Open Access
Holographic acoustic elements for manipulating levitating particles. Applications in human-computer interaction
(2016) Marzo Pérez, Asier; Ardaiz Villanueva, Óscar; Ingeniería Matemática e Informática; Matematika eta Informatika Ingeniaritza
En esta tesis doctoral demostramos simultáneamente atrapamiento 3D, traslación y rotación de las partículas utilizando dispositivos de una sola cara. Esto se logra mediante el ajuste de manera óptima los retardos de fase usados para alimentar los transductores; de esta manera se generan estructuras acústicas sin precedentes y sin recurrir a lentes físicas, transductores hechos a medida o accionamiento mecánico. Nuestro método genera trampas óptimas en las posiciones deseadas con cualquier disposición espacial de los transductores; además, mejora significativamente los manipuladores anteriores. Presentamos tres trampas acústicas óptimas: trampas pinza, un nuevo fenómeno acústico que también puede rotar objetos; trampas tornado, cuyas capacidades de levitación se mostraron teóricamente y recientemente se observaron experimentalmente usando una lente acústica fija; y trampas en botella, que nunca han sido ni probadas ni sugeridas para levitar objetos. También introducimos el concepto de elementos holográficos acústicos basado en la interpretación de los retardos de fase como una placa holográfica que combina la codificación de elementos acústicos. Esta teoría permite el análisis y la generación eficiente de trampas acústicas, así como comparaciones con trampas ópticas. Este trabajo lleva las ventajas de la levitación óptica (es decir, un solo haz, rotación, control holográfico y múltiples partículas) a la eficiencia y versatilidad de la levitación acústica. Como resultado, esperamos el desarrollo de potentes rayos tractores, pantallas físicas 3D o control de micro-máquinas que están dentro de nuestro cuerpo. Nuevas aplicaciones en interacción hombre-máquina (IHM) se pueden derivar de la posibilidad de posicionar en medio del aire objetos a distancia e incluso a través de obstáculos. En la configuración más básica, movemos partículas sobre una superficie para pintar sobre la arena o líquidos a distancia y sin contacto. Un sistema más avanzado puede posicionar un par de objetos en 3D, esto nos permite representar funciones y posiciones de objetos tales como aviones o asteroides. El objetivo final sería crear un display compuesto de cientos de partículas que levitan de forma independiente para formar diferentes formas.
Open Access
PointerVol: a laser pointer for swept volumetric displays
(Association for Computing Machinery, 2024-10-11) Fernández Ortega, Unai Javier; Sarasate Azcona, Iosune; Ezcurdia Aguirre, Íñigo Fermín; López-Amo Ocón, Manuel; Fernandez Fernandez, Ivan; Marzo Pérez, Asier; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika
A laser pointer is a commonly used device that does not require communication with the display system or modifications on the applications, the presenter can just take a pointer and start using it. When a laser pointer is used on a volumetric display, a line rather than a point appears, making it not suitable for pointing at 3D locations. PointerVol is a modified laser pointer that allows users to point to 3D positions inside a swept volumetric display. We propose two PointerVol implementations based on timing and distance measurements, we evaluate the pointing performance using them. Finally, we present other features such as multi-user pointing, line patterns and a multi-finger wearable. PointerVol is a simple device that can help to popularize volumetric displays, or at least to make them more usable for presentations with true-3D content.
Open Access
Acoustic virtual vortices with tunable orbital angular momentum for trapping of Mie particles
(American Physical Society, 2018) Marzo Pérez, Asier; Caleap, Mihai; Drinkwater, Bruce W.; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika
Acoustic vortices can transfer angular momentum and trap particles. Here, we show that particles trapped in airborne acoustic vortices orbit at high speeds, leading to dynamic instability and ejection. We demonstrate stable trapping inside acoustic vortices by generating sequences of short-pulsed vortices of equal helicity but opposite chirality. This produces a “virtual vortex” with an orbital angular momentum that can be tuned independently of the trapping force. We use this method to adjust the rotational speed of particles inside a vortex beam and, for the first time, create three-dimensional acoustics traps for particles of wavelength order (i.e., Mie particles).
Open Access
Using low-frequency sound to create non-contact sensations on and In the body
(Association for Computing Machinery, 2024-05-11) Hassan, Waseem; Marzo Pérez, Asier; Hornbæk, Kasper; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika
This paper proposes a method for generating non-contact sensations using low-frequency sound waves without requiring user instrumentation. This method leverages the fundamental acoustic response of a confined space to produce predictable pressure spatial distributions at low frequencies, called modes. These modes can be used to produce sensations either throughout the body, in localized areas of the body, or within the body. We first validate the location and strength of the modes simulated by acoustic modeling. Next, a perceptual study is conducted to show how different frequencies produce qualitatively different sensations across and within the participants' bodies. The low-frequency sound offers a new way of delivering non-contact sensations throughout the body. The results indicate a high accuracy for predicting sensations at specific body locations.
Open Access
Avatarians: playing with your friends' data
(Association for Computing Machinery, 2012) Marzo Pérez, Asier; Ardaiz Villanueva, Óscar; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
This article describes a new game mechanic called Game Entity Social Mapping (GESM) based on using social networking data fetched from a remote site about the player and his contacts to create characters, items or scenarios. A preliminary evaluation consisting of applying this mechanic to three different games was conducted. A small number of users tested those games to measure the enjoyment and learning about their contacts information.
Open Access
Acoustic lock: position and orientation trapping of non-spherical sub-wavelength particles in mid-air using a single-axis acoustic levitator
(American Institute of Physics, 2018) Cox, L; Croxford, A; Drinkwater, Bruce W.; Marzo Pérez, Asier; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
We demonstrate acoustic trapping in both position and orientation of a non-spherical particle of sub-wavelength size in mid-air. To do so, we multiplex in time a pseudo-one-dimensional vertical standing wave and a twin-trap; the vertical standing wave provides converging forces that trap in position, whereas the twin-trap applies a stabilising torque that locks the orientation. The device operates at 40 kHz, and the employed multiplexing ratio of the 2 acoustic fields is 100:50 (standing:twin) periods. This ratio can be changed to provide tunability of the relative trapping strength and converging torque. The torsional spring stiffness of the trap is measured through simulations and experiments with good agreement. Cubes from k/5.56 (1.5 mm) to k/2.5 (3.4 mm) side length were stably locked. We also apply this technique to lock different non-spherical particles in midair: cubes, pyramids, cylinders, and insects such as flies and crickets. This technique adds significant functionality to mid-air acoustic levitation and will enable applications in micro-scale manufacturing as well as containment of specimens for examination and 3D-scanning.
Open Access
Experimental evaluation of distortion in amplitude modulation techniques for parametric loudspeakers
(MDPI, 2020) San Martín Murugarren, Ricardo; Tello Santacana, Pablo; Valencia Leoz, Ana; Marzo Pérez, Asier; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Parametric loudspeakers can generate a highly directional beam of sound, having applications in targeted audio delivery. Audible sound modulated into an ultrasonic carrier will get self-demodulated along the highly directive beam due to the non-linearity of air. This non-linear demodularization should be compensated to reduce audio distortion, different amplitude modulation techniques have been developed during the last years. However, some studies are only theoretical whereas others do not analyze the audio distortion in depth. Here, we present a detailed experimental evaluation of the frequency response, harmonic distortion and intermodulation distortion for various amplitude modulation techniques applied with different indices of modulation. We used a simple method to measure the audible signal that prevents the saturation of the microphones when the high levels of the ultrasonic carrier are present. This work could be useful for selecting predistortion techniques and indices of modulation for regular parametric arrays.
Open Access
Content adaptation and depth perception in an affordable multi-view display
(MDPI, 2020) Ezcurdia Aguirre, Íñigo Fermín; Arregui Roldán, Adriana; Ardaiz Villanueva, Óscar; Ortiz, Amalia; Marzo Pérez, Asier; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, 0011-1365-2019-000086; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, PJUPNA1923
We present SliceView, a simple and inexpensive multi-view display made with multiple parallel translucent sheets that sit on top of a regular monitor; each sheet reflects different 2D images that are perceived cumulatively. A technical study is performed on the reflected and transmitted light for sheets of different thicknesses. A user study compares SliceView with a commercial light-field display (LookingGlass) regarding the perception of information at multiple depths. More importantly, we present automatic adaptations of existing content to SliceView: 2D layered graphics such as retro-games or painting tools, movies and subtitles, and regular 3D scenes with multiple clipping z-planes. We show that it is possible to create an inexpensive multi-view display and automatically adapt content for it; moreover, the depth perception on some tasks is superior to the one obtained in a commercial light-field display. We hope that this work stimulates more research and applications with multi-view displays.
Open Access
Acoustic levitation in mid-air: recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives
(American Institute of Physics, 2020) Brizzotti Andrade, Marco Aurélio; Marzo Pérez, Asier; Adamowski, Julio C.; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, 0011-1365-2019-000086
Mid-air acoustic levitation is becoming a powerful tool to suspend and manipulate millimetric objects. Because of its unique characteristics, acoustic levitation is suitable to trap a wide variety of materials such as liquids, solids, soap bubbles, and even living creatures. Acoustic levitation can also be combined with noncontact measurement systems, allowing contactless analysis and characterization of levitating samples. In this article, we review some of the advances that have been made over the last decade. We also present the technical challenges that must be overcome in order to extend the capability of current acoustic levitation devices and, finally, we point out future directions for acoustic levitation.
Open Access
Comparison of experiment and simulation of ultrasonic mid-air haptic forces
(IEEE, 2022) Morales González, Rafael; Georgiou, Orestis; Marzo Pérez, Asier; Frier, William; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
Ultrasound mid-air haptics is an emerging technology with many applications in human-computer interactions. Despite great advances in related hardware and software, physics models that predict the resulting forces on a surface (e.g., someone's hand) are either too simple (inaccurate) or too complex (computationally expensive). In this paper, we show that simple models are not sufficient when predicting the force on an experimental setup involving two prototype devices and a precision scale. Specifically, we demonstrate that our experimental measurements cannot be accurately predicted using a linear acoustic model.