Heartbeat resonance: inducing non-contact heartbeat sensations in the chest

Hassan, Waseem; Da, Liyue; Elizondo Martínez, Sonia; Hornbæk, Kasper

Heartbeat resonance: inducing non-contact heartbeat sensations in the chest

dc.contributor.author	Hassan, Waseem
dc.contributor.author	Da, Liyue
dc.contributor.author	Elizondo Martínez, Sonia
dc.contributor.author	Hornbæk, Kasper
dc.contributor.department	Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas	es_ES
dc.contributor.department	Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika	eu
dc.date.accessioned	2025-08-14T07:38:49Z
dc.date.available	2025-08-14T07:38:49Z
dc.date.issued	2025-04-25
dc.date.updated	2025-08-14T07:20:49Z
dc.description.abstract	Perceiving and altering the sensation of internal physiological states, such as heartbeats, is key for biofeedback and interoception. Yet, wearable devices used for this purpose can feel intrusive and typically fail to deliver stimuli aligned with the heart's location in the chest. To address this, we introduce Heartbeat Resonance, which uses low-frequency sound waves to create non-contact haptic sensations in the chest cavity, mimicking heartbeats. We conduct two experiments to evaluate the system's effectiveness. The first experiment shows that the system created realistic heartbeat sensations in the chest, with 78.05 Hz being the most effective frequency. In the second experiment, we evaluate the effects of entrainment by simulating faster and slower heart rates. Participants perceived the intended changes and reported high confidence in their perceptions for +15% and -30% heart rates. This system offers a non-intrusive solution for biofeedback while creating new possibilities for immersive VR environments.	en
dc.description.sponsorship	This work is funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [grant number 101017746, TOUCHLESS].
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf
dc.identifier.citation	Hassan, W., Da, L., Elizondo, S., Hornbæk, K. (2025) Heartbeat resonance: inducing non-contact heartbeat sensations in the chest. In Yamashita, N., Evers, V., Yatani, K., Ding, X., Lee, B., Chetty, M., Toups-Dugas P., CHI '25: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-22). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713959
dc.identifier.doi	10.1145/3706598.3713959
dc.identifier.isbn	979-8-4007-1394-1
dc.identifier.uri	https://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/54736
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.publisher	Association for Computing Machinery
dc.relation.ispartof	In Yamashita, N.; Evers, V.; Yatani, K.; Ding, X.; Lee, B.; Chetty, M.; Toups-Dugas, P. CHI '25: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Nueva York: Association for Computing Machinery; 2025. p. 1-22
dc.relation.projectID	info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/European Commission/Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/101017746
dc.relation.publisherversion	https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713959
dc.rights	© 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
dc.rights.accessRights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subject	Heartbeat modulation	en
dc.subject	Non-contact haptics	en
dc.subject	Psychophysics	en
dc.subject	Vibrotactile feedback	en
dc.title	Heartbeat resonance: inducing non-contact heartbeat sensations in the chest	en
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
dc.type.version	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dspace.entity.type	Publication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication	ea2ba9c8-0ca3-42af-bf8b-89ae61d5eaab
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery	ea2ba9c8-0ca3-42af-bf8b-89ae61d5eaab