Open Access
Evaluation of a therapeutic community treatment of addictions: a long-term follow-up study in Spain
(Taylor & Francis, 2008) Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; López-Goñi, José Javier; Illescas, Cristina; Landa González, Natalia; Lorea Conde, Iñaki; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, 35/2001
The aims of this paper were to carry out a long-term follow-up evaluation of a well-established therapeutic community treatment for addictions in Navarre (Spain) and to make a comparison between the program completers and dropouts, as well as between relapsing and non-relapsing patients, on a wide set of variables. A long-term follow-up design (mean of 6 years after leaving treatment) was used to analyze the outcomes of the therapeutic program. The sample consisted of 155 subjects (113 completers and 42 dropouts). A personal interview was carried out with each one of the located subjects. The interviews took place between September 2000 and September 2004. Treatment "dropouts" manifested a higher and earlier rate both of relapses, and of new treatments for their drug addiction than the completion group. The program was also effective in reducing criminal behavior and improving the state of health. Significant differences were found across outcome variables when comparison was made between treatment completers and "dropouts". All subjects improved on outcome variables after receiving the treatment. When patients with and without relapse were compared, significant outcome differences were also found between groups. The study's limitations are noted and future needed research is suggested.
Open Access
Trastornos de personalidad en alcohólicos: un estudio descriptivo
(Asociación Española de Psicología Clínica y Psicopatología, 2002) Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Landa González, Natalia; López-Goñi, José Javier; Lorea Conde, Iñaki; Zarzuela, Amalia; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, 35/2001
En este artículo se lleva a cabo una descripción de los trastornos de personalidad que aparecen con mayor frecuencia en el alcoholismo. Para ello, se cuenta con una muestra de 70 pacientes alcohólicos, que cumplimentan el MCMI-II en el transcurso de la evaluación pretratamiento. Los resultados muestran que el 62,8% de los pacientes presenta, al menos, un trastorno de personalidad. Más en concreto, el trastorno de mayor prevalencia es el pasivo-agresivo (34,1%), seguido del trastorno antisocial (20,4%) y del trastorno por dependencia (20,4%). Asimismo, se compara la prevalencia de los trastornos de personalidad en función del sexo y del abuso añadido de otras sustancias. Los resultados obtenidos en estas variables muestran la existencia de diferencias significativas. Por último, se comentan las implicaciones de este estudio para la práctica clínica y para las investigaciones futuras.
Open Access
Differential profile of addicted patients depending on violent behaviours and/or criminal acts
(Taylor & Francis, 2015) López-Goñi, José Javier; Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Arteaga Olleta, Alfonso; Cacho Fernández, Raúl; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia
This study explored the prevalence of violent and/or criminal behaviours in drug-addicted patients. A sample of 252 drug-addicted patients who sought treatment was assessed. Information on violent behaviours, criminal acts, socio-demographic factors, consumption factors, psychopathological factors and personality variables was collected. The sample was divided into four groups according to the presence of violence and/or criminal behaviours. There were significant differences between the groups on some variables. In general, patients associated with both violence and criminal behaviours showed a greater severity in drug consumption and maladjustment variables, as well as a higher rate of treatment dropout and re-entry.
Open Access
Employment integration after therapeutic community treatment: a case study from Spain
(Wiley, 2011) López-Goñi, José Javier; Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Menéndez, Juan Carlos; Yudego, Fausto; Rico García, Ángel; Esarte Eseverri, Sonia; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia
This article describes the employment evolution from pre- to post-treatment of 112 patients in two therapeutic communities of Proyecto Hombre (Spain). Moreover, an analysis was made using the composite scores of the EuropASI in order to evaluate the secondary outcomes in work status, beyond drug consumption. The results show that nearly half of the patients (46% of the sample) changed their employment status after treatment. Specifically, 78.6 per cent of the men (N=77) and 64.3 per cent of the women (N=9) were working after treatment; there were no statistically significant differences between them. Although the unemployment figures after treatment remained high, the residents were satisfied with their work integration. No statistically significant differences were observed between those who completed the treatment and those who did not. Implications of these results for further research and clinical practice are discussed.
Open Access
Comorbilidad psicopatológica en el alcoholismo: un estudio descriptivo
(Asociacion Española de Psicología Conductual, 2006) Landa González, Natalia; Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; López-Goñi, José Javier; Lorea Conde, Iñaki; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia
En este estudio se lleva a cabo un análisis del perfil de bebida y de la comorbilidad psicopatológica en 50 pacientes alcohólicos que acuden en busca de tratamiento a un programa ambulatorio de Proyecto Hombre de Navarra. Para ello, se lleva a cabo un estudio ex post facto, de carácter retrospectivo y con un grupo cuasi control. Se utilizan los criterios diagnósticos del DSM-IV-TR para la dependencia alcohólica, el Müncher Alkoholismus Test (MALT), para valorar la gravedad del alcoholismo, y el SCL-90-R, como medida de la sintomatología asociada. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la presencia de numerosa sintomatología psicopatológica, con elevaciones significativas en la mayoría de las dimensiones del SCL-90-R, tanto en los hombres como en las mujeres de la muestra. La comparación con las muestras normativas refleja que los alcohólicos de la muestra presentan más síntomas psicopatológicos que la población normal, pero menos que la población psiquiátrica. Asimismo, la gravedad del alcoholismo se relaciona de forma significativa con la mayor presencia e intensidad de comorbilidad. Por último, se comentan las implicaciones de este estudio para la práctica clínica y para la investigación futura.
Open Access
Profiles of mothers who seek treatment for substance use disorders in a clinical centre
(Emerald, 2019) Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; López-Goñi, José Javier; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the prevalence and profile of mothers among women who sought treatment for drug addiction, as well as the therapeutic progression of these patients. Design/methodology/approach: A sample of 180 Spanish women with addiction problems was assessed. Information was collected on the patients’ socio-demographic characteristics, consumption variables and psychological symptoms. Findings: Of the total sample, 22.2 per cent (n = 40) of the women seeking treatment for substance use disorder were mothers. Compared with women without children, mothers scored significantly higher on several EuropASI and psychological variables. Specifically, mothers presented with more medical problems, worse employment/financial situations, and more severity in alcohol use. Moreover, having a history of lifetime physical and/or sexual abuse was related to belonging to the group of mothers. Regarding therapeutic progression, no statistically significant differences in the retention rate were found between mothers and non-mothers. Originality/value: The results of this study show that mothers generally have more severe problems than non-mothers. Therefore, comprehensive, continuum-based, and client-centred care for mothers is paramount for effective treatment in mothers. The implications of these results for further research and clinical practice are discussed.
Open Access
Group and individual change in the treatment of drug addictions: a follow-up study in therapeutic communities
(Cambridge University Press, 2010) López-Goñi, José Javier; Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Menéndez, Juan Carlos; Yudego, Fausto; Rico García, Ángel; Esarte Eseverri, Sonia; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia
The pre-post treatment change of 112 patients in two therapeutics Spanish communities is described. The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was used at intake and at the end of the treatment program. Results of the treatment program were evaluated by applying composite scores (CS) of the ASI, and the evolution of each patient was evaluated using the Reliable Change Index (RCI). 69.7% of the sample completed treatment, and 30.3% dropped out prematurely. At intake, the percentage of people who could improve in the different areas of the ASI ranged between 35.1% for alcohol consumption and 95.3% for family relationships. At the follow-up, the percentage of subjects who showed significant statistical improvements in the different areas varied between 7.9% in family relations and 66.7% in alcohol consumption. The percentage of patients who deteriorated was less than 10% for all variables. Implications for further research and clinical practice are commented upon.
Open Access
Profile of addicted patients who re-enter treatment programmes
(Taylor & Francis, 2014) López-Goñi, José Javier; Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Cacho Fernández, Raúl; Arteaga Olleta, Alfonso; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, 359/2012
Objective. This study explored the differential profile of addicted patients who re-enter treatment programmes. Method. A sample of 252 addicted patients (203 male and 49 female) who sought outpatient treatment was assessed. Data regarding socio-demographic factors, drug consumption factors (assessed using the EuropAsi), psychopathological factors (assessed using the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised [SCL-90-R]), and personality variables (assessed using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory II [MCMI-II]) were collected. Results. 65.9% (n=166) of drug-addicted patients were re-admitted into treatment programmes. All of the variables for which we collected data were compared between these treatment repeaters and patients who were admitted for the first time. Significant differences between the two groups of patients were found for some of the variables that we examined. Treatment repeaters were generally older and had a poorer employment situation than first-time admits. Treatment repeaters were also more likely to report poly-consumption and to have sought treatment for alcohol abuse. Moreover, some of the scores for several EuropAsi, SCL-90-R, and MCMI-II variables were statistically significantly different from those of the first-time admits. Conclusions. According to these results, patients who re-enter treatment programmes often present with more severe addiction problems. The implications of these results for further research and clinical practice are discussed.
Open Access
Addiction treatment dropout: exploring patients’ characteristics
(Wiley, 2012) López-Goñi, José Javier; Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Arteaga Olleta, Alfonso; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
This study explored the characteristics associated with treatment dropout in substance dependence patients. A sample of 122 addicted patients (84 treatment completers and 38 treatment dropouts) who sought outpatient treatment was assessed to collect information on socio-demographic, consumption (assessed by EuropAsi), psychopathological (assessed by SCL-90-R) and personality variables (assessed by MCMI-II). Completers and dropouts were compared on all studied variables. According to the results, dropouts scored significantly higher on the EuropAsi variables measuring employment/support, alcohol consumption and family/social problems, as well as on the schizotypal scale of MCMI-II. Because most of significant differences were found in EuropAsi variables, three clusters analyses (2, 3 and 4 groups) based on EuropAsi mean scores were carried out to determine clinically relevant information predicting dropout. The most relevant results were obtained when four groups were used. Comparisons between the four groups derived from cluster analysis showed statistically significant differences in the rate of dropout, with one group exhibiting the highest dropout rate. The distinctive characteristics of the group with highest dropout rate included the presence of an increased labour problem combined with high alcohol consumption. Furthermore, this group had the highest scores on three scales of the MCMI-II: phobic, dependent and schizotypal. The implications of these results for further research and clinical practice are discussed.
Open Access
Trastornos de personalidad en adictos a la cocaína: un estudio-piloto
(Universidad de Huelva, 2003) Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Lorea Conde, Iñaki; López-Goñi, José Javier; Landa González, Natalia; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
En este artículo se lleva a cabo una descripción de los trastornos de personalidad que aparecen con mayor frecuencia en los adictos a la cocaína. Para ello, se cuenta con una muestra de 35 sujetos, que cumplimentan el MCMI-II en el transcurso de la evaluación pretratamiento. Los resultados muestran que el 45,7% de los pacientes presenta, al menos, un trastorno de personalidad. Más en concreto, el trastorno de mayor prevalencia es el trastorno antisocial de la personalidad (25,7%), seguido del trastorno pasivo-agresivo (14,28%) y del trastorno de la personalidad por evitación (14,28%). Asimismo, se compara la prevalencia de los trastornos de personalidad en función del sexo y de la comorbilidad. Por último, se comentan las implicaciones de este estudio para la práctica clínica y para las investigaciones futuras.