Open Access
Effect of fortification with eggshell powder on injera quality
(Elsevier, 2022) Fekadu, Tigist; Cassano, Angela; Angós Iturgaiz, Ignacio; Maté Caballero, Juan Ignacio; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
In Ethiopia there is a severe calcium nutrient deficiency problem. Cereals are appropriate vehicles for food fortification along with eggshell powder (EP), a waste product, which contains a high amount of Ca. The objective of the current study was to enrich injera (Ethiopian flat bread from cereal teff) with EP to improve Ca content and to assess its effect on quality parameters. Injera was prepared by adding 4.5% and 9% EP to the teff flour (injera I4.5 and I9.0, respectively). The fortification resulted in significantly increased bioavailable Ca from 16.1 mg/100 g (control) to 742.7 mg/100 g (I4.5) and 1743.1 mg/100 g (I9.0). With the consumption of 200 g of injera, an adult could meet 60% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of Ca from I4.5 and 140% of Ca RDA from I9.0. The addition of eggshell powder affected pH, titratable acidity, color and texture. However, there was no significant effect on moisture content, aw, viscosity, microbial quality, and eye characteristics. Current research revealed that fortification of injera with EP could be a good source of total and bioavailable Ca without significant deleterious effects on the key physico-chemical quality parameters of injera.
Open Access
Profile of bioactive components of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) by-products from Ecuador and evaluation of their antioxidant activity
(MDPI, 2023) Llerena Silva, Wilma Maribel; Samaniego, Iván Rodrigo; Vallejo, Christian; Arreaga, Adner; Zhunio, Billy; Coronel, Zomayra; Quiroz, James; Angós Iturgaiz, Ignacio; Carrillo, Wilman; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
The aim of the study was to determine the profile of bioactive compounds in cocoa residues (mucilage and bean shells), and to evaluate their antioxidant activity in two cocoa varieties, Nacional X Trinitario type (Fine Aroma) and the variety CCN-51. The extraction of phytonutrients from the residues was carried out selectively. The characterization and quantification of the total polyphenol content (TPC), and the total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined by UV–VIS spectrophotometry. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the phenolic profile and methylxanthines. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the methods of 2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation bleaching (ABTS), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The exudate mucilage samples from Nacional X Trinitario-type cocoa presented the highest content of TPC 105.08 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 mL, TFC 36.80 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/100 mL, catechin (CAT) 35.44 mg/g, procyanidins (PCB2: 35.10; PCB1: 25.68; PCC1: 16.83 mg/L), epicatechin (EPI) 13.71 mg/L, caffeine (CAF) 0.90% and theobromine (TBR) 2.65%. In the cocoa bean shell, the variety CCN-51 presented a higher content of TPC (42.17 mg GAE/100 g) and TFC (20.57 mg CE/100 g). However, CAT (16.16 mg/g), CAF (0.35%) and TBR (1.28%) were higher in the Nacional X Trinitario cocoa type. The EPI presented no significant differences between the two samples studied (0.83 and 0.84 mg/g). The antioxidant activity values (ABTS, FRAP and ORAC methods) were higher in the samples of CCN-51 than in the Nacional X Trinitario type. The bean shell samples presented antioxidant values of 171.32, 192.22 and 56.87 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/g, respectively, and the bean shell samples presented antioxidant values of 167.06, 160.06 and 52.53 mg TE/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity (ABTS, FRAP and ORAC) of the residues was correlated with the bioactive compounds of the mucilage and bean shells, showing a strong positive correlation (<0.99) with the procyanidins (B1, B2 and C1), EPI and CAT and a positive/moderate correlation (0.94) with methylxanthines.
Open Access
Pressure shift freezing: congelación por cambio de fase
(Universidad Miguel Hernández, 2024) Angós Iturgaiz, Ignacio; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
Sesión Plenaria 3: La congelación es uno de los métodos más antiguos y ampliamente utilizados en la conservación de alimentos. El crecimiento de la demanda de productos generados por la industria congeladora ha estimulado la necesidad de buscar nuevas tecnologías que incrementen su eficiencia, rebajen los costes y, por el lado del consumidor, mejoren la calidad de los alimentos y optimicen su vida útil. Todos estos aspectos hay que enmarcarlos dentro de un contexto en el que los esfuerzos de adaptación a condiciones climáticas cada vez más extremas e imprevisibles, van a ir de la mano con las iniciativas orientadas a la minimización del impacto ambiental que supone la producción de alimentos para una población mundial en crecimiento exponencial. En esta ponencia en primer lugar se dará una visión general del uso de las altas presiones en el ámbito agroalimentario, pasando a continuación a explicar los fundamentos de los procesos de congelación mediados o asistidos por el uso de altas presiones hidrostáticas, una tecnología emergente dentro del campo de la conservación de alimentos por congelación. Se ofrecerá una visión actual del estado del arte sobre esta tecnología, comprendiendo tanto los aspectos tecnológicos y de ingeniería, como los relacionados con la calidad de los productos alimentarios procesados con ella y las perspectivas de futuro que pueden extraerse, a la luz de los últimos avances científicos y técnicos.
Open Access
Biocompounds content prediction in Ecuadorian fruits using a mathematical model
(MDPI, 2019) Llerena Silva, Wilma Maribel; Samaniego, Iván Rodrigo; Angós Iturgaiz, Ignacio; Brito, Beatriz; Ortiz, Bladimir; Carrillo, Wilman; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
Anthocyanins, carotenoids and polyphenols are biomolecules that give the characteristic color to fruits. Carotenoids relate to yellow, orange and red colors whereas anthocyanins and polyphenols mainly relate to purple and red colors. Presently, standard determination of antioxidants is carried out using relatively complex methods and techniques. The aim of this study was to develop a mathematical prediction model to relate the internal color parameters of the Amazonic fruits araza (Eugenia stipitata Mc Vaugh), Andean fruit blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth), Andean blueberry (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth), goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.), naranjilla (Solanum quitoense Lam.), and tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) to their respective anthocyanins, carotenoids and polyphenols contents. The mathematical model was effective in predicting the total anthocyanins content (TAC), the total carotenoids content (TCC) and finally the total phenolic content (TPC) of fruits assayed. Andean blueberry presented a TPC with an experimental value of 7254.62 (mg GAE/100 g sample) with respect to a TPC prediction value of 7315.73 (mg GAE/100 g sample). Andean blackberry presented a TAC with an experimental value of 1416.69 (mg chloride cyanidin 3-glucoside/100 g) with respect to a prediction TAC value of 1413 (mg chloride cyanidin 3-glucoside/100 g).
Open Access
Mathematical modeling of thin layer drying of green plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.) peel
(Universiti Putra Malaysia, 2016) Faneite, A. M.; Rincón, A.; Ferrer, A.; Angós Iturgaiz, Ignacio; Argüello, G.; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
Open Access
Effects of polyols at low concentration on the release of sweet aroma compounds in model soda beverages
(Elsevier, 2024) Barba González-Albo, Carmen; Angós Iturgaiz, Ignacio; Maté Caballero, Juan Ignacio; Cornejo Ibergallartu, Alfonso; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
This study investigated the effect of polyols erythritol, D-mannitol, and maltitol on the volatility of aroma compounds γ-butyrolactone, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-phenylethanol in aqueous solution. Headspace solidphase microextraction/gas chromatography and diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were used to obtain information on aroma–food matrix interaction. Results demonstrated that adding polyols at final low concentrations of 5% or 10% (w/w) to an aqueous solution of 2-phenylethanol reduced the release of vapor-phase aromas, except in the case of 3-methyl-1-butanol, which was not affected by the presence of polyols in the liquid matrix. Polyols also reduced the diffusion coefficients of all three aroma compounds, probably due to friction between the molecules. At low polyol concentrations, aroma compound volatility and diffusion coefficient values were altered compared to those of aromas released from pure water. This observation is related to the physicochemical properties of the aroma compounds. These insights may help guide the use of the combination of aroma compounds and polyols in the formulation of sugar-free and reduced-sugar beverages. Chemical compounds: γ-butyrolactone (PubChem CID: 7302), 3-methyl-1-butanol (PubChem CID: 31260), 2-phenylethanol (PubChem CID: 6054), erythritol (PubChem CID: 222285), D-mannitol (PubChem CID: 6251), maltitol (PubChem CID: 493591).
Open Access
Control of respiration and color modification on minimally processed potatoes by means of low and high O2/CO2 atmospheres
(Elsevier, 2008) Angós Iturgaiz, Ignacio; Virseda Chamorro, Paloma; Fernández García, Teresa; Tecnología de Alimentos; Elikagaien Teknologia; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertistate Publikoa
This study has demonstrated the potential of several controlled atmospheres for reducing the respiration rate and browning in minimally processed potatoes (cv. Monalisa) during a 14-day storage period at 4 ◦C. The gas combinations tested were 2.5/0, 2.5/5, 5/0, 5/10, 10/0, 10/10, 80/0, 80/10, 80/20, 90/0, and 90/10 (kPa O2/kPa CO2; N2 balance). Compared to the control atmosphere (synthetic air), minimally processed potatoes stored under the controlled atmosphere composed of 80 kPa O2/10–20 kPa CO2 afforded the best results in terms of reduced respiration rates (−68% RO2 and −84% RCO2), antibrowning activity (−35% in total surface color change), and mechanical properties (−37% potato hardening) after storage at 4 ◦C for 14 days. Significant decreases in acidity (higher pH values) compared to the fresh product were found at the end of the storage in the minimally processed potatoes stored under low O2/high CO2 and high O2/high–low CO2 conditions. In contrast, dry matter determinations showed no water losses in any of the experimental gas treatment batches.
Open Access
Evaluación del contenido de acrilamida en chips de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) elaborados por fritura convencional y al vacío
(Asociación Latinoamericana de la Papa, 2020) Villacrés-Poveda, Elena; Zurita-Sorrosa, Gabriela; Samaniego, Iván Rodrigo; Angós Iturgaiz, Ignacio; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
La fritura es un método de cocción con mayor aceptación a nivel mundial, confiere a los alimentos y específicamente a la papa ciertas características únicas de aroma, sabor y textura, destruye los microorganismos e inactiva las enzimas. Sin embargo, este proceso a nivel doméstico y agroindustrial se realiza a temperaturas que superan los 120 ºC, lo que puede propiciar la formación de acrilamida, a niveles que superan los límites permisibles para el consumo humano. Por lo que el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el contenido de acrilamida en siete variedades de papa procesadas por fritura convencional y al vacío. Esta investigación se desarrolló en el Departamento de Nutrición y Calidad de la Estación Experimental Santa Catalina, INIAP. Con el plan de experiencias de Doehler, se determinó las siguientes condiciones de tiempo y temperatura para la fritura convencional: variedades Diacol Capiro, INIAP-Rubí, Superchola e INIAP-Victoria (175 °C, 2.75 min), Josefina y Natividad (162 °C y 3.13 min) e INIAP-Libertad (175 °C, 2.00 min). La fritura al vacío se realizó 125 °C, 6 min y 11,30 kPa. El contenido de acrilamida varió dependiendo de la variedad de papa y las condiciones de fritura. En INIAP-Natividad y Superchola, procesadas por fritura convencional (162-175 ºC), sobre-fritura (188 ºC) y al vacío (125 ºC), la concentración de acrilamida no superó el límite de detección. Mientras que en Diacol Capiro, INIAP-Josefina, INIAP-Rubí e INIAP-Victoria fritas a 188 ºC, los niveles de acrilamida superaron el límite de detección (316.12 µg·kg-1), con valores de 2412.60, 1107.20, 1114.89, 1684 µg·kg-1, respectivamente. Se determinó un alto grado de correlación (0.79) entre el porcentaje de azúcares y el contenido de acrilamida, no así entre este parámetro y el contenido de proteína.
Open Access
Effects of vacuum pasteurization on the nutritional, sensory and microbiological properties of orange (Citrus × sinensis) and carrot (Daucus carota L.) nectar
(MDPI, 2024-04-28) Llerena Silva, Wilma Maribel; Burgos, José; Ortiz, Jacqueline; Samaniego, Iván Rodrigo; Marcia, Jhunior; Molina, José; Vallejo, Christian; Angós Iturgaiz, Ignacio; Yaday, Ajitesh; Santos Alemán, Ricardo; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
This study involved the evaluation of the effect of vacuum pasteurization on physicochemical characteristics (pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, chroma, tone, IO, vitamin C, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural), microbiological properties (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, total coliforms, total mesophilic aerobes, molds and yeasts) and sensory characteristics of orange and carrot nectar. The thermal treatments were designed based on the thermal lethality of two heat-resistant microorganisms typical of the product (Neosartorya fischeri and Zygosaccaromyces bailii). The evaluation was carried out on raw nectar and pasteurized nectar. The shelf life was estimated to be 30 days (6 °C). The most favorable results were obtained by applying a heat treatment at 88 °C for 32.68 min, managing to retain 85.87% of vitamin C and a microbiological stability of 12 days (6 ± 0.6 °C) with regard to total mesophilic aerobes. Likewise, the tasters established that this treatment resulted in the best flavor, texture and acceptability characteristics.
Open Access
New thin-layer drying models for the design and simulation of cassava root dryers and phenomenological study of interaction water-starch during diffusion
(Universiti Putra Malaysia, 2020) Faneite, A. M.; Parra, J.; Colón, W.; Ferrer, A.; Angós Iturgaiz, Ignacio; Argüello, G.; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD