Person: Castellano Aldave, Jesús Carlos
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Castellano Aldave
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Jesús Carlos
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Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
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0000-0003-4376-1814
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TA65304
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Publication Open Access Ultra low-frequency energy harvester for SHM sensors in wind turbines(2024) Castellano Aldave, Jesús Carlos; Carlosena García, Alfonso; López Martín, Antonio; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektriko eta Elektronikoaren eta Komunikazio IngeniaritzarenEn este proyecto de tesis multidisciplinar, proponemos el diseño completo, la implementación y la caracterización experimental de una familia de dispositivos de captación de energía residual para alimentar nodos sensores autónomos que monitorizan la salud estructural de los aerogeneradores. Presentamos soluciones innovadoras para aprovechar la energía de las vibraciones inherentes a estas estructuras y convertirlas posteriormente en energía eléctrica utilizable. Para ello se utilizan elementos mecánicos que captan el movimiento vibratorio, componentes electromagnéticos para su transducción a energía eléctrica aprovechable así como circuitos electrónicos para el acondicionamiento de la señal. Las especificaciones propuestas incluyen la funcionalidad con excitaciones en cualquier dirección del plano horizontal, pequeñas aceleraciones por debajo de 0, 1 g y frecuencias muy bajas por debajo de 1Hz. Los dispositivos deben ser compactos para facilitar su manejo y colocación. Para predecir con exactitud el funcionamiento en condiciones de excitación arbitrarias, hemos desarrollado dos modelos matemáticos de interacción electromecánica. El primero es un modelo físico basado en ecuaciones diferenciales que describen el movimiento mecánico bajo las excitaciones previstas y la interacción elástica en términos de un modelo magnético dipolar. La amortiguación se supone viscosa y los parámetros básicos del modelo se ajustan empíricamente. El segundo enfoque de modelización se basa en datos y considera la interacción electromagnética entre imanes y bobinas en movimiento. La amortiguación se modela con mayor precisión distinguiendo entre amortiguación por fricción y electromagnética. Para evaluar los parámetros asociados junto con otros parámetros no físicos en juego, se presenta un procedimiento de identificación. Ha sido necesario diseñar e implementar un montaje experimental ad-hoc, descrito en la tesis, capaz de medir todas las magnitudes necesarias para una correcta identificación. Dadas las particularidades de los captadores de baja frecuencia propuestos, se necesitan soluciones específicas para convertir la energía eléctrica generada en corriente continua utilizable por los nodos sensores. Presentamos dos novedosos elevadores/convertidores AC-DC capaces de operar con tensiones de entrada muy bajas (decenas de milivoltios) y con cualquier polaridad. Se basan en osciladores clásicos modificados para adaptarse a la aplicación. Los harvesters descritos en esta tesis se han caracterizado a fondo experimentalmente en el laboratorio y uno de ellos se está probando sobre el terreno en la góndola de un aerogenerador. Un análisis comparativo de nuestros harvesters con respecto a los pocos que trabajan en condiciones similares, revela un comportamiento muy competitivo. Sin embargo, la potencia generada en la prueba de campo es demasiado baja para alcanzar el objetivo de alimentar un nodo sensor.Publication Open Access Thrust actuator with passive restoration force for wide gap magnetic bearings(Elsevier, 2019) Royo Silvestre, Isaac; Beato López, Juan Jesús; Castellano Aldave, Jesús Carlos; Gómez Polo, Cristina; Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; CienciasActive thrust magnetic bearings provide an axial force to balance the moving parts of machines. However, most devices produce null or unbalancing passive forces. Furthermore, reported designs usually feature very small axial and radial gaps. This paper presents a thrust actuator for wide axial gaps that produces both passive and active restoring axial forces. It features a long biconical rotor and a stator housing a single winding and two permanent magnets. Simulations are done using finite-element-analysis (FEA) and compared to magnetic circuit analysis and experimental results from a prototype with a diameter of 48 mm and 20 mm axial displacement.Publication Open Access Dataset for the identification of a ultra-low frequency multidirectional energy harvester for wind turbines(Elsevier, 2024-11-20) Bacaicoa Díaz, Julen; Hualde Otamendi, Mikel; Merino Olagüe, Mikel; Plaza Puértolas, Aitor; Iriarte Goñi, Xabier; Castellano Aldave, Jesús Carlos; Carlosena García, Alfonso; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThis paper presents a publicly available dataset designed to support the identification (characterization) and performance optimization of an ultra-low-frequency multidirectional vibration energy harvester. The dataset includes detailed measurements from experiments performed to fully characterize its dynamic behaviour. The experimental data encompasses both input (acceleration)-output (energy) relationships, as well as internal system dynamics, measured using a synchronized image processing and signal acquisition system. In addition to the raw input-output data, the dataset also provides post-processed information, such as the angular positions of the moving masses, their velocities and accelerations, derived from recorded high-speed videos at 240 Hz. The dataset also includes the measured power output generated in the coils. This dataset is intended to enable further research on vibration energy harvesters by providing experimental data for identification, model validation, and performance optimization, particularly in the context of energy harvesting in low-frequency and multidirectional environments, such as those encountered in wind turbines.Publication Open Access Low-frequency electromagnetic harvester for wind turbine vibrations(Elsevier, 2024) Castellano Aldave, Jesús Carlos; Plaza Puértolas, Aitor; Iriarte Goñi, Xabier; Carlosena García, Alfonso; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaIn this paper we describe and fully characterize a novel vibration harvester intended to harness energy from the vibration of a wind turbine (WT), to potentially supply power to sensing nodes oriented to structural health monitoring (SHM). The harvester is based on electromagnetic conversion (EM) and can work with vibrations of ultra-low frequencies in any direction of a plane. The harvester bases on a first prototype already disclosed by the authors, but in this paper, we develop an accurate model parameterized by a combination of physical parameters and others related to the geometry of the device. The model allows predicting not only the power generation capabilities, but also the kinematic behaviour of the harvester. Model parameters are estimated by an identification procedure and validated experimentally. Last, the harvester is tested in real conditions on a wind turbine.Publication Open Access Comprehensive characterisation of a low-frequency-vibration energy harvester(MDPI, 2024) Plaza Puértolas, Aitor; Iriarte Goñi, Xabier; Castellano Aldave, Jesús Carlos; Carlosena García, Alfonso; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISCIn this paper, we describe a measurement procedure to fully characterise a novel vibration energy harvester operating in the ultra-low-frequency range. The procedure, which is more thorough than those usually found in the literature, comprises three main stages: modelling, experimental characterisation and parameter identification. Modelling is accomplished in two alternative ways, a physical model (white box) and a mixed one (black box), which model the magnetic interaction via Fourier series. The experimental measurements include not only the input (acceleration)–output (energy) response but also the (internal) dynamic behaviour of the system, making use of a synchronised image processing and signal acquisition system. The identification procedure, based on maximum likelihood, estimates all the relevant parameters to characterise the system to simulate its behaviour and helps to optimise its performance. While the method is custom-designed for a particular harvester, the comprehensive approach and most of its procedures can be applied to similar harvesters.Publication Open Access Ultra-low frequency multidirectional harvester for wind turbines(Elsevier, 2023) Castellano Aldave, Jesús Carlos; Carlosena García, Alfonso; Iriarte Goñi, Xabier; Plaza Puértolas, Aitor; Ingeniería; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaIn this paper we propose, and demonstrate through a prototype, a completely novel device able to harvest mechanical energy from the multidirectional vibrations in a wind turbine, and convert it into electrical, to power autonomous sensors. The application is very challenging since vibrations are of ultra-low frequency, well below 1 Hz, with accelerations of tenths of cm/s2 (0.01 g), and the device must capture energy from the movement in any direction. According to our experiments, the device is capable to generate average powers around the milliwatt in the operation conditions of a wind turbine, which are enough for some very-low power sensor nodes, or at least to considerably extend the life-time of batteries. The device is based on the principle of moving (inertial) masses comprised of magnets in Hallbach arrays interacting with coils, and can work for movements on any direction of a plane. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first device specifically proposed for wind turbines and one of the few that work in such low frequencies, and capture energy from movements on any direction on a plane. Only three harvesters proposed in the literature, intended for distinct applications, can work at such low frequencies, and our device exhibits a better efficiency. Though comparisons with harvesters working in different contexts and, even using different conversion principles, is not completely fair, we make in this paper a comparison to the closest ones, resorting to two different figures of merit.Publication Open Access A novel ultra-low input voltage and frequency self astarting AC-DC boost converter for micro energy harvesting(IEEE, 2024) Castellano Aldave, Jesús Carlos; Cruz Blas, Carlos Aristóteles de la; Carlosena García, Alfonso; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISCIn this letter, a novel low-voltage junction field-effect transistor (JFET) oscillator with self-starting capability to implement an ac-dc boost converter is introduced. The circuit is transformer free and can operate with very low-voltage and low-frequency signals. In order to operate with positive and negative input signals, a coupled topology of JFETs has been used. The circuit has been built using off the shelf components, and can be used with electromagnetic harvesters, thermoelectric modules, and/or wearable devices. Experimental results with a practical harvester are provided in order to demonstrate the proposed ac-dc boost converter.