Open Access
La generación de valor a partir de innovaciones organizativas: efectos directos y moderadores
(Universia, 2015) Anzola Román, Paula; Bayona Sáez, Cristina; García Marco, María Teresa; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
Los estudios dedicados a la gestión de la innovación y al efecto de ésta en el desempeño empresarial constituyen uno de los campos más fértiles en la literatura organizativa de los últimos años. Sin embargo, el impacto positivo de la innovación no se circunscribe únicamente a las prácticas de innovación tecnológica. Este artículo analiza cómo las empresas generan valor a través de las prácticas de innovación organizativa. A través de un caso de estudio, se analiza el proceso de innovación organizativa llevado a cabo por una empresa, ilustrando cómo las implicaciones derivadas del mismo contribuyeron a la creación de valor, y atendiendo tanto a los efectos directos como al efecto conjunto de la innovación organizativa y la innovación tecnológica.
Open Access
Profiting from collaborative and organizational innovation practices: a research through case studies and quantitative analysis
(2018) Anzola Román, Paula; Bayona Sáez, Cristina; García Marco, María Teresa; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
Esta investigación abarca una amplia variedad de prácticas de innovación, y pretende avanzar en la comprensión sobre el aprovechamiento de las mismas, teniendo en cuenta factores contextuales y los potenciales efectos de su adopción conjunta. En concreto, los estudios que conforman esta tesis profundizan en la implementación y los efectos de prácticas internas de I+D+i, actividades de I+D+i desarrolladas en colaboración con agentes externos y prácticas de innovación organizativa. A tal efecto, la tesis adopta una perspectiva holística que abarca la complejidad de estos procesos de innovación y la naturaleza diversa de las contingencias que pueden afectarlos. De esta forma, la investigación se ha desarrollado a través de métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Así, el estudio de casos llevado a cabo en una primera etapa contribuye a la formulación de las preguntas de investigación de la segunda fase, cuyo análisis se desarrolla a través de la estimación de modelos causales y basa la interpretación de los resultados en el cálculo de efectos marginales. Las conclusiones del primer estudio cualitativo subrayan la importancia de la innovación organizativa para la generación de valor en las empresas, y sugieren que ésta favorece la explotación de los resultados de las prácticas de innovación tecnológica. El tercer estudio testea estas conclusiones a través de un análisis cuantitativo, y presenta evidencia de la existencia de efectos complementarios entre la adopción de prácticas de innovación tecnológica (tanto internas como en colaboración) y de innovación organizativa con respecto a la generación de innovaciones complejas (de producto y proceso conjuntamente). El estudio múltiple de casos presentado en el capítulo dos concluye con la propuesta de un marco teórico sobre el efecto de factores contextuales organizativos en el aprovechamiento de prácticas de innovación en colaboración a lo largo del proceso innovador. Con similares objetivos de avanzar en la comprensión del aprovechamiento de este tipo de prácticas, teniendo en cuenta la influencia de decisiones estratégicas y de contingencias internas, el último estudio presenta un análisis cuantitativo sobre los efectos causales en el desempeño innovador de la proximidad tecnológica y de la intensidad de la colaboración en las distintas etapas del proceso. La evidencia hallada sugiere que las empresas deberían intentar colaborar intensamente con socios tecnológicamente próximos, y prestar atención a los mecanismos de protección, especialmente cuando se colabora en las fases tardías del proceso innovador.
Open Access
The influence of CSR orientation on innovative performance: is the effect conditioned to the implementation of organizational practices?
(Springer, 2023) Anzola Román, Paula; García Marco, María Teresa; Zouaghi, Ferdaous; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Previous research has examined the relationship between CSR and innovation and has suggested that the former might positively affect the latter; however, the impact of CSR on innovation success needs further attention. This study aims to develop a deeper understanding of how environmental and social CSR are related to innovation performance and whether the implementation of organizational practices might moderate this relationship. The results are based on an unbalanced panel of 14,313 observations of 3713 firms covering 2011–2015. Using random-effects probit models and the estimation of average marginal effects (AMEs), this paper contributes to the literature on CSR by explaining how CSR dimensions affect innovation success differently and by addressing how this effect is influenced by organizational innovation. The results show that while environmental CSR orientation proves beneficial for the generation of process innovation, social CSR orientation contributes to the generation of both kinds of technological innovations only when internal organizational practices are implemented. This study provides valuable insights for managers aiming to implement a CSR perspective in their strategies to support the pursuit of innovation.
Open Access
Organizational innovation, internal R&D and externally sourced innovation practices: effects on technological innovation outcomes
(Elservier, 2018-07-10) Anzola Román, Paula; Bayona Sáez, Cristina; García Marco, María Teresa; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
This paper focuses on determining how organizational innovation, together with other innovation activities, such as internal and externally sourced innovation practices, influences the probability of obtaining product and process innovations. The research relies on panel data methodology; random effects bivariate and univariate probit models are estimated, as well as the corresponding average marginal effects (AMEs) in order to examine the causal effects. The results confirm the existence of positive effects of internal R&D and externally sourced innovation practices, as well as a positive influence of organizational innovation on the realization of technological innovations. Regarding the enhancing influence of organizational innovation on the effect of internally or externally sourced innovation practices, findings point to a moderating effect only on the probability of obtaining complex technological innovations (product and process innovations, jointly).
Open Access
Profiting from collaborative innovation practices: identifying organizational success factors along the process
(Cambridge University Press, 2019) Anzola Román, Paula; Bayona Sáez, Cristina; García Marco, María Teresa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
Research on innovation management has pointed out that the capitalization of collaborative innovation practices is influenced by firms' internal context. This paper aims to answer the following question: which organizational factors help to overcome the challenges that firms face in the different phases of the collaborative innovation process? For this purpose, previous literature is revised and three case studies are analyzed by means of applying a framework that structures the collaborative innovation process in three areas of relevance (i.e., development, integration and commercialization of the innovation). The results of the analysis inform the proposal of a theoretical framework that identifies the organizational context factors that determine the success or failure of collaborative innovation practices in each of the stages of the process.
Open Access
Technological proximity and the intensity of collaboration along the innovation funnel: direct and joint effects on innovative performance
(Emerald, 2019) Anzola Román, Paula; Bayona Sáez, Cristina; García Marco, María Teresa; Lazzarotti, Valentina; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
Purpose: this paper aims to advance the understanding regarding the profiting of collaborative innovation practices, focusing particularly on how the intensity of collaboration along the innovation process and the relatedness between the partners’ technological bases affect the outcomes of such process in terms of efficiency and generation of technological innovations. Design/methodology/approach: drawing on the results from causal models and the estimation of average marginal effects, this research analyses the direct and joint effect of technological proximity and intensity of collaboration in the early and late phases of the process. Findings: the findings suggest that there is a positive unconditional relationship between the aforementioned aspects and innovative performance and that the joint effects diverge depending on the stage of the process, i.e. while in the early phase collaborating intensely with close partners seems to be advisable, this circumstance proves to be problematic in the late phase of the innovation process. Originality/value: the analysis developed provides clarity regarding relevant aspects of collaborative innovation practices, particularly, the search for and selection of optimal partners. In general terms, the evidence found here suggests seeking for collaborating intensely along the whole process with partners whose technological bases present a tight matchup with that of the focal firm. Results also call for awareness of the potential drawbacks derived from intense collaborations with close partners in the late phases of the process, thus hinting toward the convenience of developing protection mechanisms. In addition, this work provides interesting insights that challenge the notion of 'proximity paradox' and set out further questions that might be worth considering for future research.
Open Access
University spin-offs: a case study on their characterization, challenges and entrepreneurship ecosystem
(Academic Publishing, 2021) Anzola Román, Paula; Bayona Sáez, Cristina; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
University has moved away from the ‘ivory tower’ conceptualization that characterized it as an isolated and inexpugnable knowledge fortress. On the contrary, universities fully participate today of a system, acting the main agent for the dissemination of knowledge and technological change, but permeating its borders to be in full contact with its context. Academic literature, noting these transformations, has coined the term ‘entrepreneurial university’, to refer to this institution that interacts with private companies and other economic agents, exploiting entrepreneurship opportunities, and thus contributing to economic and social development. Within the context of the ‘entrepreneurial university’, this work focuses on business initiatives arising from academic R&D activities. For this purpose, the research provides a comparative study and a multiple case study based on in-depth interviews with the founding leaders of six firms constituted as spin-offs from the Public University of Navarra (henceforward, UPNA) and other agents related. The objective is to determine a characterization for these types of firms, with the aim of contributing to the literature regarding the phenomenon of university spin-offs and its idiosyncrasy. In turn, this work intends also to identify the main challenges faced by these firms, and to carry out an exploratory study on how the entrepreneurship ecosystem –promoted by the University- helps in overcoming these challenges. In this sense, the results of the analysis highlight the difficulties regarding the need to combine practices to explore disruptive technologies with the need to guarantee a sustainable model for the exploitation of the products developed by these spin-offs. Therefore, this study concludes that the main challenge for university spin-offs is ambidexterity. In addition, it elaborates on the relevance of the support instruments provided by the ecosystem, which intend to complement the initial deficiencies of university spin-offs in matters of management and commercial strategy. This insight is undoubtedly useful for practitioners, researches and policy makers alike.
Open Access
Open innovation and organizational innovation: organizational innovation as leverage for open innovation practices and the effect of open and organizational innovation practices on business performance
(2013) Anzola Román, Paula; Hualde Bilbao, Javier; Bayona Sáez, Cristina; Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales; Ekonomia eta Enpresa Zientzien Fakultatea
Open innovation is currently one of the hottest topics in innovation management, in particular since in 2003 it was conceptualized as “the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation and to expand the markets for external use of innovation, respectively” (Chesbrough et al., 2006). This concept is based on the idea that the search for innovations is carried out with the participation of external actors (Enkel et al., 2009). However, there is still research to be done regarding the process through which companies incorporate open innovation practices and take advantage of them (Huizingh, 2011). Furthermore, it has been known for some time that innovation involves much more than technology and R&D (Chesbrough, 2007); however the literature available on organizational innovation is relatively scant. Taking this into account, the present work aims to give some insight into the following questions: •How do firms turn their innovation efforts into value and how do they capture part of that value? •How does organizational innovation have an impact on the optimization of open innovation practices? •What are the effects of open innovation and organizational innovation on the business performance? The work addresses the aforementioned topic both through a qualitative and a quantitative research method. As for the first one, an in-depth case study methodology is used. The firm studied is a brake systems designer and manufacturer that underwent a profound process organizational innovation. Also, the context of openness in which the company had already been moving begun to be systematized thanks to the implementation of the new structure. A business model perspective is used to explore the first two questions raised in the introduction. The work will adopt the definition of Osterwalder and Pigneur (2009), the developers of the widely used “Business model canvas” tool for describing and discussing business models. Based on this framework, the work analyzes the process of change undergone by the firm and illustrates how and to what extent the organizational innovation contributes to the creation and capture of value, focusing especially on the way in which the open Innovation practices are leveraged by an appropriate business model design. As for the quantitative research, it is based on the Technological Innovation Survey, provided by the INE. This survey has its origins in Community Innovation Statistics (CIS), produced at a supra-national level. The sample selected corresponds to 1,323 firms from Navarre that completed the CIS for the year 2008. By means of econometric tools applied to the aforementioned data, the work aims to answer the third question posed in the introduction.