Open Access
Covid-19 lockdown and wine consumption frequency in Portugal and Spain
(Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 2021) Rebelo, João; Compés, Raúl; Faria, Samuel; Gonçalves, Tânia; Pinilla Navarro, Vicente; Simón Elorz, Katrin; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Gestión de Empresas
Aim of study: this study aims to analyse how psychological factors related to the Covid-19 lockdown affected the frequency of wine consumption among Iberian consumers. Area of study: to achieve this goal, we used data collected from an online survey in Europe comprising 4489 observations from Portuguese and Spanish samples. Material and methods: Using an ordered probit model, we analysed the wine consumption frequency as a function of a set of explanatory variables related to psychological factors and also sociodemographic variables, motivation-related variables and consumption characterisation. Main results: for Spanish respondents the fear of isolation was a decisive factor in increasing the probability of a higher frequency of wine consumption. Meanwhile, in Portugal, the fear of an economic crisis was the psychological factor leading to a higher consumption frequency. Research highlights: in both countries, psychological factors influenced the frequency of wine consumption during the lockdown due to Covid-19. However, the impact of the Covid-19 crisis has been felt differently in Spain and Portugal. Differences can be observed in both psychological and behavioural attitudes that have influenced the frequency of wine consumption and could also indicate significant cultural differences.
Open Access
The shock of lockdown on the spending on wine in the Iberian market: the effects of procurement and consumption patterns
(Emerald, 2021) Compés, Raúl; Faria, Samuel; Gonçalves, Tânia; Rebelo, João; Pinilla Navarro, Vicente; Simón Elorz, Katrin; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
Purpose: this study aims to provide a better understanding of the behaviour of wine consumers in a completely new and unexpected setting, that is, a forced lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It seeks to explain consumer decisions and the probability of changes occurring in wine expenditure compared to a normal situation. Design/methodology/approach: the empirical analysis, conducted on a representative sample of Iberian consumers and based on the random utility theory, consists in the application of a multinomial logit model, setting the 'usual' pattern of expenditure as a baseline category. Findings: the results show that the coronavirus pandemic could have changed alcohol drinking habits. Consumers generally spent less on wine during the lockdown, maybe due to the uncertainty regarding their future income and professional situation. Those people more likely to spend more on wine were those who increased their wine consumption during the lockdown, those who drank for romantic purposes, those who purchased less wine in supermarkets but more online, those who used a wine app and those living in urban areas. The increased consumption of other alcoholic beverages also increases the probability of spending less than usual on wine. Additionally, the absence of certain reasons for drinking wine other than social purposes, such as wine and food pairing, its taste and relaxing effects, together with the previous consumption pattern leads to a decrease in the probability of spending less per bottle. Originality/value: This paper makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the determinants of wine consumption in a very abnormal setting, an imposed lockdown and provides important policy implications. The findings show that managers and policymakers should pay attention to the different influence of variables related to behaviour and consumption patterns that may contribute to an increase in the demand for less expensive wines. Specifically, they should focus on new consumption patterns that may arise, adapting the supply chain and defining appropriate marketing strategies to fill new market segments.
Open Access
Empresas de alto crecimiento en Colombia y España
(Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, 2021) Simón Elorz, Katrin; Melgarejo, Zuray; Ciro, Diana; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
Las empresas que más crecen, han despertado un importante interés en el ámbito científico, dada su relevancia para comprender la tendencia de su crecimiento. En este artículo se aborda la identificación de las EAC en el sector industrial manufacturero de Colombia y España, durante el periodo 2012-2015. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las principales características demográficas y contextuales de estas empresas y determinar su perfil, incorporando las aportaciones más recientes de la literatura económica. Los resultados principales evidencian que la edad y la localización geográfica tienen una relación directa respecto al crecimiento empresarial acelerado.
Open Access
Did wine consumption change during the Covid-19 lockdown in France, Italy, Spain, and Portugal?
(Cambridge University Press, 2021) Dubois, Magalie; Agnoli, Lara; Cardebat, Jean-Marie; Compés, Raúl; Faye, Benoit; Frick, Bernd; Gaeta, Davide; Giraud-Héraud, Eric; Le Fur, Eric; Livat, Florine; Malorgio, Giulio; Masset, Philippe; Meloni, Giulia; Pinilla Navarro, Vicente; Rebelo, João; Rossetto, Luca; Schamel, Günter; Simón Elorz, Katrin; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Gestión de Empresas
This article documents how the COVID-19 crisis has affected the drinking behavior of Latin European wine consumers. Using a large online survey conducted during the first lockdown inFrance, Italy, Portugal, and Spain (n= 7,324 individuals), we reconstruct the purchasing and consumption patterns of the respondents. The number of people who maintained their wine consumption frequency is significantly higher than those who increased or decreased their consumption. Wine consumption frequency held up better than other types of alcohol (beer andspirits). We analyze heterogeneities among countries and individuals by employing the Marascuilo procedure and an ordered logit model. The latter identifies the impact of demographic, commercial, and psychosocial factors on wine consumption frequency. The results shed light on changes in wine consumer behavior during the first lockdown and consider possible post-lockdown trends that could be useful to industry players.
Open Access
Resilience and performance of wine cooperatives in Castilla-La-Mancha (Spain) during a period of financial crisis
(Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (Argentina), 2022) Simón Elorz, Katrin; Castillo Valero, J. S.; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
La crisis económica ha tenido un efecto asimétrico en las economías españolas a nivel nacional y regional/local. Este estudio analiza las estrategias desarrolladas por las bodegas cooperativas de Castilla-La Mancha (CLM) y su impacto en las medidas de rendimiento. Se ha optado por un estudio exploratorio basado en una compilación de estados financieros, se ha definido como medidas de rendimiento los tradicionales ratios de rentabilidad económico-financiera (ROA, ROI, ROS) y adicionalmente un análisis específico: Rendimiento para el socio cooperativista (ROC). También se han incluido dos ratios financieros: Liquidez y Apalancamiento. El dinamismo comercial es el sello distintivo de las cooperativas vitivinícolas de CLM como acción estratégica ante la crisis, y su resiliencia es patente en la conquista de mercados exteriores a través de bajos costes unitarios, que se han trasladado a los precios de venta. En este trabajo se incluyen las implicaciones para la comprensión de la resiliencia de las bodegas cooperativas durante el período de crisis. La coherencia de los resultados proporciona un contexto para promover el modelo cooperativo, como factor esencial de la economía social. Este documento responde a una necesidad identificada de mostrar el modelo cooperativo como el modelo más resistente en el ámbito agrícola y como dinamizador en el desarrollo rural.
Open Access
Circular fashion: cluster analysis to define advertising strategies
(MDPI, 2022) Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Ollo López, Andrea; Simón Elorz, Katrin; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 provides a catalogue of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). In this context, Circular fashion stands out as one of the sectors where commitment to the SDGs is most needed, given its global nature and its significant growth in terms of consumption. Moreover, it is not possible to assert that society, in general, is aware of the importance of the principles that guide circularity, both in terms of awareness and attitudes. In this study, through cluster analysis, five different segments have been identified with divergent characteristics in terms of level of maturity regarding principles of circular fashion and/or benefits and/or enablers of related communication tools. Social and personal characteristics make it possible to contrast the differences in consumer behavior, as well as relevant aspects, such as willingness to pay more for circular fashion. The present study will help to fill the gap in research between the awareness and attitudes of consumers in circular fashion and propose different strategies for the industry and institutions to develop the concept of sustainability regarding circular fashion.