Rivera, Diego
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Rivera
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Diego
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Ciencias de la Salud
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Publication Open Access Normative data of neuropsychological tests of attention and executive functions in Ecuadorian adult population(Routledge, 2021) Rodríguez Lorenzana, Alberto; Ramos Usuga, Daniela; Adana Díaz, Lila; Mascialino, Guido; Rivera, Diego; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakObjective: The purpose of this study was to generate normative data for five tests of attention and executive functions (M-WCST, Stroop test, TMT, BTA, and SDMT), in a group of 322 Ecuadorian adults from Quito between the ages of 18 and 85. Method: Multiple regression analyzes taking into account age, education, and gender were used to generate the normative data. Results: Age and education were significantly related to test performance such that scores decreased with age and improved as a function of education. An online calculator is provided to generate normative test scores. Conclusions: This is the first study that presents normative data for tests of executive functions and attention in an Ecuadorian adult population. This data will improve the clinical practice of neuropsychology and help to develop the field in the country.Publication Open Access Attention and processing speed tests: normative data for Spanish-speaking adults in the United States(SAGE, 2024-09-26) Carrión, Carmen I.; Rivera, Diego; Forte, Anabel; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Moreno, Oswaldo; Ramos Usuga, Daniela; Morel Valdés, Gloria M.; López, Melisa; Rodríguez, Miriam J.; Lequerica, Anthony H.; Drago, Christin I.; García, Patricia; Rivera, Patricia M.; Perrin, Paul B.; Arango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakBackground: Hispanics/Latinos are the largest Spanish-speaking subgroup in the U.S. and multiple sociodemographic, cultural, and linguistic factors have been found to impact their performances on cognitive testing. Despite this, few normative data are available for the heterogeneous Spanish-speaking population in the U.S. Objective: to generate normative data on the TMT, Bells Test, SDMT, and the BTA for Spanish speakers residing in the U.S. Methods: the sample included 245 Spanish speaking individuals aged 18-80 from eight states across the U.S. (California, Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, New Jersey, Oregon, Virginia, and Wisconsin). Participants were administered attention and processing speed measures as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. We used a Bayesian regression approach to estimate normative data, including covariates found to be important for predicting performances on measures of attention and processing speed. Results: sociodemographic factors including education, time in the U.S., acculturation, age, and/or sex had differential effects on the TMT-A, TMT-B, SDMT, and the BTA whereas the Bells Test was not influenced by any of these sociodemographic factors. Conclusions: our findings indicate that while sex, age, and educational attainment are important factors to consider, language and acculturation can also influence attention and processing speed performances among Spanish speakers in the U.S.