Open Access
Metabolic responses to acute sprint interval exercise training performed after an oral 75-gram glucose load in individuals with overweight/obesity
(Wiley, 2023) Carrillo Arango, Hugo Alejandro; Atencio Osorio, Miguel Alejandro; López-Álban, Carlos Alejandro; Nava-González, Edna J.; Correa Rodríguez, María; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
There is evidence supporting that acute sprint interval training (SIT) might improve metabolic responses to postprandial glucose, but results are inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of acute SIT on metabolic response and substrate utilization in individuals with overweight/obesity after an oral 75-gram glucose challenge. Thirty-three participants with overweight/ obesity (32.7 ± 8.3 years, 24 male, 9 female) participated in the study and a crossover design was followed. After the 75-gram glucose load, participants were randomly allocated to two groups: no exercise (resting) or SIT protocol. Metabolic data including respiratory quotient (RQ) and substrate utilization rates (fats and carbohydrates) were collected using the COSMED Q-NRG + ® calorimeter. The RQ was significantly lower in the acute SIT group (0.76 [0.01]; p < 0.0001) than in the resting group (0.80 [0.01]; p = 0.036) at the 120-min postprandial time point, and the RQ area under the curve (AUC) was also lower in the SIT group (mean difference of −6.62, 95% CI −12.00 to −1.24; p = 0.0161). The contribution of fat to energy expenditure increased after SIT during the postprandial period whereas the contribution of carbohydrates decreased. The AUC for fat contribution was significantly higher (mean difference 2311.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 578.8 to 4043.3; p = 0.0098) and the AUC for carbohydrate contribution was significantly lower (mean difference −2283.1, 95% CI −4040.2 to −527.1; p = 0.0117) in the SIT group than in the resting group. In conclusions, acute SIT might have a positive effect on metabolic responses to postprandial glucose and, accordingly, should be recommended for improving metabolism in people with overweight/obesity.
Open Access
Prevalence of meeting all three 24-h movement guidelines and its correlates among preschool-aged children
(Wiley, 2023) Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; López Gil, José Francisco; Rincón Pabón, David; Martínez-Jamioy, Edwar Nicolas; Rivera-Ruiz, Rosemberg; Castellanos-Montaña, Sebastián; Atencio Osorio, Miguel Alejandro; Carrillo Arango, Hugo Alejandro; Alonso Martínez, Alicia; García Hermoso, Antonio; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
The aim of the present study was twofold: first, to determine the meeting all three 24-h movement guidelines in Colombian preschool-aged children, and second, to explore the associations between different socio-ecological correlates and the meeting of these guidelines. This was a cross-sectional study with data from the Encuesta Nacional de Situación Nutricional (ENSIN-2015) in Colombia, 2015–2016. The sample comprised 3002 low-income preschoolers (3–4 years old, 50.7% boys). Data on physical activity, screen time, and sleep time were collected using the Cuestionario para la Medición de Actividad Física y Comportamiento Sedentario, reported by their parents. In total, 18 potential correlates (individual, interpersonal, organizational, and community level) were analyzed. Backward binary logistic regression analysis was performed with the potential correlates as independent variables and meeting all three 24-h movement guidelines as dependent variables. The prevalence of preschoolers meeting all three 24-h movement guidelines or none was 4.8% and 16.6%, respectively. In the final model, boys (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–3.50) and those who do not have television in their bedroom (OR = 2.09, 95%CI 1.05–4.14) were more likely to meet all three 24-h movement guidelines compared to with girls and those who have television, respectively. In conclusion, strategies to promote adherence to all 24-h movement guidelines among low-income preschoolers are warranted, and should focus on actions considering the importance of sex and home environment changes to support these movement behaviors.
Open Access
Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en una población escolar colombiana: evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario KIDMED
(Arán, 2020) Carrillo Arango, Hugo Alejandro; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Objetivo: como la infancia y la adolescencia son periodos críticos para la adquisición de hábitos alimentarios y estilos de vida que serán perdurables en la edad adulta, contar con un cuestionario que estime la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea de la población escolar es necesario. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas, en términos de fiabilidad, reproducibilidad y validez, del cuestionario KIDMED en un grupo de niños y adolescentes de Cali, Colombia. Métodos: estudio transversal de 167 escolares (53,8 % niñas, edad media de 13,3 ± 3,2 años). El alfa de Cronbach y el kappa de Cohen (κ) se calcularon como indicadores de fiabilidad y reproducibilidad. Un análisis factorial exploratorio, con un método de extracción de componentes principales y rotación ortogonal (varimax), se aplicó como medida de validez. Resultados: en la población general, 1 de cada 3 escolares acusaron un patrón de alimentación mediterránea óptima. El cuestionario KIDMED mostró valores de fiabilidad y reproducibilidad moderados (alfa de Cronbach = 0,79; IC 95 %: 0,71-0,77, y κ = 0,66; IC 95 %: 0,45-0,77). La composición factorial exploratoria arrojó seis factores que explicaron el 60,6 % de la varianza total y adecuados valores de bondad del ajuste (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin = 0,730) y del test de esfericidad de Bartlett (χ2 = 414,8, p < 0.001, g/l = 120). Conclusión: el cuestionario KIDMED cuenta con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas como instrumento de valoración de la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en escolares de Colombia. Futuros estudios deberán centrarse en investigar la estructura confirmatoria y/o la validez convergente del cuestionario en diferentes grupos de edad para generar datos comparables.
Open Access
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in college students: evaluation of psychometric properties of the KIDMED questionnaire
(MDPI, 2020) Atencio Osorio, Miguel Alejandro; Carrillo Arango, Hugo Alejandro; Correa Rodríguez, María; Ochoa Muñoz, Andrés Felipe; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, ID 420/2019
No prior studies have examined the reliability properties of the 16-item Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) questionnaire among young adults from a non-Mediterranean country. The objective of this study was to determine the psychometric properties in terms of the reliability and validity of the KIDMED questionnaire in young adults from Colombia. A cross-sectional validation study was conducted among 604 Colombian college students (47.51% men and 52.48% women; mean age of 21.60 ± 2.02 years). Kappa statistics were used to assess the reliability of the KIDMED questionnaire. A categorical principal components analysis was used to determine validity. Based on the KIDMED score, 58.4% of students had a good adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). Good agreement in the general score of the questionnaire was observed (κ = 0.727, 95% confidence interval = 0.676 to 0.778, p < 0.001). A five-factor model was identified which explained almost 51.38% of the variability, showing the multidimensionality of the questionnaire. In conclusion, this study provides reasonable evidence for the reliability and validity of the KIDMED questionnaire for assessing adherence to MedDiet in college students within a Latin American country. The evaluation of the psychometric properties of this tool in early adulthood and in a non-Mediterranean country will be useful in clinical practice and epidemiological research, since practitioners and health researchers now have a valid and reliable short scale.
Open Access
Relación entre la condición física y síntomas depresivos en universitarios: un análisis transversal
(Arán Ediciones, 2022) Atencio Osorio, Miguel Alejandro; Carrillo Arango, Hugo Alejandro; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Objetivo: la condición física es uno de los factores predictores más relevantes del estado de salud mental de un individuo. No obstante, son pocos los estudios que han descrito la relación entre la condición física con síntomas depresivos en universitarios latinos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue verificar la posible relación entre la condición física y los síntomas depresivos en un colectivo de estudiantes universitarios. Métodos y procedimientos de investigación: estudio transversal en 344 universitarios (53 % mujeres) entre los 18 y 25 años (rango 18-23 años), pertenecientes a cuatro instituciones de educación superior de Cali, Colombia. Los síntomas depresivos se recogieron por autoinforme a través del inventario de Depresión Beck-II. Los componentes de la condición física (salto alto, flexiones de brazo, flexiones de tronco y condición aeróbica) se midieron a través de pruebas de campo. El promedio de las 4 variables de condición física se tipifico y transformaron como Z-score para establecer una única variable denominada índice general de condición física. Posteriormente se categorizó en tertiles (T), siendo el tertil (T3) la posición con mejor desempeño físico. Resultados: un 12 % de la población presentó síntomas depresivos leves, mientras que un 10 % presentaron depresión moderada/grave, siendo las mujeres las que acusaron mayor puntaje en el inventario de Depresión Beck-II. En el grupo de hombres, correlaciones inversas y estadísticamente significativas fueron observadas entre los valores de depresión con la escala Beck-II, con el componente de salto alto (Z-score) r = -0,190, la condición aeróbica (Z-score) r = -0,195, y con el índice general de condición física (Z-score) r = -0,189; p < 0,01. Esta misma relación, fue observada tras ajustar por la edad, tabaquismo, enolismo y actividad física semanal como covariable, en los hombres entre los terciles 1 y 3 (p = 0,028). Conclusión: los resultados obtenidos en el presente trabajo revelan que el salto alto y el índice general de condición física de los hombres se relacionan de manera inversa y significativa con el puntaje del inventario de Depresión de Beck-II.
Open Access
Fat-to-muscle ratio: a new anthropometric indicator as a screening tool for metabolic syndrome in young Colombian people
(MDPI, 2018) Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Carrillo Arango, Hugo Alejandro; Correa Bautista, Jorge Enrique; Schmidt Río-Valle, Jacqueline; González Jiménez, Emilio; Correa Rodríguez, María; González Ruiz, Katherine; García Hermoso, Antonio; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Fat-to-muscle ratio has been proposed as an alternative approach for assessing body fat. The objective of this study was to explore fat-to-muscle ratio thresholds in metabolic syndrome (MetS) diagnosis; it was hypothesised that the fat-to-muscle ratio is a good predictive indicator of MetS in a large population of young Colombian adults. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 1416 subjects (66.6% female), aged from 18.1 to 25.1. As part of the study, measurements of the subjects' anthropometric indicators, serum lipid indices, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose were taken. Body composition was measured through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). A new variable (ratio of fat mass to muscle mass, in kg) was calculated. Following the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition, MetS includes three or more metabolic abnormalities. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression determined the discriminatory ability of the fat-to-muscle ratio to predict MetS. According to the IDF, the best fat-to-muscle ratio cut-off point for detecting MetS in men was 0.225 kg, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83, sensitivity of 80%, and specificity of 70%. For women, the fat-to-muscle ratio cut-off point was 0.495 kg, the AUC was 0.88, and the sensitivity and specificity were 82% and 80%, respectively. In conclusion, our results showed that the fat-to-muscle ratio cut-off points from ROC analyses demonstrate good discriminatory power for detecting MetS in young Colombian adults.
Open Access
Fatness mediates the influence of muscular fitness on metabolic syndrome in Colombian collegiate students
(Public Library of Science, 2017) García Hermoso, Antonio; Carrillo Arango, Hugo Alejandro; González Ruiz, Katherine; Vivas, Andrés; Triana Reina, Héctor Reynaldo; Martínez Torres, Javier; Prieto Benavides, Daniel Humberto; Correa Bautista, Jorge Enrique; Ramos Sepúlveda, Jeison Alexander; Villa González, Emilio; Peterson, Mark Dean; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
The purpose of this study was two-fold: to analyze the association between muscular fitness (MF) and clustering of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, and to determine if fatness parameters mediate the association between MF and MetS clustering in Colombian collegiate students. This cross-sectional study included a total of 886 (51.9% women) healthy collegiate students (21.4 ± 3.3 years old). Standing broad jump and isometric handgrip dynamometry were used as indicators of lower and upper body MF, respectively. Also, a MF score was computed by summing the standardized values of both tests, and used to classify adults as fit or unfit. We also assessed fat mass, body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, and abdominal visceral fat, and categorized individuals as low and high fat using international cut-offs. A MetS cluster score was derived by calculating the sum of the sample-specific zscores from the triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, fasting glucose, waist circumference, and arterial blood pressure. Linear regression models were used to examine whether the association between MF and MetS cluster was mediated by the fatness parameters. Data were collected from 2013 to 2016 and the analysis was done in 2016. Findings revealed that the best profiles (fit + low fat) were associated with lower levels of the MetS clustering (p 0.001 in the four fatness parameters), compared with unfit and fat (unfit + high fat) counterparts. Linear regression models indicated a partial mediating effect for fatness parameters in the association of MF with MetS clustering. Our findings indicate that efforts to improve MF in young adults may decrease MetS risk partially through an indirect effect on improvements to adiposity levels. Thus, weight reduction should be taken into account as a complementary goal to improvements in MF within exercise programs.
Open Access
Association of muscular fitness and body fatness with cardiometabolic risk factors: the FUPRECOL study
(MDPI, 2018) Correa Rodríguez, María; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Correa Bautista, Jorge Enrique; Castellanos-Vega, Rocío del Pilar; Arias-Coronel, Florencio; González Ruiz, Katherine; Carrillo Arango, Hugo Alejandro; Schmidt Río-Valle, Jacqueline; González Jiménez, Emilio; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
This study investigated the associations of muscular fitness and various indicators of body fatness with cardio-metabolic risk factors and determined the muscular strength and body fatness thresholds for detecting a high risk of cardio-metabolic dysfunction in young adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1798 collegiate students (61.5% females, mean age 20.5 years). Muscular fitness was determined by using a handgrip strength test and normalized grip strength (NGS = handgrip (kg)/body mass (kg)). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percentage of fat mass (BF%), fat-mass index (FMI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHR) were also included as body fatness measurements. A high cardio-metabolic risk cluster was derived by assessing triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting glucose, and blood pressure. Logistic regression models showed that men and women with lower NGS had an increased cardio-metabolic risk odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 2.9, p = 0.006, and OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.5, p = 0.036, respectively). In both sexes, higher levels of all fatness parameters were also associated with increased cardio-metabolic risk (p < 0.001). In both men and women, high FMI had the highest OR for clustered risk (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 2.6 to 8.4, and OR = 7.3, 95% CI 3.4 to 9.7, p < 0.001, respectively). Combined analysis showed that unfitness (lower NGS) and high fat had the highest OR for WC and FMI in men and women, respectively (OR = 5.5, 95% CI 2.6 to 11.4, OR = 7.7, 95% CI 2.3 to 15.8, p < 0.01). Muscular strength and body fatness are independently and jointly associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in young adults, which suggests that both are predictor variables for this.
Open Access
Youth leisure-time sedentary behavior questionnaire (YLSBQ): reliability and validity in Colombian University students
(MDPI, 2021) Atencio Osorio, Miguel Alejandro; Carrillo Arango, Hugo Alejandro; Correa Rodríguez, María; Rivera, Diego; Castro Piñero, José; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Sedentary behavior (SB) is influenced by variations in social, cultural and economic contexts. This study assesses the test–retest reliability and validity of the Youth Leisure-time Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (YLSBQ), a self-report tool that examines total and domain-specific SB in a cohort of young adults from Colombia. A cross-sectional validation study was conducted among 447 Colombian college students (52.8% men; mean (± standard deviation) age of 19.55 ± 2.54 years). To assess the reliability of the YLSBQ, Kappa statistics (k) were used. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to determine validity. The Cronbach alpha for the 12 behaviors of the YLSBQ showed a good-to-excellent internal consistency (0.867, ranging from 0.715–0.935). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) indicated that 10 items (83.0%) and two items (17.0%) showed excellent and good reliability, respectively. Furthermore, ICC between the total sedentary time was 0.926 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.912 − 0.939), which was interpreted as excellent. The goodness-of-fit tests provided evidence that overall, a four-factor solution was an adequate fit with the time scores. In conclusion, the YLSBQ could be considered a reliable, valid and usable tool for the assessment of SB in young adults in a Latin American country. We found that the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were similar to those of the original Spanish validation study.
Open Access
Body adiposity index performance in estimating body fat percentage in colombian college students: findings from the FUPRECOL-adults study
(MDPI, 2017) Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Correa Bautista, Jorge Enrique; González-Ruíz, Katherine; Vivas, Andrés; Triana Reina, Héctor Reynaldo; Martínez Torres, Javier; Prieto Benavides, Daniel Humberto; Carrillo Arango, Hugo Alejandro; Ramos Sepúlveda, Jeison Alexander; Villa González, Emilio; García Hermoso, Antonio; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Recently, a body adiposity index (BAI = (hip circumference)/((height)(1.5))−18) was developed and validated in adult populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of BAI in estimating percentage body fat (BF%) in a sample of Colombian collegiate young adults. The participants were comprised of 903 volunteers (52% females, mean age = 21.4 years ± 3.3). We used the Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, linear regression, Bland–Altman’s agreement analysis, concordance correlation coefficient (ρc) and the coefficient of determination (R2) between BAI, and BF%; by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)). The correlation between the two methods of estimating BF% was R2 = 0.384, p < 0.001. A paired-sample t-test showed a difference between the methods (BIA BF% = 16.2 ± 3.1, BAI BF% = 30.0 ± 5.4%; p < 0.001). For BIA, bias value was 6.0 ± 6.2 BF% (95% confidence interval (CI) = −6.0 to 18.2), indicating that the BAI method overestimated BF% relative to the reference method. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient was poor (ρc = 0.014, 95% CI = −0.124 to 0.135; p = 0.414). In Colombian college students, there was poor agreement between BAI- and BIA-based estimates of BF%, and so BAI is not accurate in people with low or high body fat percentage levels.