Open Access
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet reduces mortality in the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain)
(Cambridge University Press, 2011) Buckland, Genevieve; Agudo, Antonio; Travier, Noemie; Huerta, José María; Cirera, Lluís; Tormo, María José; Navarro, Carmen; Chirlaque, María Dolores; Moreno Iribas, Conchi; Ardanaz, Eva; Barricarte Gurrea, Aurelio; Etxeberria Andueza, Jaione; Marín, Pilar; Quirós, J. Ramón; Redondo, María Luisa; Larrañaga, Nerea; Amiano, Pilar; Dorronsoro, Miren; Arriola, Larraitz; Basterretxea, Mikel; Sánchez, María José; Molina, Esther; González, Carlos A.; Estadística e Investigación Operativa; Estatistika eta Ikerketa Operatiboa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Epidemiological studies show that adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) increases longevity; however, few studies are restricted to Mediterranean populations or explore the effect of a MD pattern that directly incorporates olive oil. Therefore the relationship between adherence to the MD and mortality was studied within the the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain). The EPIC-Spain analysis included 40 622 participants (37·7% males) aged 29–69 years who were recruited from five Spanish regions in 1992–1996. During a mean follow-up of 13·4 years, 1855 deaths were documented: 913 from cancer, 399 from CVD, 425 from other causes and 118 from unknown causes of death. Risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality was assessed according to the level of adherence to a relative MD (rMED) score, measured using an 18-unit scale incorporating nine selected dietary components. A high compared with a low rMED score was associated with a significant reduction in mortality from all causes (hazard ratio (HR) 0·79; 95% CI 0·69, 0·91), from CVD (HR 0·66; 95% CI 0·49, 0·89), but not from overall cancer (HR 0·92; 95% CI 0·75, 1·12). A 2-unit increase in rMED score was associated with a 6% (P,0·001) decreased risk of all-cause mortality. A high olive oil intake and moderate alcohol consumption contributed most to this association. In this Spanish cohort, following an olive oil-rich MD was related to a significant reduction in all-cause mortality, and reduced the risk of mortality from CVD. These results support the important role that the MD pattern has on reducing mortality in Mediterranean countries.
Open Access
Possible role of chondroitin sulphate and glucosamine for primary prevention of colorectal cancer. Results from the MCC-Spain study
(Springer Nature, 2018) Ibáñez Sanz, Gemma; Díez Villanueva, Anna; Vilorio Marqués, Laura; Gracia, Esther; Aragonés, Nuria; Olmedo Requena, Rocío; Llorca, Javier; Vidán, Juana; Amiano, Pilar; Nos, Pilar; Fernández Tardón, Guillermo; Rada, Ricardo; Chirlaque, María Dolores; Guinó, Elisabet; Dávila Batista, Verónica; Castaño Vinyals, Gemma; Pérez Gómez, Beatriz; Mirón Pozo, Benito; Dierssen Sotos, Trinidad; Etxeberria Andueza, Jaione; Molinuevo, Amaia; Álvarez Cuenllas, Begoña; Kogevinas, Manolis; Pollán, Marina; Moreno, Víctor; Estadística e Investigación Operativa; Estatistika eta Ikerketa Operatiboa
A safe and effective colorectal cancer (CRC) chemoprevention agent remains to be discovered. We aim to evaluate the association between the use of glucosamine and/or chondroitin sulphate and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the MCC-Spain study, a case-control study performed in Spain that included 2140 cases of CRC and 3950 population controls. Subjects were interviewed on sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, family and medical history and regular drug use. Adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated. The reported frequency of chondroitin and/or glucosamine use was 2.03% in controls and 0.89% in cases. Users had a reduced risk of CRC (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.28–0.79), but it was no longer significant when adjusted for NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) use (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.47–1.40). A meta-analysis with previous studies suggested a protective effect, overall and stratified by NSAID use (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.62–0.97). We have not found strong evidence of an independent preventive effect of CG on CRC in our population because the observed effects of our study could be attributed to NSAIDs concurrent use. These results merit further research due to the safety profile of these drugs.
Open Access
Epidemiology of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs consumption in Spain. The MCC-Spain study
(BMC, 2018) Gómez Acebo, Inés; Dierssen Sotos, Trinidad; Pedro, María de; Pérez Gómez, Beatriz; Castaño Vinyals, Gemma; Fernández Villa, Tania; Palazuelos Calderón, Camilo; Amiano, Pilar; Etxeberria Andueza, Jaione; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas
Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used despite their risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or cardiovascular events. We report the profile of people taking NSAIDs in Spain, and we include demographic factors, health-related behaviours and cardiovascular disease history. Methods: Four thousand sixtyparticipants were selected using a pseudorandom number list from Family Practice lists in 12 Spanish provinces. They completed a face-to-face computerized interview on their NSAID consumption, demographic characteristics, body mass index, alcohol and tobacco consumption and medical history. In addition, participants completed a self-administered food-frequency and alcohol consumption questionnaire. Factors associated with ever and current NSAID consumption were identified by logistic regression. Results: Women consumed more non-aspirin NSAIDs (38.8% [36.7-41.0]) than men (22.3 [20.5-24.2]), but men consumed more aspirin (11.7% [10.3-13.2]) than women (5.2% [4.3-6.3]). Consumption of non-aspirin NSAIDs decrease with age from 44.2% (39.4-49.1) in younger than 45 to 21.1% (18.3-24.2) in older than 75, but the age-pattern for aspirin usage was the opposite. Aspirin was reported by about 11% patients, as being twice as used in men (11.7%) than in women (5.2%); its consumption increased with age from 1.7% (< 45 years old) to 12.4% (>= 75 years old). Aspirin was strongly associated with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors or established cardiovascular disease, reaching odds ratios of 15.2 (7.4-31.2) in women with acute coronary syndrome, 13.3 (6.2-28.3) in women with strokes and 11.1 (7.8-15.9) in men with acute coronary syndrome. Participants with cardiovascular risk factors or diseases consumed as much non-aspirin NSAID as participants without such conditions. Conclusions: Non-aspirin NSAIDs were more consumed by women and aspirin by men. The age patterns of aspirin and non-aspirin NSAIDs were opposite: the higher the age, the lower the non-aspirin NSAIDs usage and the higher the aspirin consumption. People with cardiovascular risk factors or diseases consumed more aspirin, but they did not decrease their non-aspirin NSAIDs usage.

Etxeberria Andueza, Jaione

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