andrés; Purroy Unanua, Antonio; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
En el presente trabajo se estudia, en canales bovinas representativas del mercado español y que corresponden a las 6 notas de conformación establecidas en el sistema SEUROP, la relación entre la nota de conformación y diversas medidas morfológicas obtenidas mediante análisis de imagen.
Open Access
Efecto de la alimentación con dietas ricas en acidos grasos poliinsaturados sobre el desarrollo del tejido graso de terneros
(Asociación Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario, 2007) Sayed, S.; Abadía Durán, Silvia; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Arana Navarro, Ana; Soret Lafraya, Beatriz; Albertí, P.; Purroy Unanua, Antonio; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
La carne de vacuno obtenida de terneros cebados con pienso presenta un menor valor de la relación de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados/saturados, beneficioso para la salud humana, que la obtenida de los temeros criados en pasto (Wood et al., 1999). Para contrarrestar este factor se está estudiando la utilización de materias primas con alto contenido en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (por ejemplo semilla de lino) en las dietas utilizadas en el cebo de terneros. Por otra parte, cuando se utilizan materias primas que pueden dar lugar a grasas insaturadas, de fácil enranciamiento y que pueden acortar la vida útil de la carne, se recomienda la adición en la dieta de los animales de antioxidantes como, por ejemplo, la vitamina E (Robbins et al., 2003). El presente trabajo, englobado en un proyecto más amplio donde se estudia el efecto que la adición de lino y de vitamina E en el pienso de terneros tiene sobre el crecimiento, engrasamiento y características de la carne, se centra en profundizar sobre los posibles efectos que pudieran tener la utilización de estas dietas sobre el desarrollo y la celularidad del tejido graso.