Embargo
Rol enfermero en la rehabilitación de pacientes con ictus
(2025) Ballesteros Egüés, Tomás; Insausti Serrano, Ana María; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientzien Fakultatea
Introducción. Las enfermedades cerebrovasculares, segunda causa de muerte en España en 2022 y principal causa de discapacidad en adultos, demandan enfoques innovadores en rehabilitación. El rol del trabajo de enfermería es un pilar imprescindible en la coordinación de los distintos profesionales que participan en dicha rehabilitación. En este TFG, se muestra el trabajo integrador de enfermería en un proyecto de investigación de la UPNA que evalúa la terapia subacuática como alternativa para pacientes con secuelas de ictus Objetivo. Integración del rol enfermero como coordinador de un proyecto de investigación multidisciplinar que compara los efectos de la terapia subacuática frente a terapias convencionales de rehabilitación en el paciente con ictus. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática en Medline, Web of Science, Scopus y PEDro, seleccionando 21 artículos (2016-2025) según criterios como estudios clínicos con pacientes post-ictus. Resultados: La terapia acuática mejoró significativamente la marcha, el equilibrio, la fuerza muscular y la calidad de vida en el 60% de los casos, superando a las terapias tradicionales, y resaltó la importancia de cuidados de enfermería como la monitorización de riesgos y la educación del paciente durante el tratamiento. Conclusiones: La terapia acuática es una alternativa prometedora para la rehabilitación post-ictus, requiriendo formación especializada en enfermería para su implementación segura. Se está realizando un proyecto de investigación, enlazado con este TFG, donde Enfermería además asume un rol de coordinación.
Open Access
Novel sensorized additive manufacturing-based enlighted tooling concepts for aeronautical parts
(Springer Nature, 2024-07-31) Uralde Jiménez, Virginia; Veiga Suárez, Fernando; Suárez, Alfredo; López, Alberto; Goenaga, Igor; Ballesteros Egüés, Tomás; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
This paper presents lightweight tooling concepts based on additive manufacturing, with the aim of developing advanced tooling systems as well as installing sensors for real-time monitoring and control during the anchoring and manufacturing of aeronautical parts. Leveraging additive manufacturing techniques in the production of tooling yields benefits in manufacturing flexibility and material usage. These concepts transform traditional tooling systems into active, intelligent tools, improving the manufacturing process and part quality. Integrated sensors measure variables such as displacement, humidity and temperature allowing data analysis and correlation with process quality variables such as accuracy errors, tolerances achieved and surface finish. In addition to sensor integration, additive manufacturing by directed energy arc and wire deposition (DED-arc) has been selected for part manufacturing. The research includes the mechanical characterisation of the material and the microstructure of the material once manufactured by DED-arc. Design for additive manufacturing" principles guide the design process to effectively exploit the capabilities of DED-arc. These turrets, equipped with sensors, allow real-time monitoring and control of turret deformation during clamping and manufacturing of aeronautical parts. As a first step, deformation monitoring is carried out within the defined tolerance of ± 0.15, which allows a control point to be established in the turret. Future analysis of the sensor data will allow correlations with process quality variables to be established. Remarkably, the optimised version of the turret after applying DED technology weighed only 2.2 kg, significantly lighter than the original 6 kg version. Additive manufacturing and the use of lightweight structures for fixture fabrication, followed by the addition of sensors, provide valuable information and control, improving process efficiency and part quality. This research contributes to the development of intelligent and efficient tool systems for aeronautical applications.
Open Access
Development and tests of a neonatal portable foldable emergency incubator
(World Scientific, 2018-08-03) Ballesteros Egüés, Tomás; Arana Navarro, Ignacio; Pérez Ezcurdia, Amaya; Alfaro López, José Ramón; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
Open Access
Wall fabrication by direct energy deposition (DED) combining mild steel (ER70) and stainless steel (SS 316L): microstructure and mechanical properties
(MDPI, 2022) Uralde Jiménez, Virginia; Suárez, Alfredo; Aldalur, Eider; Veiga Suárez, Fernando; Ballesteros Egüés, Tomás; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza
Direct energy deposition is gaining much visibility in research as one of the most adaptable additive manufacturing technologies for industry due to its ease of application and high deposition rates. The possibility of combining these materials to obtain parts with variable mechanical properties is an important task to be studied. The combination of two types of steel, mild steel ER70-6 and stainless steel SS 316L, for the fabrication of a wall by direct energy deposition was studied for this paper. The separate fabrication of these two materials was studied for the microstructurally flawless fabrication of bimetallic walls. As a result of the application of superimposed and overlapped strategies, two walls were fabricated and the microstructure, mechanical properties and hardness of the resulting walls are analyzed. The walls obtained with both strategies present dissimilar regions; the hardness where the most present material is ER70-6 is around 380 HV, and for SS 316L, it is around 180 HV. The average values of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) are 869 and 628 MPa, yield strength (YS) are 584 and 389 MPa and elongation at break are 20% and 36%, respectively, in the cases where we have more ER70-6 in the sample than SS 316L. This indicates an important relationship between the distribution of the materials and their mechanical behavior.
Open Access
Advancements and methodologies in directed energy deposition (DED-Arc) manufacturing: design strategies, material hybridization, process optimization and artificial intelligence
(IntechOpen, 2024-09-27) Uralde Jiménez, Virginia; Suárez, Alfredo; Veiga Suárez, Fernando; Villanueva Roldán, Pedro; Ballesteros Egüés, Tomás; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
This chapter explores the latest advancements and methodologies in directed energy deposition (DED-arc) manufacturing. The introduction sets the stage for understanding the significance of these developments in the context of modern manufacturing needs. The discussion includes design strategies for DED-arc, emphasizing topological optimization, functional design, and generative design, alongside the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing design processes. Innovative approaches to material hybridization are detailed, focusing on both multilayer and in situ techniques for combining different materials to optimize component performance. The paper also covers slicing and pathing, examining slicing strategies, the use of lattice structures, and the implementation of 2D and 3D patterns to improve manufacturing efficiency and product quality. The conclusion summarizes key findings, discusses their implications for the additive manufacturing industry, and suggests potential future research directions in DED-arc technology, highlighting the emerging trends and innovations that are shaping the field.