Esparza Catalán, Irene
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Esparza Catalán
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Irene
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InaMat2. Instituto de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados y Matemáticas
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Publication Open Access Grape stems as preservative in Tempranillo wine(2022) Pires Nogueira, Danielle; Jiménez Moreno, Nerea; Esparza Catalán, Irene; Moler Cuiral, José Antonio; Ancín Azpilicueta, Carmen; Zientziak; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Ciencias; Estadística, Informática y MatemáticasSO2 is the most widely used preservative in the wine industry. However, there are several drawbacks related with the use of SO2 in wine, such as, its toxicity and the unpleasant odor in case of excess [1]. These reasons justify the importance of searching alternatives to reduce or eliminate this preservative from wine. Polyphenol rich extracts from agri-food industry by-products have been studied as a replacement for their high antioxidant activity, and positive results reported [2]. The grapes stems are discarded early on in the winemaking process, in spite of containing large amounts of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. The aim of this work was to determine whether the ground stem and its extract had the potential to totally or partially replace SO2 in wine.Publication Open Access Coffee and cocoa by-products as valuable sources of bioactive compounds: the influence of ethanol on extraction(MDPI, 2025-01-01) Martínez Inda, Blanca; Jiménez Moreno, Nerea; Esparza Catalán, Irene; Ancín Azpilicueta, Carmen; Ciencias; Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaCocoa and coffee are two of the world’s most important crops. Therefore, their by-products are generated in large quantities. This work proposes a simple method for the valorization of these residues by obtaining phenolic compounds and melanoidins by solid–liquid extraction using different hydroalcoholic solutions as extracting solvents (0, 25, 50, 75, 100% ethanol). Extracts of both by-products presented the highest antioxidant capacity and total phenolic and melanoidin content when using 50–75% ethanol in the solvent. Among all the extracts, those obtained from spent coffee grounds at 75% ethanol showed the highest concentrations of total phenolic compounds (13.5 ± 1.3 mmol gallic acid equivalents/g dry matter) and melanoidins (244.4 ± 20.1 mg/g dry matter). Moreover, the sun protection factor values of the coffee extracts obtained with 50 and 75% of ethanol as extraction solvent (7.8 ± 0.9 and 8.5 ± 0.7, respectively) showed their potential for use in the cosmetic sector. The most important phenolic compounds identified in the coffee by-products extracts were phenolic acids, and most of them were found in higher concentration in extracts obtained with lower percentages of ethanol (0–25%). Protocatechuic acid was the most abundant phenolic in cocoa extracts, with concentrations ranging from 18.49 ± 2.29 to 235.35 ± 5.55 µg/g dry matter, followed by 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin. Esculetin was found in both coffee and cocoa extracts, which had not been reported to date in these residues. In summary, the use of 75% ethanol as an extraction solvent seems a good strategy to obtain extracts rich in phenolic compounds from food by-products rich in melanoidins, such as coffee and cocoa by-products. The high antioxidant potential of these extracts makes them of great interest for the cosmetic and nutraceutical industries.Publication Open Access Stability and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in rosehip extracts during in vitro digestión(MDPI, 2023) Odriozola-Serrano, Isabel; Pires Nogueira, Danielle; Esparza Catalán, Irene; Vaz, Ana A.; Jiménez Moreno, Nerea; Martín-Belloso, Olga; Ancín Azpilicueta, Carmen; Ciencias; Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2Rosehips, particularly dog rose fruits (Rosa canina L.), are a great source of antioxidant compounds, mainly phenolics. However, their health benefits directly depend on the bioaccessibility of these compounds affected by gastrointestinal digestion. Thus, the purpose of this research was to study the impact of gastrointestinal and colonic in vitro digestions on the concentration of total and individual bioaccessible phenolic compounds from a hydroalcoholic extract of rosehips (Rosa canina) and also their antioxidant capacity. A total of 34 phenolic compounds were detected in the extracts using UPLC-MS/MS. Ellagic acid, taxifolin, and catechin were the most abundant compounds in the free fraction, while gallic and p-coumaric acids were the main compounds in the bound phenolic fraction. Gastric digestion negatively affected the content of free phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity measured using the DPPH radical method. However, there was an enhancement of antioxidant properties in terms of phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl): 18.01 ± 4.22 mmol Trolox Equivalent (TE)/g; FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power): 7.84 ± 1.83 mmol TE/g) after the intestinal stage. The most bioaccessible phenolic compounds were flavonols (73.3%) and flavan-3-ols (71.4%). However, the bioaccessibility of phenolic acids was 3%, probably indicating that most of the phenolic acids were still bound to other components of the extract. Ellagic acid is an exception since it presented a high bioaccessibility (93%) as it was mainly found in the free fraction of the extract. Total phenolic content decreased after in vitro colonic digestion, probably due to chemical transformations of the phenolic compounds by gut microbiota. These results demonstrated that rosehip extracts have a great potential to be used as a functional ingredient.Publication Open Access Valorization of onion waste by obtaining extracts rich in phenolic compounds and feasibility of its therapeutic use on colon cancer(MDPI, 2022) Paesa, Mónica; Pires Nogueira, Danielle; Velderrain-Rodríguez, Gustavo; Esparza Catalán, Irene; Jiménez Moreno, Nerea; Mendoza, Gracia; Osada, Jesús; Martín-Belloso, Olga; Rodríguez Yoldi, María Jesús; Ancín Azpilicueta, Carmen; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2In this study, the total phenolic content, the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of onion waste extracts were characterized. Some phenolic compounds present in the extracts were also identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD. Additionally, an in-silico analysis was performed to identify the phenolic compounds with the highest intestinal absorption and Caco-2 permeability. The onion extract possessed a high amount of phenolic compounds (177 ± 9 mg/g extract) and had an effective antioxidant capacity measured by ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays. Regarding the antiproliferative activity, the onion extracts produced cell cycle arrest in the S phase with p53 activation, intrinsic apoptosis (mitochondrial membrane potential modification) and caspase 3 activation. Likewise, onion waste increased intracellular ROS with possible NF-kB activation causing a proteasome down regulation. In addition, the extracts protected the intestine against oxidative stress induced by H2O2. According to the in-silico analysis, these results could be related to the higher Caco-2 permeability to protocatechuic acid. Therefore, this study provides new insights regarding the potential use of these types of extract as functional ingredients with antioxidant and antiproliferative properties and as medicinal agents in diseases related to oxidative stress, such as cancer. In addition, its valorization would contribute to the circular economy.Publication Open Access Antioxidant properties of bioactive compounds in fruit and vegetable waste(MDPI, 2023) Jiménez Moreno, Nerea; Esparza Catalán, Irene; Ancín Azpilicueta, Carmen; Ciencias; Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2In recent years, great interest has arisen in the study of compounds with antioxidant activity present in agri-food residues. The growing demand from consumers for antioxidants of natural origin, the continuous growth in the world population and the consequent increase in the amount of food residues generated have greatly promoted this field of research. The search for new uses and applications for all this waste has become a mandatory objective within the framework of global environmental management. But, in addition, it offers a promising opportunity to study the great diversity of bioactive compounds that exist in nature and to analyze their biological activity and the associated health benefits. Among agri-food waste, fruit and vegetable by-products constitute a truly abundant and affordable source of natural antioxidants, such as phenolic compounds. These antioxidant phytochemicals are of great interest for different economic sectors, such as food, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical, the latter having seen an exponential development in recent years.Publication Open Access Vegetable waste extracts as enhancers of baculovirus infections(Elsevier, 2023) Martínez Inda, Blanca; Simón de Goñi, Oihane; Jiménez Moreno, Nerea; Esparza Catalán, Irene; Moler Cuiral, José Antonio; Caballero Murillo, Primitivo; Ancín Azpilicueta, Carmen; Ciencias; Zientziak; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2Vegetable waste extracts (VWE) contain a great variety of antioxidants such as polyphenols, which have shown to potentiate baculovirus infections, making them ingredients for pest control ingredients. In the present study, the mortality enhancement of different vegetable extracts obtained from food residues when combined with baculoviruses was evaluated. Extracts from spent coffee (E2), rosehip (E17), asparagus (E28), artichoke (E29), beet stalks (E32) and banana peel (E37) were selected as they increased mortality of Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliNPV) in second instar S. littoralis larvae, when comparing with the virus inoculation alone. Extracts were assayed at 1 % w/v. In S. littoralis-SpliNPV system, the selected extracts reduced the median lethal concentration (LC50) of SpliNPV against second instar larvae. The E37 extract presented the highest potentiation, as it reduced the LC50 13.61 times, while the rest of the extracts presented LC50 reductions from 3.71 to 7.72-fold. In Spodoptera exigua-SeMNPV (Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus) system, none of the extracts decreased the LC50 of SeMNPV. In contrast, in Spodoptera frugiperda-SfMNPV (Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus) system, E2 showed the greatest potentiating effect. In the heterologous systems, none of the extracts tested increased the effective host range of SfMNPV, AcMNPV (Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus), and MbMNPV (Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus) in second instar S. littoralis larvae. Thus, the viral enhancing effect of VWE was host-pathogen and instar dependent. However, the potentiation effect of the extracts could not be directly related with the antioxidants content of the extracts.Publication Open Access Antiviral potential and chemical composition of wild Baccharis crispa Spreng: populations (Asteraceae) from Córdoba, Argentina: perspective on population variability(MDPI, 2024-11-01) Lingua, Giuliana; Chaves, Ana Guadalupe; Aguilar, Juan Javier; Martínez, Florencia; Gómez, Tomás Isaac; Rucci, Kevin Alen; Torres, Lorena E.; Ancín Azpilicueta, Carmen; Esparza Catalán, Irene; Jiménez Moreno, Nerea; Contigiani, Marta; Núñez Montoya, Susana; Konigheim, Brenda S. ; Ciencias; Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaMedicinal plants have been explored worldwide as potential alternatives for the prevention and treatment of different diseases, including viral infections. Baccharis crispa Spreng. (Asteraceae) is a native medicinal species widely used in South America. Given the influence of genetic and environmental factors on secondary metabolites biosynthesis and accumulation, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiviral activity of four wild populations of B. crispa from Córdoba, Argentina, and assess the variability in their bioactivity and chemical composition. The cytotoxicity of chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous extracts from aerial parts was evaluated by the neutral red uptake method. Antiviral and virucidal activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) were assessed via plaque-forming unit (PFU) reduction assay. Phytochemical analyses of the extracts were conducted using HPLC-ESI- MS/MS. The Puesto Pedernera population showed the strongest antiviral activity, with inhibition rates of 82% for CHIKV and 79% against HSV-1, as well as potent virucidal effects, reducing PFU formation by up to 5 logarithms for both viruses. Remarkably, ethanol extract exhibited the least toxicity and strongest inhibitory activity. Villa del Parque population was inactive. We identified 38 secondary metabolites, predominantly phenolic acids (12) and flavonoids (18), in varying proportions. Delphinidin and delphinidin-3-glucoside are described for the first time in the species. Differences in phytochemical profiles were observed among extract types and populations. Key phenolic compounds showed moderate positive correlations with the evaluated bioactivities, emphasizing the complexity of phytochemical properties and interactions. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of B. crispa extracts against viral infections and underscore the importance of considering the geographical source of plant material in bioactivity evaluations.Publication Open Access Reducing SO₂ doses in red wines by using grape stem extracts as antioxidants(MDPI, 2020) Esparza Catalán, Irene; Martínez Inda, Blanca; Cimminelli, María José; Moler Cuiral, José Antonio; Jiménez Moreno, Nerea; Ancín Azpilicueta, Carmen; Zientziak; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Ciencias; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, VARASVI PI022 and PI038SO₂ is a very important wine preservative. However, there are several drawbacks associated with the use of SO₂ in wine. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of the partial substitution of SO₂ in the Tempranillo wine by a Mazuelo grape stem extract and by a commercial vine wood extract (Vinetan®). The results were compared with a control sample (with no addition of any extract). After 12 months of storage in a bottle, total anthocyanin content, together with total polyphenol and flavonoid content were slightly higher for control wines than for those treated with extracts. These differences were of little relevance, as no differences in antioxidant activity were found between any of the wines at the end of the study. The sensory analysis revealed that the use of both extracts as partial substitutes of SO₂ could lead to wines with good organoleptic properties, similar or even better to the control ones.Publication Open Access Development of an irradiation equipment to accelerate the degradation of rosé wine in antique green and flint bottles(Elsevier, 2023) Moriones, Jennifer; Jiménez Moreno, Nerea; Ancín Azpilicueta, Carmen; Fernández de Ara, Jonathan; Navarcorena, Beatriz; Almandoz Sánchez, Eluxka; Esparza Catalán, Irene; Ciencias; Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2Flint bottles make ros´e wines more attractive to the customers and, also, allow them to detect oxidation problems in the color of these wines. Nonetheless, transparent bottles do not protect wines from light. In this work, a device capable of accelerating the degradation of ros´e wines using W lamps radiation for short times of exposure has been developed. This equipment has been used to accelerate the color photodegradation of ros´e wines, allowing, thus, to identify which parameters can be used as markers of such degradation. The irradiation treatment applied to ros´e wines bottled in different types of glass (Flint and Antique Green glass) influenced all the samples. However, the wines treated in Flint bottles displayed more important color variations, especially in color intensity (CI) and hue, than the wines treated in Antique Green bottles. These changes entailed a quality loss of ros´e wines that can be appreciated with a naked eye. The yellow component of ros´e wines treated in transparent bottles increased the detriment of the red and blue ones. Therefore, color parameters such as CI and a*, together with the total anthocyanin content, seem to be good markers of the loss of quality of ros´e wines due to the light effects. The next step will be to find a physical, chemical or physical-chemical protection strategy that, when applied to transparent glass, allow to achieve the light-filtering properties of green glass bottles.Publication Open Access Casein nanoparticles in combination with 2-hydroxypropyl-B-cyclodextrin improves the oral bioavailability of quercetin(Elsevier, 2019) Peñalva, Rebeca; Esparza Catalán, Irene; Morales-Gracia, Jorge; González-Navarro, Carlos J.; Larrañeta, Eneko; Irache, Juan M.; Ciencias; Zientziak; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako GobernuaThe aim of this work was to optimize the preparative process of quercetin loaded casein nanoparticles as well as to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of this flavonoid when administered orally in Wistar rats. Nanoparticles were obtained by coacervation after the incubation of casein, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and quercetin in an aqueous environment. Then, nanoparticles were purified and dried. The resulting nanoparticles displayed a size of 200 nm with a negative zeta potential and a payload of about 32 μg/mg. Release studies showed a zero-order kinetic, suggesting a mechanism based on erosion of the nanoparticle matrix. For the pharmacokinetic study, quercetin was orally administered to rats as a single dose of 25 mg/kg. Animals treated with quercetin-loaded casein nanoparticles displayed higher plasma levels than those observed in animals receiving the solution of the flavonoid (control). Thus, the relative oral bioavailability of quercetin when administered as casein nanoparticles (close to 37%) was found to be about 9-times higher than the oral solution of the flavonoid in a mixture of PEG 400 and water. In summary, the combination of casein and 2-hydroxypropyl-βcyclodextrin produces nanoparticles that may be a good option to load quercetin for both nutraceutical and pharmaceutical purposes.