Open Access
Gap waveguide topology with reduced height pins for millimeter-wave components
(URSI Publications, 2022) Santiago Arriazu, David; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
A new topology for groove gap waveguide (GGW) technology is proposed to ease its manufacturing process by computer numerical control (CNC) milling. GGW technology consists of two metal plates, where one of them presents a λ/4 height pin bed that avoids contact with the other plate, making it an ideal alternative to other waveguides for millimeterwave applications. However, the manufacture of the pins by CNC milling may be troublesome due to the large pin height required. A GGW with reduced height pins will be proposed, maintaining the standard dimensions of the equivalent rectangular waveguide ports and the operation bandwidth. The performance of this new topology will be compared with other proposals by means of simulations and measurements, and a bandpass filter will be also implemented and manufactured in this technology to validate its usefulness.
Open Access
Arrangements of via-holes in microstrip lines as metallodielectric periodic structures
(Wiley, 2000) Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Bacaicoa, Miguel; Hernández, Jorge; Gonzalo García, Ramón; Sorolla Ayza, Mario; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
In this paper, the use of via holes in microstrip lines to design periodic structures that can be regarded as metallodielectric electromagnetic crystals is analyzed. The proposed novel periodic structures achieve a notably increased reflectivity compared to that obtained with a single via hole. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are provided showing a satisfactory performance for these devices as broadband reflectors or short circuits with enhanced behavior at high frequencies.
Open Access
The Canfranc Axion Detection Experiment (CADEx): search for axions at 90 GHz with Kinetic Inductance Detectors
(IOP Publishing, 2022) Aja, Beatriz; Arguedas Cuendis, Sergio; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Artal, Eduardo; Barreiro, R. Belén; Casas, Francisco J.; Ory, Marina C. de; Díaz-Morcillo, Alejandro; Fuente, Luisa de la; Gallego, Juan Daniel; García-Barceló, José María; Gimeno, Benito; Gómez, Alicia; Granados, Daniel; Kavanagh, Bradley J.; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Lozano-Guerrero, Antonio José; Magaz, María T.; Martín-Pintado, Jesús; Martínez-González, Enrique; Miralda-Escudé, Jordi; Monzó-Cabrera, Juan; Najarro de la Parra, Francisco; Navarro-Madrid, José R.; Núñez Chico, Ana B.; Pascual, Juan Pablo; Pelegrin, Jorge; Peña Garay, Carlos; Rodríguez, David; Socuéllamos, Juan M.; Teberio Berdún, Fernando; Teniente Vallinas, Jorge; Vielva, Patricio; Vila, Iván; Vilar, Rocío; Villa, Enrique; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
We propose a novel experiment, the Canfranc Axion Detection Experiment (CADEx), to probe dark matter axions with masses in the range 330–460 μeV, within the W-band (80–110 GHz), an unexplored parameter space in the well-motivated dark matter window of Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD) axions. The experimental design consists of a microwave resonant cavity haloscope in a high static magnetic field coupled to a highly sensitive detecting system based on Kinetic Inductance Detectors via optimized quasi-optics (horns and mirrors). The experiment is in preparation and will be installed in the dilution refrigerator of the Canfranc Underground Laboratory. Sensitivity forecasts for axion detection with CADEx, together with the potential of the experiment to search for dark photons, are presented.
Open Access
Integración de múltiples stubs en filtros de saltos de impedancias de alta selectividad
(URSI, 2023) Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Sami, Abdul; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Martín Iglesias, Petronilo; Álvarez Botero, Germán Andrés; Pons Abenza, Alejandro; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
Rectangular waveguide commensurate-line stepped-impedance bandpass filters have been shown to have an increased fabrication robustness using conventional CNC milling. In this paper, their frequency response is improved by adding multiple transmission zeros at fully-controlled positions around the passband. The technique starts with the design of the filter without transmission zeros and only requires that one of the filter sections is slightly redesigned, while the rest keep unaltered, when lambda_g/¿¿ and 3*lambda_g/¿¿ stubs are included in the section to increase the overall filter selectivity around the passband. The design example is a 7th-order Chebyshev bandpass filter in Ku-band.
Open Access
Synthesis of one dimensional electromagnetic bandgap structures with fully controlled parameters
(IEEE, 2017) Arnedo Gil, Israel; Chudzik, Magdalena; Percaz Ciriza, Jon Mikel; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Teberio Berdún, Fernando; Benito Pertusa, David; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this paper, we propose a novel synthesis strategy for the design of one dimensional electromagnetic bandgap (1- D-EBG) structures where all the performance parameters of these devices can fully be controlled, i.e., the central frequency of the forbidden band, its attenuation level and bandwidth, and the ripple level at the passbands. The novel synthesis strategy employs a new inverse-scattering technique to accurately synthesize the 1-D-EBG structure, targeting a properly interpolated version of a classical periodic filter fulfilling the required frequency specifications. The new inverse-scattering technique follows a continuous layer peeling approach and relies on the coupled-mode theory to precisely model the microwave structures. Telecommunication and radar systems, as well as material characterization devices, will be profited by this proposal with which enhanced filters, sensors, power dividers, couplers, mixers, oscillators, and amplifiers can be designed in many different technologies. As a proof of concept, a 1-D-EBG structure in microstrip technology with a single forbidden band (free of spurious stopband replicas), with attenuation level of 30 dB, fractional bandwidth larger than 100%, and return loss level at the passbands of 20 dB, has been designed and fabricated. The measurements obtained are in very good agreement with the simulations and target specifications, being free of spurious replicas up to the 15th harmonic, showing the robustness and very good performance of the novel design strategy proposed.
Open Access
Multipactor breakdown analysis of Ku-band meandered low-pass filter
(2022) Sami, Abdul; Teberio Berdún, Fernando; Arnedo Gil, Israel; Martín Iglesias, Petronilo; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
In this work, a very compact rectangular waveguide low-pass filter with meandered topology based on commensurate lines for Ku-band satellite applications is analysed for high-power handling capabilities. The device consists of rectangular waveguide sections properly cascaded to form a meandered topology to obtain the desired value of the local reflection coefficients. which are essential to achieve the target frequency response and also to keep large mechanical gaps. Hence, this technique allows us not only to design a filter with compact size but a filter geometry which is suitable for high power applications. In the paper, the low-pass filter based on commensurate lines is first designed by cascading E-plane mitered bends (±90° EMBs) in CST Microwave Studio (MWS) and then the values of the electromagnetic fields at the passband frequencies are exported to Spark3D to perform a multipactor analysis. The critical areas inside the device where the multipactor discharge occurs will also be identified in the high-power analysis. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7343236
Open Access
Filtro paso banda en tecnología groove gap waveguide con altura de pines reducida para facilitar su fabricación
(Universidad de Málaga, 2022) Santiago Arriazu, David; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
In this work, a novel topology of groove gap waveguide (GGW) technology is presented to facilitate the fabrication process by Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling. GGW has been proposed as an interesting alternative to the rectangular waveguide for the design of microwave and millimeter-wave components. This technology consists of two parallel metal plates, where one of them has a (lambda)/4-height pin bed that provides a high impedance condition at the plane over the pins, avoiding electrical contact requirement with the upper plate and hence facilitating the fabrication requirements. However, the manufacture by CNC milling of the pins may be troublesome, especially for devices operating at high frequency. A way to facilitate this process is achieved by using pins with reduced height. Moreover, the proposed configuration allows us to maintain the standard dimension ports of the equivalent rectangular waveguide and the operation in its corresponding bandwidth. A comparison with other GGW topologies has been presented and a bandpass filter has been fabricated to validate its usefulness.
Open Access
Diseño de filtros en tecnología de línea coaxial sin dieléctricos mediante impresión 3D
(Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, 2024) Pons Abenza, Alejandro; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Álvarez Botero, Germán Andrés; Martín Iglesias, Petronilo; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
This article presents the design and manufacturing of a fully metallic X-band bandpass filter in coaxial-line technology. The device is 3D-printed as a self-supported structure without any dielectric inside. A short-circuit λ/4 parallel stub bandpass filter provides the required mechanical support for the self-supported 3D-printing process. To enhance filter out-of-band performance, a second stage consisting of a stepped-impedance low-pass filter is integrated, also using coaxial-line technology. Both filters are designed separately and then combined to achieve desired frequency specifications. A prototype with a passband at X-band (between 8 and 12 GHz) is manufactured using Selective Laser Melting, showing excellent agreement between simulations and measurements. This approach promises highly integrated, multifunctional monoblock coaxial filters with additional benefits such as increased RF shielding and protection against electrostatic discharge.
Open Access
Passive microwave component design using inverse scattering: theory and applications
(Hindawi, 2013) Arnedo Gil, Israel; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Chudzik, Magdalena; Teberio Berdún, Fernando; Lujambio Genua, Aintzane; Benito Pertusa, David; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
We briefly review different synthesis techniques for the design of passive microwave components with arbitrary frequency response, developed by our group during the last decade. We provide the theoretical foundations based on inverse scattering and coupledmode theory as well as several applications where the devices designed following those techniques have been successfully tested. The main characteristics of these synthesis methods are as follows. (a) They are direct, because it is not necessary to use lumpedelement circuit models; just the target frequency response is the starting point. (b)They are exact, as there is neither spurious bands nor degradation in the frequency response; hence, there is no bandwidth limitation. (c) They are flexible, because they are valid for any causal, stable, and passive transfer function; only inviolable physical principles must be guaranteed. A myriad of examples has been presented by our group in many different technologies for very relevant applications such as harmonic control of amplifiers, directional couplerwith enhanced directivity and coupling, transmission-type dispersive delay lines for phase engineering, compact design of high-power spurious free low-pass waveguide filters for satellite payloads, pulse shapers for advanced UWB radar and communications and for novel breast cancer detection systems, transmission-type Nth-order differentiators for tunable pulse generation, and a robust filter design tool.
Open Access
Integrating multiple stubs in stepped-impedance filter aiming for high selectivity
(IET, 2022) Sami, Abdul; Gómez Laso, Miguel Ángel; Lopetegui Beregaña, José María; Arnedo Gil, Israel; Calero Fernández, Ibai; Teberio Berdún, Fernando; Martín Iglesias, Petronilo; Benito Pertusa, David; Arregui Padilla, Iván; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
A design technique to include multiple and fully-controlled transmission zeros (TZs) in the frequency response of rectangular waveguide commensurate-line stepped-impedance filters is presented in this letter. These bandpass filters (BPFs) are known for having reduced sensitivities against manufacturing inaccuracies and are composed of multiple waveguide sections. In order to improve their selectivity, 3λg/4 and λg/4-stubs are included to create multiple TZs around the passband. The proposed technique allows us to add multiple stubs in a single section and, therefore, only minor adjustments in the affected part of the filter are required, which simplifies the overall design process. The technique has been verified with a design example with four TZs (two on each side) near the passband.