Open Access
Sensitivity enhancement experimental demonstration using a low cutoff wavelength SMS modified structure coated with a pH sensitive film
(Elsevier, 2018) Rodríguez Rodríguez, Wenceslao Eduardo; Del Villar, Ignacio; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Adolfo Josué; Domínguez Cruz, René; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
The multimode interference (MMI) effect in a single mode-multimode-single mode (SMS) can be used fordevelopment of wavelength shift detection based sensors. In this work, the focus is centered on obtainingwavelength shifts with low cutoff single mode fibers, which allows exploring the wavelength range from600 to 1000 nm, where optical sources and detectors are less expensive than at longer wavelengths. Inaddition, the application of a reduction in the fiber diameter of the SMS structure by means of HF etching,combined with the deposition of a thin-film, enables to enhance the sensitivity of the devices at thesame time the objective mentioned before is achieved. In this sense, the effect of the deposition of a pHsensitive thin-film on SMS structures with different diameters allowed attaining a maximum sensitivityof 15 nm per pH unit in the range from pH 4 to pH 6, which improves by a factor of 3 the sensitivity ofSMS sensors without etching operating at longer wavelengths.
Open Access
Low-cost optical fiber multimode interference biosensor based on a glucose sensitive Glucose-Oxidase enzyme thin-film
(Elsevier, 2024-12-04) Rodríguez Rodríguez, Wenceslao Eduardo; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Adolfo Josué; Juárez-Saldivar, Alfredo; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
In this research we report a contribution for the development of low-cost fiber optical biosensors fabricated by the Single Mode-Multi Mode-Single Mode configuration applied for the glucose monitoring considering clinical concentrations ranges in aqueous analytes. Designed devices are evaluated using health standard detection ranges, such as healthy, pre-diabetic, and diabetic stages operating at the visible spectral region. The sensing regions has been prepared by the etching technique in order to improve the interaction between the evanescent wave with the surrounding medium followed by functionalization of enzyme oxidase glucose via the electrostatic self-assembly using by Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) as an immobilizer matrix. The increase of bilayers number over the sensor surface permits us to demonstrate the enhancement of sensitivity and limit of detection. Experimental results permitted the glucose characterization in the range from 0.3 to 2.4 mg mL-1 obtaining a response time of 9 s and a sensitivity of 1.8 nm/(mg mL-1) allowing to detect hypoglycemia and diabetes stages according to the World Health Organization standards.
Open Access
Design and on-field validation of an embedded system for monitoring second-life electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries
(MDPI, 2022) Castillo Martínez, Diego Hilario; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Adolfo Josué; Soto Cabria, Adrián; Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Vargas Requena, Dávid Tomás; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Wenceslao Eduardo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
In the last few years, the growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) in the transportation sector has contributed to the increased use of electric rechargeable batteries. At present, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are the most commonly used in electric vehicles. Although once their storage capacity has dropped to below 80¿70% it is no longer possible to use these batteries in EVs, it is feasible to use them in second-life applications as stationary energy storage systems. The purpose of this study is to present an embedded system that allows a Nissan® LEAF Li-ion battery to communicate with an Ingecon® Sun Storage 1Play inverter, for control and monitoring purposes. The prototype was developed using an Arduino® microcontroller and a graphical user interface (GUI) on LabVIEW®. The experimental tests have allowed us to determine the feasibility of using Li-ion battery packs (BPs) coming from the automotive sector with an inverter with no need for a prior disassembly and rebuilding process. Furthermore, this research presents a programming and hardware methodology for the development of the embedded systems focused on second-life electric vehicle Li-ion batteries. One second-life battery pack coming from a Nissan® Leaf and aged under real driving conditions was integrated into a residential microgrid serving as an energy storage system (ESS).
Open Access
Integration of second-life battery packs for self-consumption applications: analysis of a real experience
(IEEE, 2021) Soto Cabria, Adrián; Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Zorrilla, Pablo; Iribarren Zabalegui, Álvaro; Castillo, Diego H.; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Wenceslao Eduardo; Rodríguez, Adolfo J.; Vargas Requena, Dávid Tomás; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, 0011–1411–2018–000029 GERA; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, ReBMS PJUPNA1904
This contribution presents a methodology for the integration of Li-ion batteries discarded from electric vehicle into a collective self-consumption installation, showing the technical feasibility of such battery second use. In this regard, the state of charge (SOC) estimation is a relevant issue for the energy management of the second-life battery. Therefore, a SOC estimator is proposed in this contribution and tested in field. Moreover, the revealed costs analysis allows an economic comparison between the integration of a discarded battery pack in a second-life application or a remanufacture of these packs, thereby selecting the most suitable cells to build second-life batteries. This is a crucial issue for companies focused on the development of second-life batteries. The results obtained after testing the second-life battery pack in a real installation make it possible to extol the benefits of including this type of batteries in a self-consumption system, reaching a self-consumption ratio of 69 % and reducing by 36 % the maximum power peak demanded from the grid.
Open Access
Low-cost online monitoring system for the etching process in fiber optic sensors by computer vision
(MDPI, 2023) Rodríguez Rodríguez, Wenceslao Eduardo; Puente-Sujo, Jesús Abraham; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Adolfo Josué; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Vargas Requena, Dávid Tomás; García-Garza, Luis Antonio; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
The present research exposes a novel methodology to manufacture fiber optic sensors following the etching process by Hydrofluoric Acid deposition through a real-time monitoring diameter measurement by computer vision. This is based on virtual instrumentation developed with the National Instruments® technology and a conventional digital microscope. Here, the system has been tested proving its feasibility by the SMS structure diameter reduction from its original diameter of 125 µ until approximately 42.5 µm. The results obtained have allowed us to demonstrate a stable state behavior of the developed system during the etching process through diameter measurement at three different structure sections. Therefore, this proposal will contribute to the etched fiber optic sensor development that requires reaching an enhanced sensitivity. Finally, to demonstrate the previously mentioned SMS without chemical corrosion, and the etched manufactured SMS, both have been applied as glucose concentration sensors.