Encío Martínez, Ignacio
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Encío Martínez
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Ignacio
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Ciencias de la Salud
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IMAB. Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Applied Biology
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Publication Open Access PD-L1 as a prognostic factor in early-stage colon carcinoma within the immunohistochemical molecular subtype classification(MDPI, 2021) Azcue Sanromán, Pablo; Encío Martínez, Ignacio; Guerrero Setas, David; Suárez Alecha, Javier; Galbete Jiménez, Arkaitz; Mercado Gutiérrez, María R.; Vera García, Ruth; Gómez Dorronsoro, María Luisa; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakColorectal cancer (CRC) is a very heterogeneous disease. Efforts to characterize and search for biomarkers for these patients are currently ongoing in the hope of establishing a more targeted therapeutic approach. The role of PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) expression as a biomarker has not yet been fully elucidated. The Consensus Molecular Subtype classification has been delineated, but although already acknowledged in the most recent international guidelines, it has yet to be implemented in clinical practice. We investigate PD-L1 expression as a biomarker of prognosis in the early-stage setting and integrate it with the Consensus Molecular Subtype (CMS), in an effort to differentiate those patients with a worse prognosis who could potentially benefit from an early, more aggressive treatment. Our results suggest PD-L1 as an independent prognostic factor in early stage setting when assessed by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, PD-L1 expression appears to be a viable biomarker to differentiate patients in the CMS (CMS2/CMS3) who lack a clear prognosis.Publication Open Access A novel prognostic biomarker panel for early‐stage colon carcinoma(MDPI, 2021) Azcue Sanromán, Pablo; Guerrero Setas, David; Encío Martínez, Ignacio; Ibáñez Beroiz, Berta; Mercado Gutiérrez, María R.; Vera García, Ruth; Gómez Dorronsoro, María Luisa; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakMolecular characterization of colorectal cancer has helped us understand better the biology of the disease. However, previous efforts have yet to provide significant clinical value in order to be integrated into clinical practice for patients with early‐stage colon cancer (CC). The purpose of this study was to assess PD‐L1, GLUT‐1, e‐cadherin, MUC2, CDX2, and microsatellite instability (dMMR) and to propose a risk‐panel with prognostic capabilities. Biomarkers were immunohistochemically assessed through tissue microarrays in a cohort of 144 patients with stage II/III colon cancer. A biomarker panel consisting of PD‐L1, GLUT‐1, dMMR, and potentially CDX2 was constructed that divided patients into low, medium, and high risk of overall survival or disease-free survival (DFS) in equally sized groups. Compared with low‐risk patients, medium‐risk patients have almost twice the risk of death (HR = 2.10 (0.99–4.46), p = 0.054), while high‐risk patients have almost four times the risk (HR = 3.79 (1.77–8.11), p = 0.001). The multivariate goodness of fit was 0.756 and was correlated with Kaplan–Meier curves (p = 0.002). Consistent results were found for DFS. This study provides a critical basis for the future development of an immunohistochemical assessment capable of discerning early‐stage CC patients as a function of their prognosis. This tool may aid with treatment personalization in daily clinical practice and improve survival outcomes.