Person: Guillén Grima, Francisco
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Guillén Grima
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Francisco
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Ciencias de la Salud
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0000-0001-9749-8076
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Publication Open Access Presencia de alergias en menores por consumo temprano de alimentos en Barranquilla, Colombia(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2018) Cervantes de la Torre, Karol; Guillén Grima, Francisco; Aguinaga Ontoso, Inés; Mendoza Mendoza, Adel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakObjetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de síntomas asociados a asma, rinitis y eccema relacionada con la ingesta de alimentos en menores de seis a siete años. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de prevalencia de asma, rinitis y eccema y la relación con el consumo de alimentos. Información obtenida en 1 520 escolares del Distrito de Barranquilla y su área metropolitana. Se empleó metodología ISSAC procesándose la información mediante el software SPSS versión 24 El cuestionario fue contestado por el acudiente del menor y solo se tuvieron en cuenta los que tenían debidamente diligenciado los consentimientos informados Se hizo análisis empleando Chi-cuadrado, y el valor P de significancia con un 95% de confianza. Resultados: Para los 1 520 menores encuestados el alimento que presentó relación con alergias fue el pescado asociándolo con el asma, evidenciando que en la población puede ser factor protector para la aparición de eccema mostrando estadísticamente una P<0,05, un Chi-cuadrado: 4,566, IC 95% [0,3;0,8]. Conclusiones: De los alimentos analizados el pescado es uno que presentó relación y se asoció como factor protector para el eccema, el consumo de la leche de vaca se relacionó como factor protector para rinitis; en lo referente a los demás alimentos y las alergias el estudio no es conclusivo en cuanto a si la ingesta temprana es un factor predisponente o desencadenante de ellas en los menores, o no lo son.Publication Open Access Asociación entre factores de riesgo cardio-metabólicos, actividad física y sedentarismo en universitarios chilenos(ARAN, 2017) Morales Illanes, Gladys; Balboa Castillo, Teresa; Muñoz Navarro, Sergio; Belmar, Carlos; Guillén Grima, Francisco; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakIntroducción: existe una amplia evidencia en población adulta de que un alto nivel de actividad física y un bajo nivel de sedentarismo se asocian de forma independiente con una reducción de los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico (FRCM). Esta asociación ha sido poco estudiada en población joven y los resultados no son concluyentes. Objetivo: estimar la asociación entre FRCM, actividad física y sedentarismo en estudiantes universitarios chilenos. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal. Muestra de 326 estudiantes matriculados el año 2014 en la Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile, seleccionados en forma aleatoria, estratificada según facultad, carrera y sexo. Se evaluó antropometría, presión arterial, perfil lipídico, glicemia, insulinorresistencia, consumo de tabaco y alcohol. Estas variables se asociaron con los niveles de actividad física (NAF) y sedentarismo, de acuerdo al cuestionario IPAQ. Resultados: los estudiantes con un NAF bajo tuvieron mayor probabilidad de tener obesidad abdominal (Odds ratio [OR]: 4,68; IC 95% 1,86-11,73), síndrome metabólico (OR: 3,80; IC 95% 1,23-11,73) y triglicéridos elevados (OR: 2,61 IC95%; 1,18-5,75), en comparación con aquellos estudiantes que realizaban NAF moderados o vigorosos (p < 0,05). No se observó asociación entre FRCM y sedentarismo, incluso después de ajustar por actividad física. Conclusión: encontramos asociación entre FRCM y NAF, que fue independiente del sedentarismo. Es de suma importancia implementar programas de actividad física efectivos en las universidades, motivando a los estudiantes a incrementar los NAF a rangos moderado y vigoroso, con el fin de reducir el riesgo cardiovascular. Consideramos que es necesario seguir investigando la asociación entre sedentarismo y FRCM.Publication Open Access Incidence, hospitalization, mortality and risk factors of COVID-19 in long-term care residential homes for patients with chronic mental illness(MDPI, 2022) Arnedo Pena, Alberto; Romeu García, María Ángeles; Gasco-Laborda, Juan Carlos; Meseguer-Ferrer, Noemí; Safont-Adsuara, Lourdes; Guillén Grima, Francisco; Tirado-Balaguer, María Dolores; Sabater-Vidal, Susana; Gil-Fortuño, María; Pérez-Olaso, Óscar; Hernández-Pérez, Noelia; Moreno-Muñoz, Rosario; Bellido Blasco, Juan; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakLong-term care residential homes (LTCRH) for patients with chronic mental illness have suffered the enormous impact of COVID-19. This study aimed to estimate incidence, hospitalization, mortality, and risk factors of COVID-19 to prevent future epidemics. From March 2020 to January 2021 and before vaccination anti-SARS-CoV-2 begins, cumulate incidence rate (CIR), hospitalization rate (HR), mortality rate (MR), and risk factors of COVID-19 in the 11 LTCRH of two Health Departments of Castellon (Spain) were studied by epidemiological surveillance and an ecological design. Laboratory tests confirmed COVID-19 cases, and multilevel Poisson regression models were employed. All LTCRH participated and comprised 346 residents and 482 staff. Residents had a mean age of 47 years, 40% women, and suffered 75 cases of COVID-19 (CIR = 21.7%), five hospitalizations (HR = 1.4%), and two deaths (MR = 0.6%) with 2.5% fatality-case. Staff suffered 74 cases of the disease (CIR = 15.4%), one hospitalization (HR = 0.2%), and no deaths were reported. Risk factors associated with COVID-19 incidence in residents were private ownership, severe disability, residents be younger, CIR in municipalities where LTCRH was located, CIR in staff, and older age of the facilities. Conclusion: COVID-19 incidence could be prevented by improving infection control in residents and staff and modernizing facilities with increased public ownership.Publication Open Access Effectiveness of copper as a preventive tool in health care facilities: a systematic review(Elsevier, 2023) Aillón-García, Paula; Parga-Landa, Blanca; Guillén Grima, Francisco; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakIntroduction: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a significant clinical and economic burden on health systems worldwide. Copper alloys have been certified by the US EPA as solid antimicrobial materials, but their effectiveness in reducing HAIs is not well established Objectives: This systematic review aimed to assess copper surfaces in situ efficacy in reducing health care’s microbial burden compared to control surfaces. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted using three electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, with the keywords “copper” and “surfaces” and “antimicrobial” and “antibacterial” and “infections.” Studies from 2010 to 2022 were included. The quality of the studies was independently screened and assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results: A total of 56 articles were screened, with 8 included in the review and 7, added from references. Two third of the studies report a significant reduction in the microbial burden on copper objects compared to control objects. The 2 studies with the highest scores on NOS evaluation indicated that using copper or copper alloys in healthcare settings can effectively decrease the number of bacterial contaminations on touch surfaces. Conclusions: The results suggest the potential effectiveness of copper as a preventive tool in healthcare facilities, but further studies and longer trials are needed to establish a relationship between copper and reduced nosocomial infections.Publication Open Access Personal and perceived peer use and attitudes towards use of non-prescribed prescription sedatives and sleeping pills among university students in seven European countries(Elsevier, 2018) Lehne, Gesa; Zeeb, Hajo; Pischke, Claudia R.; Aguinaga Ontoso, Inés; Guillén Grima, Francisco; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakIntroduction: The use of non-prescribed prescription sedatives and sleeping pills (NPPSSP) among university students has been described as an important public health issue. However, the impact of perceived social norms on students' use and attitudes towards use of NPPSSP is still unclear. Our aim was to investigate whether perceptions of peer use and approval of use are associated with students' personal use and approval of NPPSSP use. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Social Norms Intervention for the prevention of Polydrug Use (SNIPE) project containing 4482 university students from seven European countries were analyzed to investigate self-other discrepancies regarding personal use and attitudes towards NPPSSP use. Associations between personal and perceived peer use and between personal and perceived approval of use were examined using multivariable logistic regression. Results: The majority (51.0%) of students perceived their peers' NPPSSP use to be higher than their personal use. 92.6% of students perceived their peers' approval of NPPSSP use to be identical or higher than their personal approval. Students perceiving that the majority of peers had used NPPSSP at least once displayed higher odds for personal lifetime use (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.49–2.55). Perceived peer approval of NPPSSP use was associated with higher odds for personal approval (OR: 5.49, 95% CI: 4.63–6.51). Conclusions: Among European university students, perceiving NPPSSP use and approval of use to be the norm was positively associated with students' personal NPPSSP use and approval of use, respectively. Interventions addressing perceived social norms may prevent or reduce NPPSSP use among university students.Publication Open Access Effects of nutrition interventions on athletic performance in soccer players: a systematic review(MDPI, 2023) Aguinaga Ontoso, Inés; Guillén Aguinaga, Sara; Guillén Aguinaga, Laura; Alas Brun, Rosa María; Guillén Grima, Francisco; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakBackground: More than 270 million participants and 128,893 professional players play soccer. Although UEFA recommendations for nutrition in elite football exist, implementing these guidelines among professional and semiprofessional soccer players remains suboptimal, emphasizing the need for targeted and individualized nutritional strategies to improve adherence to established recommendations. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and clinical trial registers. Inclusion criteria focused on professional or semiprofessional soccer players, nutrition or diet interventions, performance improvement outcomes, and randomized clinical trial study types. We assessed quality using the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. We identified 16 eligible articles involving 310 participants. No nutritional interventions during the recovery period effectively improved recovery. However, several performance-based interventions showed positive effects, such as tart cherry supplementation, raw pistachio nut kernels, bicarbonate and mineral ingestion, creatine supplementation, betaine consumption, symbiotic supplements, and a high-carbohydrate diet. These interventions influenced various aspects of soccer performance, including endurance, speed, agility, strength, power, explosiveness, and anaerobic capacity. Conclusions: Specific strategies, such as solutions with bicarbonate and minerals, high carbohydrate diets, and supplements like creatine, betaine, and tart cherry, can enhance the performance of professional soccer players. These targeted nutritional interventions may help optimize performance and provide the competitive edge required in professional soccer. We did not find any dietary interventions that could enhance recovery.Publication Open Access Trends in hospital morbidity from Alzheimer's disease in the European Union, 2000-2014(SAGE, 2018) Niu, Hao; Álvarez Álvarez, Ismael; Aguinaga Ontoso, Inés; Guillén Grima, Francisco; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakBackground: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become a concerning public health issue. We aimed to analyse the trends of hospital morbidity from AD in the European Union (EU) in the period 2000-2014. Methods: Data from hospital discharges of men and women over 50 years old hospitalised from AD in the EU were extracted from Eurostat database. We tested for secular trends computing the annual percent change, and identifying significant changes in the linear slope of the trend. Results: Hospital morbidity from AD showed a 0.8% (95% confidence intervals -2.2, 0.6) slight declining trend in the EU. In men and women, we recorded a -0.5% and -1.0% decrease in hospital morbidity rates, respectively. Several countries showed changing trends during the study period. Conclusion: AD hospital morbidity has slightly declined in the entire EU in the past years. Eastern European countries showed steadily increasing trends, whereas in western and Mediterranean countries rates decreased or levelled off.Publication Open Access Evaluating the efficacy of ChatGPT in navigating the spanish medical residency entrance examination (MIR): promising horizons for AI in clinical medicine(MDPI, 2023) Guillén Grima, Francisco; Guillén Aguinaga, Sara; Guillén Aguinaga, Laura; Alas Brun, Rosa María; Onambele, Luc; Ortega-Leon, Wilfrido; Montejo, Rocío; Aguinaga Ontoso, Enrique; Barach, Paul; Aguinaga Ontoso, Inés; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakThe rapid progress in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing has led to increasingly sophisticated large language models (LLMs) for use in healthcare. This study assesses the performance of two LLMs, the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 models, in passing the MIR medical examination for access to medical specialist training in Spain. Our objectives included gauging the model’s overall performance, analyzing discrepancies across different medical specialties, discerning between theoretical and practical questions, estimating error proportions, and assessing the hypothetical severity of errors committed by a physician. Material and methods: We studied the 2022 Spanish MIR examination results after excluding those questions requiring image evaluations or having acknowledged errors. The remaining 182 questions were presented to the LLM GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 in Spanish and English. Logistic regression models analyzed the relationships between question length, sequence, and performance. We also analyzed the 23 questions with images, using GPT-4’s new image analysis capability. Results: GPT-4 outperformed GPT-3.5, scoring 86.81% in Spanish (p < 0.001). English translations had a slightly enhanced performance. GPT-4 scored 26.1% of the questions with images in English. The results were worse when the questions were in Spanish, 13.0%, although the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.250). Among medical specialties, GPT-4 achieved a 100% correct response rate in several areas, and the Pharmacology, Critical Care, and Infectious Diseases specialties showed lower performance. The error analysis revealed that while a 13.2% error rate existed, the gravest categories, such as “error requiring intervention to sustain life” and “error resulting in death”, had a 0% rate. Conclusions: GPT-4 performs robustly on the Spanish MIR examination, with varying capabilities to discriminate knowledge across specialties. While the model’s high success rate is commendable, understanding the error severity is critical, especially when considering AI’s potential role in real-world medical practice and its implications for patient safety.Publication Open Access Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en universitarios de primer y tercer año(Sociedad Médica de Santiago, 2017) Morales Illanes, Gladys; Guillén Grima, Francisco; Muñoz Navarro, Sergio; Belmar, Carlos; Schifferli, Ingrid; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakBackground: College students are in a critical stage in their life style due to the transition between high school and university and they may be prone to develop cardiovascular diseases. Aim: To compare the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in students from first and third year at the University of La Frontera, Temuco-Chile, according to faculty, gender and socioeconomic status (SES). Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study. Anthropometry, blood pressure, lipid profile, blood glucose, insulin resistance (IR), sedentary lifestyle, tobacco and alcohol consumption were evaluated during 2014 in randomly selected 163 freshmen aged 19.2 ± 1.8 years and 163 third year students aged 21.7 ± 2.5 years (49% females), stratified by faculty, career and gender. Results: 32.4% of students had prehypertension, 30.6% abdominal obesity, 26.3% insulin resistance, 25.7% dyslipidemia and 8.9% metabolic syndrome. Third grade students had higher prevalence of elevated total and LDL cholesterol and higher alcohol consumption, especially among students of middle and high socioeconomic level. Compared with students from the School of Medicine, students from the Education Faculty had 3.9, 3.3 and 2.7 times greater likelihood of being obese, having elevated LDLcholesterol and being smokers, respectively. Women had the highest prevalence of sedentary lifestyles and dyslipidemia. Men had the highest prevalence of prehypertension and smoking. Conclusions: Educational programs are required to promote healthy lifestyles among these students.Publication Open Access Subtipos moleculares del cáncer de mama: implicaciones pronósticas y características clínicas e inmunohistoquímicas(Gobierno de Navarra, 2011) Arrechea Irigoyen, María Asunción; Vicente García, Francisco; Córdoba Iturriagagoitia, Alicia; Ibáñez Beroiz, Berta; Santamaría Martínez, Mercedes; Guillén Grima, Francisco; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakFundamento. Los carcinomas de mama representan un grupo heterogéneo de tumores, tanto en su comportamiento clínico como pronóstico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es clasificar los carcinomas de mama en subtipos moleculares mediante marcadores inmunohistoquímicos y analizar las características clinicopatológicas e inmunohistoquímicas y los patrones de supervivencia y recaída de los distintos subtipos. Material y métodos. Se han clasificado 272 pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinoma de mama en cinco subtipos: carcinomas de mama de tipo basal, de tipo HER2, de tipo luminal A, de tipo luminal B y normal. Resultados. Los carcinomas de mama más frecuentes fueron los de tipo luminal A (62,5%), carcinomas de tipo luminal B (18%), carcinomas de tipo HER2 (9,9%), carcinomas de tipo basal (8,4%) y los de fenotipo normal (1,4%). Los carcinomas de mama de tipo luminal mostraron ser, con mayor frecuencia, de forma significativa, tumores bien diferenciados, de pequeño tamaño tumoral, con ganglios axilares negativos, estadio precoz en el momento del diagnóstico, niveles altos de BCL-2 y bajo índice de proliferación con Ki-67. En cambio, los carcinomas de mama de tipo basal y HER2 presentaban tumores de mayor tamaño, pobremente diferenciados, mayor compromiso ganglionar y estadios más avanzados en el momento del diagnóstico. Expresaban con mayor frecuencia índices de proliferación altos con Ki 67 y fueron los subtipos que en curvas de supervivencia global y de supervivencia libre de progresión mostraron un peor pronóstico. Conclusión. La clasificación del cáncer de mama basada en parámetros inmunohistoquímicos (IHQ) permite una mejor definición pronóstica. Tanto los carcinomas de mama de tipo basal como HER2 presentan características histopatológicas e IHQ más desfavorables así como peor supervivencia y menor tiempo de recaída mientras que los carcinomas de mama de tipo luminal manifiestan características más benignas y mejor pronóstico.