Person:
Loayssa Lara, Alayn

person.page.identifierURI

https://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/49417

Last Name

Loayssa Lara

First Name

Alayn

person.page.departamento

Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación

person.page.instituteName

ISC. Institute of Smart Cities

ORCID

0000-0002-6502-6135

person.page.upna

2130

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 60

Open Access
Phasorial differential pulse-width pair technique for long-range Brillouin optical time-domain analysis sensors
(Optical Society of America, 2014) Urricelqui Polvorinos, Javier; Sagüés García, Mikel; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
We introduce a novel phasorial differential pulse width pair (PDPP) method for Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) sensors that combines spatial resolution enhancement with increased tolerance to non local effects. It is based on the subtraction of the complex time domain traces supplied by a sensor configuration that uses a phase modulated probe wave and RF demodulation. The fundamentals of the technique are first described theoretically and using numerical simulation of the propagating waves. Then, proof of concept experiments demonstrate the measurement of the Brillouin frequency shift distribution over 50 km. The system is shown to withstand large variations of the pump power generated by its interaction with a powerful probe wave along the fiber; hence, highlighting the potential of the PDPP technique to increase the detected signal to noise ratio in long range BOTDA. Moreover, the PDPP is also shown to increase the measurement contrast by allowing the use of relatively long duration pulses while retaining 1 m spatial resolution.
Open Access
Dynamic BOTDA measurements using Brillouin phase-shift
(SPIE, 2012) Urricelqui Polvorinos, Javier; Zornoza Indart, Ander; Sagüés García, Mikel; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
We demonstrate a novel dynamic BOTDA sensor based, for the first time to our knowledge, on the use of the Brillouin phase-shift instead of the conventional Brillouin gain. This provides the advantage of measurements that are largely immune to variations in fiber attenuation or changes in pump pulse power. Furthermore, the optical detection deployed can lead to an enhanced precision or measurement time and to the broadening of the measurement range. Proof of concept experiments demonstrate 1.66 kHz measurement rate with 1 m resolution over a 160 m sensing fiber length.
Open Access
In-field torsion measurements on solar trackers using fiber optic sensors
(Optica, 2020) Leandro González, Daniel; Bravo Acha, Mikel; Júdez Colorado, Aitor; Mariñelarena Ollacarizqueta, Jon; Falcone Lanas, Francisco Javier; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Jiménez, S.; Achaerandio, Álvaro; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
In-field torsion measurements on solar trackers using fiber Bragg gratings are presented. 45 FBG sensors have been deployed in an operational solar energy plant to study the mechanical response of the structure to wind.
Open Access
Brillouin optical time-domain analysis sensor assisted by Brillouin distributed amplification of pump pulses
(Optical Society of America, 2015) Urricelqui Polvorinos, Javier; Sagüés García, Mikel; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
We demonstrate the extension of the measurement range of Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensors using a distributed Brillouin amplifier (DBA). The technique is based on injecting a DBA pump wave in the fiber to generate an additional Brillouin interaction that amplifies the BOTDA pump pulses and compensates optical fiber attenuation. This amplification does not introduce any significant noise to the BOTDA’s probe wave due to the inherent directionality of the Brillouin gain. Additionally, we deploy a differential pulse-width pair measurement method to avoid measurement errors due to the interplay between the self-phase modulation effect and the changes in the temporal shape of the pulses induced by the transient behavior of Brillouin gain. Experimental proof-of-concept results in a 50-km fiber link demonstrate full compensa- tion of the fiber’s attenuation with no penalty on the signal-to-noise ratio of the detected signal.
Open Access
Brillouin optical time-domain analysis sensor with pump pulse amplification
(Optical Society of America, 2016) Mompó Roselló, Juan José; Urricelqui Polvorinos, Javier; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
We demonstrate a simple technique to provide conventional Brillouin optical time-domain analysis sensors with mitigation for pump pulse attenuation. The technique is based on operating the sensor in loss configuration so that energy is transferred from the probe wave to the pump pulse that becomes amplified as it counter-propagates with the probe wave. Furthermore, the optical frequency of the probe wave is modulated along the fiber so that the pump pulse experiences a flat total gain spectrum that equally amplifies all the spectral components of the pulse, hence, preventing distortion. This frequency modulation of the probe brings additional advantages because it provides increased tolerance to non-local effects and to spontaneous Brillouin scattering noise, so that a probe power above the Brillouin threshold of the fiber can be safely deployed, hence, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement. The method is experimentally demonstrated in a 100-km fiber link, obtaining a measurement uncertainty of 1 MHz at the worst-contrast position.
Open Access
Overcoming non-local effects and Brillouin threshold limitations in Brillouin distributed sensors
(SPIE, 2015) Urricelqui Polvorinos, Javier; Ruiz Lombera, Rubén; Sagüés García, Mikel; Mirapeix, Jesús; López Higuera, José Miguel; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, a Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor that is able to operate with a probe power larger than the Brillouin threshold of the deployed sensing fiber and that is free from detrimental non-local effects. The technique is based on a dual-probe-sideband setup in which a frequency modulation of the probes waves along the fiber is introduced. This makes the frequency of maximum interaction between pump and probes to vary along the fiber, thus mitigating the pump pulse depletion and making it possible to use very large probe power, which brings an improved signal-to-noise ratio in detection.
Open Access
Structural health monitoring of solar trackers using distributed fiber optic sensors
(SPIE, 2019) Mariñelarena Ollacarizqueta, Jon; Mompó Roselló, Juan José; Zurita Gabasa, Jesús; Urricelqui Polvorinos, Javier; Júdez Colorado, Aitor; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Jiménez Romero, Sergio; Achaerandio, Álvaro; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, 0011-1365-2017-000122; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
We demonstrate the application of a novel type of distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOSs) to dynamically monitor the effects of wind on solar tracker structures used in photovoltaic power stations. This DFOS is based on the stimulated Brillouin scattering nonlinear optical effect in optical fiber, which can be used to measure the distribution of strain and temperature along a given structure. However, contrary to existing solutions, the sensor provides dynamic real-time measurements with hundreds or even thousands of full simultaneous measurements for all positions in the fiber each second. Moreover, high-precision and high spatial resolution are obtained. This so-called dynamic Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (D-BOTDA) sensor provides real-time monitoring of the bending and torsion of the structure of solar trackers in response to wind load. This helps the solar tracker manufacturer asses and improve the mechanical designs so as to introduce corrective measures and develop cost-effective components that properly withstand the effects of wind at any given location. We experimentally demonstrate the application of a D-BOTDA sensing system to measure distributed bending and, for the first time to our knowledge, also distributed torsion along the stressed beam of the solar tracker. For this purpose, we have developed a procedure to instrument the torsion beam with two optical sensing fibers that are fixed helically wound along the beam in opposite directions, so that any common-mode thermal or bending effects are removed. We initially performed tests in a laboratory facility in which sections of the torsion beam could be subjected to controlled moments. Static and dynamic loads were applied and the measured deformations were compared to those obtained with fiber Bragg gratings, which just provide point measurements of strain. In both cases, full agreement was demonstrated. Finally, the system was installed in an operational solar park.
Open Access
Overcoming non-local effects and Brillouin threshold limitations in Brillouin optical time domain sensors
(IEEE, 2015) Ruiz Lombera, Rubén; Urricelqui Polvorinos, Javier; Sagüés García, Mikel; Mirapeix, Jesús; López Higuera, José Miguel; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, a Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) sensor that is able to operate with a probe power larger than the Brillouin threshold of the deployed sensing fiber and that is free from detrimental non-local effects. The technique is based on a dual-probe-sideband setup in which an optical frequency modulation of the probe waves along the fiber is introduced. This makes the optical frequency of the Brillouin interactions induced by each probe wave on the pump to vary along the fiber so that two broadband Brillouin gain and loss spectra that perfectly compensate are created. As a consequence, the pulse spectral components remain undistorted avoiding non-local effects. Therefore, a very large probe power can be injected, which improves the signal-to-noise ratio in detection for long-range BOTDA. Moreover, the probe power can even exceed the Brillouin threshold limit due to their frequency modulation, which reduces the effective amplification of spontaneous Brillouin scattering in the fiber. Experiments demonstrate the technique in a 50-km sensing link in which 8 dBm of probe power is injected.
Open Access
Compensation of phase noise impairments in distributed acoustic sensors based on optical pulse compression time-domain reflectometry
(IEEE, 2023) Piñeiro Ben, Enrique; Sagüés García, Mikel; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
We introduce a method to compensate for the deleterious effects of the phase noise of the laser source on long-range distributed acoustic sensors (DAS) that implement optical pulse compression (OPC). Pulse compression can be used in coherent optical time-domain reflectometry (COTDR) sensors to extend the measurement range without compromising spatial resolution. In fact, OPC-COTDR sensors have demonstrated the longest measurement range to date in passive sensing links that do not require distributed amplification to compensate fiber attenuation. However, it has been found that the limited coherence of the laser source has a degrading effect on the actual performance enhancement that pulse compression can bring because it constrains the maximum duration of the compression waveforms that can be used and makes the use of lasers with extremely low phase noise necessary.We introduce a technique to compensate for the effects of phase noise on OPC-COTDR sensors so that they can demonstrate their full potential for long-range measurements using lasers with less stringent phase noise requirements. The method is based on sampling the phase noise of the laser with an auxiliary interferometer and using this information in a simple signal processing technique to mitigate its deleterious effect on the signal measured. We test our method in an OPCCOTDR sensor that uses 500-μs linear frequency modulated pulses to demonstrate 100-km range measurements with 200 p/√Hz of strain sensitivity at 2-m initial spatial resolution that becomes 10-m after applying the gauge length. To our knowledge, this is the longest compression waveform demonstrated to date in an OPCCOTDR sensor. Its use provides an extra 20-km range compared to previous demonstrations using laser sources of comparable linewidth. Furthermore, comparable performance is also demonstrated when using a laser source with an order of magnitude larger linewidth.
Open Access
Gain dependence of measured spectra in coherent Brillouin optical time-domain analysis sensors
(SPIE, 2016) Mariñelarena Ollacarizqueta, Jon; Urricelqui Polvorinos, Javier; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
We report on the effects of large pump pulse powers on Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensors based on phase-modulated probe wave and coherent detection. It is found that the large Brillouin gain that comes from the use of high power pulses induces a narrowing of the RF phase-shift spectrum that is measured in these sensors. This narrowing leads to a Brillouin frequency shift measurement error when the sensor is configured for dynamic measurements. However, the effect has been found to be less significant than that observed in dynamic slope-assisted BOTDA sensors based on amplitude.