Open Access
Differential profile of addicted patients depending on violent behaviours and/or criminal acts
(Taylor & Francis, 2015) López-Goñi, José Javier; Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Arteaga Olleta, Alfonso; Cacho Fernández, Raúl; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia
This study explored the prevalence of violent and/or criminal behaviours in drug-addicted patients. A sample of 252 drug-addicted patients who sought treatment was assessed. Information on violent behaviours, criminal acts, socio-demographic factors, consumption factors, psychopathological factors and personality variables was collected. The sample was divided into four groups according to the presence of violence and/or criminal behaviours. There were significant differences between the groups on some variables. In general, patients associated with both violence and criminal behaviours showed a greater severity in drug consumption and maladjustment variables, as well as a higher rate of treatment dropout and re-entry.
Open Access
Therapeutic progression in abused women following a drug-addiction treatment program
(SAGE Publications, 2017) Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; López-Goñi, José Javier; Arteaga Olleta, Alfonso; Cacho Fernández, Raúl; Azanza Álvarez, Paula; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia
This study explored the prevalence of victims of abuse and the therapeutic progression among women who sought treatment for drug addiction. A sample of 180 addicted Spanish women was assessed. Information was collected on the patients’ lifetime history of abuse (psychological, physical and/or sexual), socio-demographic factors, consumption variables and psychological symptoms. Of the total sample, 74.4% (n = 134) of the addicted women had been victims of abuse. Psychological abuse affected 66.1% (n = 119) of the patients, followed by physical abuse (51.7%; n = 93) and sexual abuse (31.7%; n = 57). Compared with patients who had not been abused, the addicted women with histories of victimisation scored significantly higher on several EuropASI and psychological variables. Specifically, physical abuse and sexual abuse were related to higher levels of severity of addiction. Regarding therapeutic progression, the highest rate of dropout was observed among victims of sexual abuse (63.5%; n = 33), followed by victims of physical abuse (48.9%; n = 23). Multivariate analysis showed that medical and family areas of the EuropASI, as well as violence problems and suicide ideation, were the main variables related to physical and/or sexual abuse. Moreover, women without abuse and with fewer family problems presented the higher probability of treatment completion. The implications of these results for further research and clinical practice are discussed.
Open Access
Violent behaviours in drug addiction: differential profiles of drug-addicted patients with and without violence problems
(SAGE Publications, 2012) Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; López-Goñi, José Javier; Arteaga Olleta, Alfonso; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia
This study explored the prevalence of violent behaviours in patients who are addicted to drugs. A sample of 252 addicted patients (203 male and 49 female) who sought outpatient treatment was assessed. Information on violent behaviours, socio-demographic factors, consumption factors (assessed by the EuropAsi), psychopathological factors (assessed by SCL-90-R) and personality variables (assessed by MCMI-II) was collected. Drug-addicted patients who were associated with violent behaviours were compared on all variables to patients who were not associated with violent behaviours. The rate of drug-addicted patients with violent behaviours in this sample was 39.68% (n=100). There were significant differences between the numbers of patients who did and did not demonstrate violence on some variables. Patients with violence problems were younger than those without violence problems and were more likely to report having been a victim of abuse. Moreover, they were significantly more likely to have experienced an overdose and showed a significantly higher score on several EuropAsi, SCL-90-R and MCMI-II variables. According to these results, patients with violence control problems present with both a more severe addiction and several comorbid problems. The implications of these results for further research and clinical practice are discussed.
Open Access
Profiles of mothers who seek treatment for substance use disorders in a clinical centre
(Emerald, 2019) Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; López-Goñi, José Javier; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the prevalence and profile of mothers among women who sought treatment for drug addiction, as well as the therapeutic progression of these patients. Design/methodology/approach: A sample of 180 Spanish women with addiction problems was assessed. Information was collected on the patients’ socio-demographic characteristics, consumption variables and psychological symptoms. Findings: Of the total sample, 22.2 per cent (n = 40) of the women seeking treatment for substance use disorder were mothers. Compared with women without children, mothers scored significantly higher on several EuropASI and psychological variables. Specifically, mothers presented with more medical problems, worse employment/financial situations, and more severity in alcohol use. Moreover, having a history of lifetime physical and/or sexual abuse was related to belonging to the group of mothers. Regarding therapeutic progression, no statistically significant differences in the retention rate were found between mothers and non-mothers. Originality/value: The results of this study show that mothers generally have more severe problems than non-mothers. Therefore, comprehensive, continuum-based, and client-centred care for mothers is paramount for effective treatment in mothers. The implications of these results for further research and clinical practice are discussed.
Open Access
Are previous suicide attempts a risk factor for completed suicide?
(Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias, 2018) Goñi-Sarriés, Adriana; Blanco, Miriam; Azcárate-Jiménez, Leire; Peinado, Rubén; López-Goñi, José Javier; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia
Antecedentes: el intento previo de suicidio es un factor clínicamente relevante para el suicidio consumado. En este trabajo se comparan las personas que se suicidaron en su primer intento con quienes lo hicieron tras intentos previos. Método: revisión de las historias clínicas del Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea (2010-2013). Resultados: de los 166 casos, el 31,9% (n = 53) presentaba algún intento previo. De estos 53, el 65,3% modificó el método de suicidio. Las mujeres presentaban más intentos (χ2 = 14,3; g.l. = 3; p = ,002). Se identificaron tres submuestras: los diagnósticos de trastornos de personalidad (90,9%; n = 10) y las mujeres menores de 51 años con diagnóstico de trastornos afectivos, de ansiedad o por consumo de sustancias (82,4%; n = 14) presentaban los mayores porcentajes de intentos. Las personas sin diagnóstico psiquiátrico, con trastornos psicóticos u orgánicos fueron quienes menor proporción de intentos presentaban (13,2%; n = 10) junto con las personas mayores de 51 años diagnosticadas de trastornos afectivos, de ansiedad o por consumo de sustancias (22,5%; n = 9). Conclusiones: los intentos previos son factores de riesgo únicamente en submuestras clínicas específicas. Los programas de prevención e intervención deberían confeccionarse teniendo en cuenta este resultado.
Open Access
Características de los suicidios consumados en Navarra en función del sexo (2010-2013)
(Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud, 2015) Azcárate-Jiménez, Leire; Peinado, Rubén; Blanco, Miriam; Goñi-Sarriés, Adriana; Cuesta, Manuel J.; Pradini, I.; López-Goñi, José Javier; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia
Fundamento. Determinar el número de suicidios y las principales variables sociodemográficas, temporales y métodos empleados en los mismos en Navarra en el periodo 2010-2013 en función del sexo. Material y métodos. Revisión de las historias clínicas informatizadas del Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea de los suicidios consumados en Navarra. Resultados. Se produjeron 180 suicidios. El número de suicidios se mantuvo estable: 41 en el año 2010, 51 en el año 2011 y 44 en los años 2012 y 2013. El 75,4% (n=136) eran hombres y el 24,6% (n=44) mujeres. En la franja de edad comprendida entre los 13 y los 26 años de 13 suicidios, 12 (92,3%) fueron de hombres. En cuanto a la situación laboral, el 49,3% (n=70) eran pensionistas. La mayor frecuencia de suicidios se dio en verano (n=71) y primavera (n=39). El lunes fue el día de la semana con más suicidios (n=37) y el intervalo entre las 8:00 y las 12:00 el momento del día en que más suicidios (n=80) se produjeron. Los métodos más empleados fueron el ahorcamiento (n=59), la precipitación desde altura (n=41) y la sobre ingesta farmacológica (n=23). Los varones emplearon con mayor frecuencia métodos violentos. Es necesario destacar que en algunas de las variables sociodemográficas había hasta un 60% de casos sin información. Discusión. Los resultados encontrados muestran algunas especificidades del fenómeno del suicidio en Navarra que deben considerarse para su prevención. Asimismo se recomienda desarrollar e implementar protocolos específicos de recogida de información para mejorar las estrategias preventivas
Open Access
El desarrollo de las competencias emocionales en alumnado de secundaria: perfiles diferenciales en función del sexo
(Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Peñalva Vélez, Alicia; López-Goñi, José Javier; García-Manso, María-Isabel; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia
Se valoran las Habilidades Emocionales (HHEE) y el Bienestar Emocional (BE) de una muestra de 190 alumnos (97 hombres y 93 mujeres) de 4º de ESO. Se valoró al alumnado en función de las HHEE y del BE, y se realizó un análisis de clúster en función del BE. En líneas generales el alumnado presentaba unos buenos índices de HHEE y BE. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre hombres y mujeres en ninguno de los dos. Sí se encontraron diferencias entre mujeres y hombres tanto en HHEE específicas como en componentes del BE. Entre el alumnado (n = 42) que se encontró con un peor BE la mayoría eran mujeres (n = 27; 64,3%). Los datos de este estudio avalan la teoría de que el BE se asienta sobre unas adecuadas HHEE. Se señala la evidencia de que existen diferencias de género en el desarrollo de las competencias emocionales de mujeres y hombres, y la necesidad de planificar una educación emocional en el marco del desarrollo curricular ordinario.
Open Access
Gender differences in problematic alcohol consumption in university professors
(MDPI, 2017) Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Vaca Gallegos, Silvia; López-Goñi, José Javier; Cacho Fernández, Raúl; Fernández Suárez, Iván; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia
The role of job satisfaction and other psychosocial variables in problematic alcohol consumption within professional settings remains understudied. The aim of this study is to assess the level of problematic alcohol consumption among male and female university professors and associated psychosocial variables. A total of 360 professors (183 men and 177 women) of a large private university in Ecuador were surveyed using standardized instruments for the following psychosocial measures: alcohol consumption, job satisfaction, psychological stress, psychological flexibility, social support and resilience. Problematic alcohol consumption was found in 13.1% of participants, although this was significantly higher (χ2 = 15.6; d.f. = 2, p < 0.001) in men (19.1%) than women (6.8%). Problematic alcohol consumption was reported in men with higher perceived stress and job satisfaction. However, 83.3% of women with problematic alcohol use reported lower job satisfaction and higher psychological inflexibility. Results suggest that job satisfaction itself did not prevent problematic alcohol consumption in men; stress was associated with problematic consumption in men and psychological inflexibility in women. Findings from this study support the need to assess aspects of alcohol consumption and problematic behavior differently among men and women. Intervention strategies aimed at preventing or reducing problematic alcohol consumption in university professors must be different for men and women.
Open Access
Employment integration after therapeutic community treatment: a case study from Spain
(Wiley, 2011) López-Goñi, José Javier; Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Menéndez, Juan Carlos; Yudego, Fausto; Rico García, Ángel; Esarte Eseverri, Sonia; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia
This article describes the employment evolution from pre- to post-treatment of 112 patients in two therapeutic communities of Proyecto Hombre (Spain). Moreover, an analysis was made using the composite scores of the EuropASI in order to evaluate the secondary outcomes in work status, beyond drug consumption. The results show that nearly half of the patients (46% of the sample) changed their employment status after treatment. Specifically, 78.6 per cent of the men (N=77) and 64.3 per cent of the women (N=9) were working after treatment; there were no statistically significant differences between them. Although the unemployment figures after treatment remained high, the residents were satisfied with their work integration. No statistically significant differences were observed between those who completed the treatment and those who did not. Implications of these results for further research and clinical practice are discussed.
Open Access
Suicidal ideation and attempts among patients with lifetime physical and/or sexual abuse in treatment for substance use disorders
(Taylor & Francis, 2019) Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; López-Goñi, José Javier; Arteaga Olleta, Alfonso; Haro Escribano, Begoña; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: Several studies indicate that lifetime abuse is a relevant risk factor for suicidal ideation and/or attempts. However, little is known about this phenomenon in patients seeking treatment for substance use disorder. The prevalence rate of suicidal ideation and/or suicide attempts was explored among lifetime physically and/or sexually abused patients receiving treatment for drug addiction. The differential characteristics between these patients and those without suicidal behaviours were studied. Method: Three hundred and seventy-five patients were assessed. Socio-demographic characteristics, addiction severity, lifetime abuse, suicidal ideation and attempts, and psychopathological symptoms were explored. Results: Eighty-two patients (21.9%) presented with a history of lifetime abuse and were included in the study (37 men and 45 women). Sixty-two per cent of them presented with lifetime suicidal ideation (12.2% in the last month), and 30.5% with suicide attempts (1.2% in the last month). Patients with suicidal ideation or attempts showed a more severe addiction profile (assessed by the EuropASI) and more psychopathological symptoms (assessed by the SCL-90-R). Conclusion: This study highlights the relationship between previous traumatic experiences and suicidal behaviours. According to these results, systematic screening of suicidal risk in patients seeking treatment in addiction centres with histories of abuse is recommended.