Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor
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Socorro Leránoz
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Abián Bentor
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Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
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ISC. Institute of Smart Cities
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Publication Open Access Automated forearm prosthesis controlling using fiber bragg grating sensor(Sociedade Brasileira de Microondas e Optoeletrônica e Sociedade Brasileira de Eletromagnetismo, 2023) Valera Rialto Júnior, Péricles; Dureck, Eduardo Henrique; Kalinowski, Alessandra; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Cardozo da Silva, Jean Carlos; Lazzaretti, André Eugenio; Dreyer, Uilian José; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenThis paper describes the automation of a forearm prosthesis using the signal collected by a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor. The FBG sensor is applied to one subject's forearm to measure the deformation as a result of the index and middle fingers when moved individually. It is possible to control a one joint model prosthesis allied to a compliant hand mechanism through signal analyses. Each finger movement has its features, such as its amplitude, which opens the possibility of using those to control different parts of the prosthesis, joint rotation by the middle finger, and compliant hand movement by the index finger. This paper presents results regarding prosthesis assembling, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) communication latency between prosthesis and computer and tests with pre-acquired and processed FBG signal data. The prosthesis wrist rotation movement is related to the middle finger signal, and its compliant mechanism actuation is due to index finger signal. The communication between prosthesis and the computer had a mean latency of 140 ms and a standard deviation of 18 ms. The results demonstrate the potential for using the sensor system and automated prosthesis in other applications involving real-time forearm sensing, multi-finger signal analysis, and prosthetic movement.Publication Open Access Asymmetrically and symmetrically coated tapered optical fiber for sensing applications(SPIE, 2015) Del Villar, Ignacio; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta ElektronikoaThe deposition of a non-metallic thin-film in a symmetrically coated tapered optical fiber leads to the generation of resonances due to guidance of a mode in the thin-film. At certain conditions, the resonances overlap each other, which can be avoided with an asymmetric coated tapered optical fiber, which permits to obtain resonances for TM and TE polarization separately. Numerical results showing the sensitivity to coating thickness and surrounding medium refractive index are also presented for both polarizations.Publication Open Access Optical fiber immunosensors optimized with cladding etching and ITO nanodeposition(IEEE, 2018) Cardona-Maya, Yamile; Del Villar, Ignacio; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Botero-Cadavid, Juan F.; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako GobernuaEtched optical fiber immunosensors, with and without ITO nanodeposition, have been developed. The performance of these immunosensors has been assessed implementing an immunoassay. The sensitivity of the mmnunosensor increased by a factor of 4 with the ITO nanocoating, whereas the limit of the detection in both types of devices was 0.2 mg/L of antigens in solution.Publication Open Access Increasing the sensitivity of an optic level sensor with a wavelength and phase sensitive single-mode multimode single-mode (SMS) fiber structure(IEEE, 2017) Fuentes Lorenzo, Omar; Del Villar, Ignacio; Vento Álvarez, José Raúl; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Gallego Martínez, Elieser Ernesto; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y ElectrónicaThe sensitivity of a liquid level sensor based on a single-mode-multimode-single-mode fiber structure has been increased by hydrofluoric acid etching. The etching process was analyzed and monitored both theoretical and experimentally, which permitted to observe that a sinusoidal spectrum can be obtained for low diameters. As an example, a 2.77 fold sensitivity increase was attained by etching from diameter 125 to 50 μm. Moreover, the sinusoidal shape of the optical spectrum permitted to monitor liquid level changes both in wavelength and phase. The cross sensitivity of the sensor to refractive index and temperature was also studied.Publication Open Access Optical sensors based on lossy-mode resonances(Elsevier Science, 2017) Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ascorbe Muruzabal, Joaquín; Acha Morrás, Nerea de; López Torres, Diego; Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Sánchez Zábal, Pedro; Urrutia Azcona, Aitor; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Rivero Fuente, Pedro J.; Hernáez Sáenz de Zaitigui, Miguel; Elosúa Aguado, César; Goicoechea Fernández, Javier; Bariáin Aisa, Cándido; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Del Villar, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISCPublication Open Access Sensors based on thin-film coated cladding removed multimode optical fiber and single-mode multimode single-mode fiber: a comparative study(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015) Del Villar, Ignacio; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Hernáez Sáenz de Zaitigui, Miguel; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Sánchez Zábal, Pedro; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta ElektronikoaTwo simple optical fibre structures that do not require the inscription of a grating, a cladding removed multimode optical fibre (CRMOF) and a single-mode multimode single-mode structure (SMS), are compared in terms of their adequateness for sensing once they are coated with thin-films.The thin-film deposited (TiO2/PSS) permits increasing the sensitivity to surrounding medium refractive index. The results obtained can be extrapolated to other fields such as biological or chemical sensing just by replacing the thin-film by a specific material.Publication Open Access Temperature sensor based on a hybrid ITOsilica resonant cavity(Optical Society of America, 2015) Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Soltani, Soheil; Del Villar, Ignacio; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Armani, Andrea M.; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaIntegrated optical devices comprised of multiple material systems are able to achieve unique performance characteristics, enabling applications in sensing and in telecommunications. Due to ease of fabrication, the majority of previous work has focused on polymer-dielectric or polymer-semiconductor systems. However, the environmental stability of polymers is limited. In the present work, a hybrid device comprised of an indium tin oxide (ITO) coating on a silicon dioxide toroidal resonant cavity is fabricated. Finite element method simulations of the optical field in the multi-material device are performed, and the optical mode profile is significantly altered by the high index film. The quality factor is also measured and is material loss limited. Additionally, its performance as a temperature sensor is characterized. Due to the high thermo-optic coefficient of ITO and the localization of the optical field in the ITO layer, the hybrid temperature sensor demonstrates a nearly 3-fold improvement in performance over the conventional silica device.Publication Open Access Multimode – coreless – multimode fiber-based sensors: theoretical and experimental study(IEEE, 2019) San Fabián García, Noé; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Del Villar, Ignacio; Díaz Lucas, Silvia; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de ComunicaciónThis paper presents a complete study on the spectral behavior of a multimode-coreless-multimode fiber-optic structure, as well as its application as a refractometer and a liquid level sensor. The combination of two standard multimode fibers fused to a coreless fiber segment allows generating narrow interferometric bands in the optical spectrum, whose sensitivity can be improved by an adequate selection of the dimensions of the device (the coreless segment length and the diameter of the sensing area). A second way to improve the performance of the device is to deposit a thin film of SnO2, which allows increasing the sensitivity up to 314 nm/RIU. This widens the number of applications where this structure can be used. As an example, a liquid level sensor with 0.73 nm/mm sensitivity is presented.Publication Open Access Direct functionalization of TiO2/PSS sensing layer for an LMR-based optical fiber reusable biosensor(IEEE, 2023) Santano Rivero, Desiree; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Del Villar, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, PJUPNA2033Functionalization plays a crucial role in the development of biosensors. In this study, bioreceptors were directly immobilized onto the surface of a sensing layer after physical activation, avoiding the need for longer and more complex functionalization systems. This direct immobilization was applied to an optical sensing platform based on lossy mode resonances (LMRs) generated by a thin-film of titanium (IV) dioxide/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (TiO 2 /PSS). To generate the LMR, a 200-micron bare optical fiber was coated with TiO 2 /PSS using the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique. The PSS of the sensing layer was then physically activated using either UV-ozone or plasma to immobilize anti-rabbit IgG bioreceptors. This enabled specific and label-free detection of rabbit IgG concentrations ranging from 0.002 to 2 mg/ml. The results presented in this work include real-time detection of rabbit IgG, a comparison between the two activation techniques (UV-ozone and plasma), and an analysis of the biosensor’s reusability over four consecutive cycles, which demonstrates the promising potential of the TiO 2 /PSS sensing layer for biosensing applications.Publication Open Access Etched LPFGs in reflective configuration for sensitivity and attenuation band depth increase(IEEE, 2016) Del Villar, Ignacio; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Cruz, José Luis; Rego, Gaspar; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta ElektronikoaA reflection configuration setup for long-period fiber gratings is presented. It permits to obtain a unique band with attenuation double than that obtained in transmission configuration, which is interesting for applications where this value is reduced (e.g., the mode transition phenomenon). The method is based on the deposition of a silver mirror at the end of the optical fiber, which permits to absorb the power transmitted through cladding modes and to avoid the generation of interferometric bands. The method also solves the requirement of a precise cleave or to polish the end of the grating, a drawback present in other publications. The versatility of the setup has been proved by application of the cladding etching technique until the attenuation band corresponding with the first guided mode in the cladding is visualized in an optical spectrum analyzer. The experimental results are supported by the numerical data obtained with a method based on the exact calculation of core and cladding modes and the utilization of coupled mode theory