Virto Garayoa, Cristina
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Virto Garayoa
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Cristina
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Producción Agraria
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Publication Open Access Intra- and intergenerational persistence of an insect nucleopolyhedrovirus: adverse effects of sublethal disease on host development, reproduction, and susceptibility to superinfection(American Society for Microbiology, 2011) Cabodevilla de Andrés, Oihana; Villar Zabal, Eduardo; Virto Garayoa, Cristina; Murillo Pérez, Rosa; Williams, Trevor; Caballero Murillo, Primitivo; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena; Producción Agraria; IdAB. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología / Agrobioteknologiako InstitutuaSublethal infections by Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) are common in field populations of the beet armyworm (S. exigua, Hübner) in the Almerian horticultural region of Spain. Inoculation of second, third, and fourth instars with occlusion bodies (OBs) of an isolate (VT-SeAl1) associated with vertically transmitted infections resulted in 15 to 100% of sublethal infection in adult survivors, as determined by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) detection of viral DNA polymerase transcripts, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeted at the DNA polymerase gene. The prevalence of adult sublethal infection was positively related to the inoculum OB concentration consumed during the larval stage. Sublethal infections persisted in OBtreated insects for at least five generations. Viral transcripts were more frequently detected in adult insects than in third instars. qPCR analysis indicated a consistently higher prevalence of sublethal infection than RT-PCR. Sublethal infection was associated with significant reductions in pupal weight, adult emergence, fecundity, and fertility (egg hatch) and significant increases in larval development time and duration of the preoviposition period. Insects taken from a persistently infected experimental population were significantly more susceptible to the OB inoculum than control insects that originated from the same virus-free colony as the persistently infected insects. We conclude that OB treatment results in rapid establishment of sublethal infections that persist between generations and which incur costs in the development and reproductive capacity of the host insect.Publication Open Access Gender-mediated differences in vertical transmission of a nucleopolyhedrovirus(Public Library of Science, 2013) Virto Garayoa, Cristina; Zárate Chaves, Carlos Andrés; López Ferber, Miguel; Murillo Pérez, Rosa; Caballero Murillo, Primitivo; Williams, Trevor; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena; Producción Agraria; IdAB. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología / Agrobioteknologiako InstitutuaWith the development of sensitive molecular techniques for detection of low levels of asymptomatic pathogens, it becoming clear that vertical transmission is a common feature of some insect pathogenic viruses, and likely to be essential to virus survival when opportunities for horizontal transmission are unfavorable. Vertical transmission of Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) is common in natural populations of S. exigua. To assess whether gender affected transgenerational virus transmission, four mating group treatments were performed using healthy and sublethally infected insects: i) healthy males (H=)6healthy females (HR); ii) infected males (I=)6healthy females (HR); iii) healthy males (H=)6infected females (IR) and iv) infected males (I=)6infected females (IR). Experimental adults and their offspring were analyzed by qPCR to determine the prevalence of infection. Both males and females were able to transmit the infection to the next generation, although female-mediated transmission resulted in a higher prevalence of infected offspring. Malemediated venereal transmission was half as efficient as maternally-mediated transmission. Egg surface decontamination studies indicated that the main route of transmission is likely transovarial rather than transovum. Both male and female offspring were infected by their parents in similar proportions. Incorporating vertically-transmitted genotypes into virusbased insecticides could provide moderate levels of transgenerational pest control, thereby extending the periods between bioinsecticide applications.Publication Open Access Vertical transmission of the Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus and its application in biological control(2016) Virto Garayoa, Cristina; Caballero Murillo, Primitivo; Murillo Pérez, Rosa; Williams, Trevor; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaLas infestaciones de larvas de Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) son muy frecuentes en los cultivos de pimiento de los invernaderos de Almería. En estudios previos, la caracterización molecular e identificación de los aislados del nucleopoliedrovirus múltiple de S. exigua (SeMNPV; Baculoviridae) con mayor potencial insecticida así como el desarrollo de otras tecnologías (producción masiva y formulación) permitieron la obtención de un bioinsecticida que es más efectivo que los plaguicidas químicos convencionales para combatir las plagas de S. exigua en las condiciones de dichos invernaderos. Las aplicaciones de formulados de baculovirus se han realizado principalmente utilizando la modalidad de suelta inundativa, en la cual sólo cabe esperar que ejerza un efecto de control el inóculo liberado. Sin embargo, tras la aplicación de un tratamiento con baculovirus, además de la mortalidad producida por el inóculo liberado, se producen otros efectos sobre las sucesivas generaciones del insecto cuya repercusión en la regulación de las plagas que causa han sido poco estudiados. En esta tesis, básicamente se han analizado y cuantificado algunas interacciones huésped-baculovirus y se aportan datos cualitativos y cuantitativos que pueden servir de base para definir una metodología intermedia entre las sueltas de tipo inundativo e inoculativo.