Open Access
Is passive sport engagement positively associated with happiness?
(Wiley, 2020-10-06) Lera López, Fernando; Ollo López, Andrea; Sánchez-Santos, José Manuel; Economía; Ekonomia; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
Background: Previous empirical evidence has shown the positive relationship between happiness or subjective well-being (SWB) and sport participation. Nevertheless, passive sport participation has traditionally been ignored as a correlate with happiness. Methods: Based on a sample of 1,632 Spanish people, one ordered probit model and three extended ordered probit models with an ordinal endogenous covariate technique and robust standard errors were applied. Results: We find that different forms of passive sport participation, such as frequency of attending sporting events and a set of other forms of passive sports participation such aswatching sports on TV, listening to sports programmes, reading sports news, and talking to others about sports, are positively associated with happiness. Conclusions: The results indicate that passive sport participation generally appears to have a closer relationship with individual happiness than active sport participation and emphasise the role played by some forms of sport participation as a source of relational goods. This current research extends the field's understanding of sport participation and happiness, including passive participation, and the relevance of social interactions to account for this association. Finally, the relational aspect of different forms of sport participation offers new implications for the analysis of sport engagement and happiness.
Open Access
Home-based telework: usefulness and facilitators
(Emerald, 2020) Ollo López, Andrea; Goñi Legaz, Salomé; Erro Garcés, Amaya; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Gestión de Empresas
Purpose: This article aims to analyze individual-, organizational- and country-level factors that determine the use of home-based telework across Europe according to the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the technology–organization–environment model. Design/methodology/approach: To examine the impact of individual-, organizational- and country-level factors on telework, multilevel models are estimated to prevent problems derived from biased standard errors when micro- and macro-level data are combined. Findings: The main findings show that, according to the usefulness side of the TAM, employees with family responsibilities, those that live away from their work and highly qualified workers use more home-based telework. Additionally, and according to the ease of use side of the TAM, empowerment in firms facilitates home-based telework. At the country level, lower power distance, individualism and femininity, better telework regulations and technology developments are also facilitators of home-based telework. Research limitations/implications: The study is limited by the cross-sectional nature of the data. This prevents the estimation of causal effects. Additional research would benefit from the use of panel data and from a more detailed analysis of the effects of country dimensions. Practical implications: From an applied perspective, politics related to cultural dimensions are suggested to stimulate home-based telework. Originality/value: The research contributes to previous literature by: (1) considering a large sample to conduct an empirical analysis of the use of home-based telework across Europe, (2) including micro and macro factors, (3) providing a theoretical framework to explain home-based telework, (4) applying a rigorous definition of home-based telework and (5) focusing on employees who are able to adopt home-based telework.
Open Access
Are public employees more satisfied than private ones? The mediating role of job demands and job resources
(Emerald, 2021) Gastearena Balda, María Lourdes; Ollo López, Andrea; Larraza Kintana, Martín; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
Purpose – This paper aims to compare job satisfaction in public and private sectors and the mediating role of several job demands and resources on the relationship between the employment sector and job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on the job demands-resources model, this study argued that differences in job satisfaction were explained largely by the job characteristics provided in each sector. Data comes from the quality of working life survey, a representative sample of 6,024 Spanish public and private employees. Findings – This study revealed that public employees were more satisfied than private ones. This relationship was partially mediated by job demands and job resources, meaning that the public and private employment sectors provided different working conditions. Public employees, in general, had fewer demands and more job resources than private ones, which resulted in different levels of job satisfaction. Additionally, partial mediation indicated that public employees are more satisfied than private ones, despite accounting for several job demands and job resources. Research limitations/implications – While the findings of this study highlighted the relative importance of job demands and job resources in affecting job satisfaction of public and private employees, the generalizability of the results to other countries should be limited as the study only used data from a single country. Practical implications – A significant portion of the positive effect on job satisfaction of public employees is channeled through the lower levels of routine work and lower number of required working hours and through better job resources such as higher salary, more telework, greater prospects at work and more training utility. To improve job satisfaction, it is apparent that managers should pay special attention to things such as routine work, working hours, training and telework. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the comprehension of how several job demands and resources simultaneously play a mediating role in explaining the relationship between the employment sector and job satisfaction.
Open Access
Langile publikoen Lan Bizitzaren Kalitatea (LBK)
(Udako Euskal Unibertsitatea, 2017) Gastearena Balda, María Lourdes; Ollo López, Andrea; Larraza Kintana, Martín; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
Lan honen helburua da aztertzea zein diren determinatzaileaklangile publiko eta pribatuen Laneko Bizitzaren Kalitatea (LBK), ikusteko diferentziak ote dauden, eta ikusteko, halaber, kontratu finkoa edo behin-behinekoa izateak eragina ote duenlangileen LBKn. Horretarako aurkezten dugu Laneko Eskakizunen eta Baliabideen Teoria (LEB) izeneko erreferentzia esparrua, zeinaren bidez azaltzen baita, lan inguruneko eskakizunek eta baliabideek sortzen dituzten efektuen bidez, nola nabaritzen dituen langileak ondorio zuzenak eta zeharkakoak bere osasunean eta ongizatean. Emaitzek erakusten dute handiagoa dela langile publikoen eta kontratu finkodunen LBK, gogobetetasunaren arabera neurtzen badugu.
Open Access
Sexual harassment in non-profit organizations: organizational dysfunctions or harasser's behavior?
(Academy of Management, 2021) Núñez Aldaz, Imanol; Ollo López, Andrea; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Gestión de Empresas
In 2018, the media spotlight fell on several high-profile non-profit organizations (NPOs) in connection with sexual harassment (SH). Since then, a flood of SH cases has severely impacted the image and reputation of the non-profit sector. NPOs have been accused of attempting to cover up SH and, in some cases, of leniency towards the harassers. However, these claims have not been rigorously investigated. In this paper, we study the role and behavior of harassers and argue that they may target organizations operating in the nonprofit sector owing to specific conditions that enable them to avoid detection and punishment. We argue that an environment advantageous to those who perpetrate harassment is created by several exogenous (non-organizational) factors, such as the vulnerability of aid recipients, the lack of legal protection of volunteers, and, in some cases, the cultural tolerance of discrimination against women. From this novel perspective, traditional anti-SH policies that focus on reacting to harassment and supporting the victim are viewed as necessary—but insufficient—approaches to the problem. We therefore propose a series of complementary policies that enable NPOs to adapt their operational environments in order to curb SH.
Open Access
Presenteeism as a moral hazard problem: implications for the human resource management
(Cambridge University Press, 2023-02-01) Ollo López, Andrea; Núñez Aldaz, Imanol; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
Information asymmetry about the employee's state of health means that workers may decide to work (or not) when they are sick, which turns presenteeism into a principal-agent relationship. From this new perspective, presenteeism can be explained by some distinct and original factors such as implicit incentives related to motivation and a sense of autonomy (empowerment, job usefulness, and recognition) and explicit incentives given by wages and other non-economic benefits (training and career prospects). In a sample of European workers using multilevel (by country) Tobit models, we find that short-term incentives and workers' empowerment increase presenteeism, while long-term incentives reduce it. As expected, supervision is ineffective in controlling presenteeism, while relationships based on trust have a positive impact. Finally, we propose several practices related to incentives, training, monitoring, occupational health and safety and job design specifically intended to manage presenteeism and its consequences in six areas of the human resources function.
Open Access
Beyond the headlines: understanding the organizational dynamics of sector-specific sexual harassment
(Emerald, 2024-12-03) Núñez Aldaz, Imanol; Ollo López, Andrea; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
Purpose – Sexual harassment, a global concern, varies in prevalence across sectors. This article analyzes in detail the higher prevalence of harassment in these sectors. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on data from a representative sample of European workers and using the inductive method, we posit four propositions regarding the organizational dynamics in four different sector-specific scenarios. Findings – Contrary to perception, our research finds no conclusive evidence supporting a higher prevalence of sexual harassment within the armed forces. Economic and labor conditions drive sexual harassment in the entertainment industry, while the hospitality and non-profit sectors exhibit an elevated incidence potentially attributed to environmental factors. The healthcare industry presents a concerning scenario, with heightened prevalence due solely to organizational. Originality/value – The originality of the paperis in its focus on how external and environmental factors, rather than just internal organizational mechanisms, contribute to sector-specific dynamics of sexual harassment. This approach provides deeper insights for developing tailored interventions and prevention strategies across different sectors.
Open Access
Actividad física y salud autopercibida en personas mayores de 50 años
(Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 2017) Lera López, Fernando; Garrués Irisarri, Mirian; Ollo López, Andrea; Sánchez Iriso, Eduardo; Cabasés Hita, Juan Manuel; Sánchez-Santos, José Manuel; Economía; Ekonomia; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
El propósito del estudio es analizar los posibles efectos de la actividad física sobre la salud autopercibida. Para ello, se encuestó a 765 personas entre 50-70 años durante 2012 en España. Se utilizó el cuestionario internacional de actividad física (IPAQ) para estimar el equivalente metabólico de la tarea (MET) total y en cuatro ámbitos: trabajo, ocio, hogar y desplazamientos. La salud auto-percibida se obtuvo de la escala visual analógica del EQ-5D-5L. Los resultados muestran que únicamente el gasto energético de actividad física en el tiempo de ocio incide positivamente en el nivel de salud percibido, el resto de ámbitos no tienen influencia significativa. Asimismo, la autopercepción de la salud es más negativa con mayor edad, menor nivel educativo y mayor frecuencia de uso de servicios sanitarios. En conclusión, la actividad física desarrollada en el tiempo libre podría plantearse como alternativa para mejorar la calidad de vida de los mayores.
Open Access
How the relationship between physical activity and health changes with age
(Springer, 2018-03-28) Lera López, Fernando; Ollo López, Andrea; Garrués Irisarri, Mirian; Cabasés Hita, Juan Manuel; Sánchez Iriso, Eduardo; Economía; Ekonomia; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
In the context of age-related declines in physical activity (PA) and the dramatic increase in ageing populations in many countries, this paper sheds further light on the link between PA and self-perceived health (SPH) by examining whether the magnitude of this relationship is age specific. With a sample of 14,456 Spanish individuals aged 18–69, we estimated three levels of intensity in PA using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Individuals who did more PA per week showed higher levels of SPH (β = 0.28; 95% CI 0.24–0.32), and age moderated this relationship, with a positive effect over age 49. People aged 50–59 and 60–69 who practiced PA had higher probabilities of better SPH compared with those aged 40–49 (β = 0.14; 95% CI 0.04–0.24) and (β = 0.32; 95% CI 0.21–0.43), respectively. This association between PA and SPH also depended on the intensity of PA, especially for walking (β = 0.14; 95% CI 0.04–0.24). In particular, in comparison with people age 40–49, a statistically significant relationship with SPH was found among people age 50–59 who walked (β = 0.22; 95% CI 0.07–0.36) and people age 60–69 who did moderate PA (β = 0.38; 95% CI 0.23–0.54). This paper provides a major rationale for the design, organisation and implementation of public policies promoting PA and healthy ageing for different age groups.
Open Access
Key image attributes to elicit likes and comments on Instagram
(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Olarte-Pascual, Cristina; Ollo López, Andrea; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
This article spotlights the relationship between likes and com-ments and the content of tourism photographs on Instagramwith the aim of understanding users¿behavior and, thus, help-ing destination management organizations. Based on thestimulus-organism-response model, a content analysis wasconducted of 1,094 pictures that received 131,116,800 likesand 2,859,448 comments. By combining content analysis andregression analysis, the results show that Instagrammers¿responses are influenced differently by different picture attrib-utes, resulting in dissimilar behavior with regard to likes andcomments. Specifically, likes, as immediate reactions, tend tobe driven by content featuring people, views, or commonhabits. In contrast, comments, which require greater effort onthe part of the Instagrammer, are elicited by the topic of festi-vals or hotels, colors such as cream, green, orange, or yellow,images of water or animals, and images featuring tourist activ-ities, mostly at night. Multi-image or fake pictures negativelyimpact likes. By analyzing the content of the information pro-vided by the uploaded photographs, a typology of photo-graphic attributes is developed to offer clues for destinationmanagement organizations to enhance engagement withpotential customers and Instagram users.