Person:
Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo

person.page.identifierURI

https://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/50128

Last Name

Ursúa Rubio

First Name

Alfredo

person.page.departamento

Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación

person.page.instituteName

ISC. Institute of Smart Cities

ORCID

0000-0001-6240-8659

person.page.upna

3245

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 36

Open Access
State of health estimation of second-life lithium-ion batteries under real profile operation
(Elsevier, 2022) Braco Sola, Elisa; San Martín Biurrun, Idoia; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Stroe, Daniel-Ioan; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
The economic viability of second-life (SL) Li-ion batteries from electric vehicles (EVs) is still uncertain nowadays. Assessing the internal state of reused cells is key not only at the repurposing stage but also during their SL operation. As an alternative of the traditional capacity tests used to this end, the estimation of State of Health (SOH) allows to reduce the testing time and the need of equipment, thereby reinforcing the economic success of SL batteries. However, the estimation of SOH in real SL operation has been rarely analysed in literature. This contribution aims thus to cover this gap, by focusing on the experimental assessment of SOH estimation in reused modules from Nissan Leaf EVs under two SL scenarios: a residential household with self-consumption and a fast charge station for EVs. By means of partial charge and experimental data from cycling and calendar ageing tests, accuracy and robustness of health indicators is firstly assessed. Then, SOH estimation is carried out using real profiles, covering a SOH range from 91.3 to 31%. Offline assessment led to RMSE values of 0.6% in the residential profile and 0.8% in the fast charge station, with a reduction in testing times of 85% compared to a full capacity test. In order to avoid the interruption of battery operation, online assessment in profiles was also analysed, obtaining RMSE values below 1.3% and 3.6% in the residential and charging station scenarios, respectively. Therefore, the feasibility of SOH estimation in SL profiles is highlighted, as it allows to get accurate results reducing testing times or even without interrupting normal operation.
Open Access
Fast capacity and internal resistance estimation method for second-life batteries from electric vehicles
(Elsevier, 2023) Braco Sola, Elisa; San Martín Biurrun, Idoia; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
The success of second-life (SL) Li-ion batteries from electric vehicles is still conditioned by their technical and economic viability. The knowledge of the internal parameters of retired batteries at the repurposing stage is key to ensure their adequate operation and to enlarge SL lifetime. However, traditional characterization methods require long testing times and specific equipment, which result in high costs that may jeopardize the economic viability of SL. In the seek of optimizing the repurposing stage, this contribution proposes a novel fast characterization method that allows to estimate capacity and internal resistance at various state of charge for reused cells, modules and battery packs. Three estimation models are proposed. The first of them is based on measurements of AC resistance, the second on DC resistance and the third combines both resistance types. These models are validated in 506 cells, 203 modules and 3 battery packs from different Nissan Leaf vehicles. The results achieved are satisfactory, with mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) below 2.5% at cell and module level in capacity prediction and lower than 2.4% in resistance estimation. Considering battery pack level, MAPE is below 4.2% and 1.8% in capacity and resistance estimation respectively. With the proposed method, testing times are reduced from more than one day to 2 min per cell, while energy consumption is lowered from 1.4 kWh to 1 Wh. In short, this study contributes to the reduction of repurposing procedures and costs, and ultimately to the success of SL batteries business model.
Open Access
Asymmetrical firing angle modulation for 12-pulse thyristor rectifiers supplying high-power electrolyzers
(IEEE, 2023) Iribarren Zabalegui, Álvaro; Barrios Rípodas, Ernesto; Elizondo Martínez, David; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
This paper presents an asymmetrical firing angle modulation strategy for 12-pulse thyristor rectifiers aimed at supplying high-power electrolyzers, which allows to reduce the size of the passive filter and the static compensator (STATCOM) required to comply with grid harmonic regulations and achieve unity power factor. Usually, 12-pulse thyristor rectifiers follow a symmetric modulation strategy in which the same firing angle is applied to both 6-pulse bridges. In this case, large passive ac-side inductances are required to reduce grid current harmonics, which increase the reactive power consumption and thus the required STATCOM size. However, this paper demonstrates that by applying different firing angles to the two 6-pulse bridges it is possible to comply with the harmonic regulation limits using smaller filtering inductances and therefore reducing the STATCOM size. The methodology to find the optimal firing angle values that should be applied in order to minimize the filtering inductance and the STATCOM size for a given electrolyzer is explained. This strategy is validated by simulation, and results show that the required filtering inductance and the apparent power of the STATCOM can be effectively reduced by 62% and 31%, respectively, using this asymmetrical firing angle modulation.
Open Access
Incremental capacity analysis of lithium-ion second-life batteries from electric vehicles under cycling ageing
(IEEE, 2021) Braco Sola, Elisa; San Martín Biurrun, Idoia; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Nowadays, the reuse of batteries from electric vehicles is considered a promising solution to benefit from their remaining energy and extend their lifespan. Yet, the economic viability of these second-life batteries is still uncertain, and the optimization of testing at their reconfiguration stage and during their lifetime is the key to ensure their success. This paper aims to assess Incremental Capacity Analysis technique in Nissan Leaf modules during their second-life use, in order to evaluate both its potential as an State of Health estimator and as a tool to identify underlying degradation mechanisms. Despite the different internal state and ageing rates observed between the tested modules, ICA is found to be consistent at similar SOH levels. The influence of ageing, current and temperature on ICA is evaluated through an accelerated cycling test. Results show that ICA is a promising alternative to estimate SOH during second life even at currents up to C/2 and testing temperatures of 45 °C. However, testing by accelerated currents and temperatures is not recommended for the identification of degradation mechanisms.
Open Access
Dynamic modeling of a pressurized alkaline water electrolyzer: a multiphysics approach
(IEEE, 2023) Iribarren Zabalegui, Álvaro; Elizondo Martínez, David; Barrios Rípodas, Ernesto; Ibaiondo, Harkaitz; Sánchez Ruiz, Alain; Arza, Joseba; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
In this paper a dynamic model for the simulation of pressurized alkaline water electrolyzers is presented. The model has been developed following a multiphysics approach, integrating electrochemical, thermodynamic, heat transfer and gas evolution processes in order to faithfully reproduce the complete dynamical behavior of these systems. The model has been implemented on MATLAB/Simulink and validated through experimental data from a 1 Nm3/h commercial alkaline water electrolyzer. Validations have been performed under real scenarios where the electrolyzer is working with power profiles characteristic from renewable sources, wind and photovoltaic. The simulated results have been found to be consistent with the real measured values. This model has a great potential to predict the behavior of alkaline water electrolyzers coupled with renewable energy sources, making it a very useful tool for designing efficient green hydrogen production systems.
Open Access
Identification of critical parameters for the design of energy management algorithms for Li-ion batteries operating in PV power plants
(IEEE, 2020) Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Soto Cabria, Adrián; Marcos Álvarez, Javier; Parra Laita, Íñigo de la; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, ReBMS PJUPNA1904; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, 0011-1411-2018-000029 GERA
Lithium-ion batteries are gaining importance for a variety of applications due to their price decrease and characteristics improvement. For a proper use of such storage systems, an energy management algorithm (EMA) is required. A number of EMAs, with various characteristics, have been published recently, given the diverse nature of battery problems. The EMA of deterministic battery problems is usually based on an optimization algorithm. The selection of such an algorithm depends on a few problem characteristics, which need to be identified and closely analyzed. The aim of this article is to identify the critical optimization problem parameters that determine the most suitable EMA for a Li-ion battery. With this purpose, the starting point is a detailed model of a Li-ion battery. Three EMAs based on the algorithms used to face deterministic problems, namely dynamic, linear, and quadratic programming, are designed to optimize the energy dispatch of such a battery. Using real irradiation and power price data, the results of these EMAs are compared for various case studies. Given that none of the EMAs achieves the best results for all analyzed cases, the problem parameters that determine the most suitable algorithm are identified to be four, i.e., desired computation intensity, characteristics of the battery aging model, battery energy and power capabilities, and the number of optimization variables, which are determined by the number of energy storage systems, the length of the optimization problem, and the desired time step.
Open Access
Inertial response and inertia emulation in DFIG and PMSG wind turbines: emulating inertia from a supercapacitor-based energy storage system
(IEEE, 2021) Sacristán Sillero, Javier; Goñi, Naiara; Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; López Taberna, Jesús; Rodríguez Rabadan, José Luis; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
The increasing wind power penetration in electrical power systems results in a reduction of operative conventional power plants. These plants include synchronous generators directly connected to the grid. Facing a change in grid frequency, these generators inherently respond by varying their stored kinetic energy and their output power, which contributes to grid stability. Such a response is known as inertial response. Wind turbines (WTs) are mostly based on Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) or Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) machines. Their power electronics interface decouples the electromechanical behaviour of the generator from the power grid, making their inertial response null or insignificant. Therefore, in order not to weaken the frequency response of the power system, WTs must be able to react to frequency variations by changing their output power, i.e., emulating an inertial response. Common techniques for inertia emulation in WTs rely on pitch control and stored kinetic energy variation. This contribution proposes a strategy (applicable for both DFIG and PMSG) which uses the energy stored in a supercapacitor connected to the back-to-back converter DC link to emulate the inertial response. Its performance is compared by simulation with aforementioned common techniques, showing ability to remove certain limitations.
Open Access
Experimental assessment of first- and second-life electric vehicle batteries: performance, capacity dispersion, and aging
(IEEE, 2021) Braco Sola, Elisa; San Martín Biurrun, Idoia; Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Nowadays, the reuse of electric vehicle batteries is considered to be a feasible alternative to recycling, as it allows them to benefit from their remaining energy capacity and to enlarge their lifetime. Stationary applications, such as self-consumption or off-grid systems support, are examples of second-life (SL) uses for retired batteries. However, reused modules that compose these batteries have heterogeneous properties, which limit their performance. This article aims to assess the influence of degradation in modules from electric vehicles, covering three main aspects: performance, capacity dispersion, and extended SL behavior. First, a complete characterization of new and reused modules is carried out, considering three temperatures and three discharge rates. In the second stage, intra- and intermodule capacity dispersions are evaluated with new and reused samples. Finally, the behavior during SL is also analyzed, through an accelerated cycling test so that the evolution of capacity and dispersion are assessed. Experimental results show that the performance of reused modules is especially undermined at low temperatures and high current rates, as well as in advanced stages of aging. The intramodule dispersion is found to be similar in reused and new samples, while the intermodule differences are nearly four times greater in SL.
Open Access
Design and on-field validation of an embedded system for monitoring second-life electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries
(MDPI, 2022) Castillo Martínez, Diego Hilario; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Adolfo Josué; Soto Cabria, Adrián; Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Vargas Requena, Dávid Tomás; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Wenceslao Eduardo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
In the last few years, the growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) in the transportation sector has contributed to the increased use of electric rechargeable batteries. At present, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are the most commonly used in electric vehicles. Although once their storage capacity has dropped to below 80¿70% it is no longer possible to use these batteries in EVs, it is feasible to use them in second-life applications as stationary energy storage systems. The purpose of this study is to present an embedded system that allows a Nissan® LEAF Li-ion battery to communicate with an Ingecon® Sun Storage 1Play inverter, for control and monitoring purposes. The prototype was developed using an Arduino® microcontroller and a graphical user interface (GUI) on LabVIEW®. The experimental tests have allowed us to determine the feasibility of using Li-ion battery packs (BPs) coming from the automotive sector with an inverter with no need for a prior disassembly and rebuilding process. Furthermore, this research presents a programming and hardware methodology for the development of the embedded systems focused on second-life electric vehicle Li-ion batteries. One second-life battery pack coming from a Nissan® Leaf and aged under real driving conditions was integrated into a residential microgrid serving as an energy storage system (ESS).
Open Access
New design alternatives for a hybrid photovoltaic and doubly-fed induction wind plant to augment grid penetration of renewable energy
(IEEE, 2021) Goñi, Naiara; Sacristán Sillero, Javier; Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Rodríguez Rabadan, José Luis; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Reducing carbon emissions is essential to stop climate change. The grid-share of renewable generation plants is increasing, being wind and photovoltaic plants the most common ones, whereas conventional plants are the only ones that provide the necessary services to maintain the grid stability and keep the generation-demand balance. However, with the aim of achieving carbon-neutral generation, conventional plants are being dismantled. This leads to the imminent need of providing these services with renewable plants. Due to this challenge, this proposal analyses a hybrid plant composed by wind and photovoltaic generation with two types of storage, lithium-ion batteries and a thermal storage system based on volcanic stones. In order to compare both strategies, a technoeconomic methodology is explained that allows to optimally size the plant, using the current prices of each technology. The most cost-competitive proposal turns to be the hybrid plant with thermal storage, composed by 623.9 MW installed power and 21.9 GWh of storage, which could replace a 100 MW, 24/7 conventional power plant, with an LCOHS (levelized cost of hybrid system) of 118.38 €/MWh, providing identical grid services and an equivalent inertia in a way committed with the environment. This is in turn a zero-carbon emissions solution perfectly matched to a second life plan for a conventional power plant.