Baculovirus-induced climbing behavior favors intraspecific necrophagy and efficient disease transmission in Spodoptera exigua

dc.contributor.authorRebolledo, Dulce
dc.contributor.authorLasa, Rodrigo
dc.contributor.authorGuevara, Roger
dc.contributor.authorMurillo Pérez, Rosa
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Trevor
dc.contributor.departmentIdAB. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología / Agrobioteknologiako Institutuaes_ES
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-16T11:21:51Z
dc.date.available2020-09-16T11:21:51Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.description.abstractShortly prior to death, many species of Lepidoptera infected with nucleopolyhedrovirus climb upwards on the host plant. This results in improved dissemination of viral occlusion bodies over plant foliage and an increased probability of transmission to healthy conspecific larvae. Following applications of Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus for control of Spodoptera exigua on greenhouse-grown sweet pepper crops, necrophagy was observed by healthy S. exigua larvae that fed on virus-killed conspecifics. We examined whether this risky behavior was induced by olfactory or phagostimulant compounds associated with infected cadavers. Laboratory choice tests and olfactometer studies, involving infected and non-infected cadavers placed on spinach leaf discs, revealed no evidence for greater attraction of healthy larvae to virus-killed over non-infected cadavers. Physical contact or feeding on infected cadavers resulted in a very high incidence of transmission (82–93% lethal disease). Observations on the behavior of S. exigua larvae on pepper plants revealed that infected insects died on the uppermost 10% of foliage and closer to the plant stem than healthy conspecifics of the same stage, which we considered clear evidence of baculovirus-induced climbing behavior. Healthy larvae that subsequently foraged on the plant were more frequently observed closer to the infected than the non-infected cadaver. Healthy larvae also encountered and fed on infected cadavers significantly more frequently and more rapidly than larvae that fed on non-infected cadavers. Intraspecific necrophagy on infected cadavers invariably resulted in virus transmission and death of the necrophagous insect. We conclude that, in addition to improving the dissemination of virus particles over plant foliage, baculovirus-induced climbing behavior increases the incidence of intraspecific necrophagy in S. exigua, which is the most efficient mechanism of transmission of this lethal pathogen.en
dc.description.sponsorshipDR received a Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Mexico) scholarship, a student mobility grant and a Fomento de la Producción Académica grant from the Instituto de Ecología AC.en
dc.format.extent16 p.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0136742
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.urihttps://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/38139
dc.language.isoengen
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen
dc.relation.ispartofPLoS ONE, 2015, 10(9), e0136742en
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136742
dc.rights© 2015 Rebolledo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectInsectsen
dc.subjectLarvaeen
dc.subjectAnimal behavioren
dc.subjectLeavesen
dc.subjectMoths and butterfliesen
dc.subjectSpinachen
dc.subjectDecision makingen
dc.subjectPlant viral pathogensen
dc.titleBaculovirus-induced climbing behavior favors intraspecific necrophagy and efficient disease transmission in Spodoptera exiguaen
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication46f59760-02e7-4f4d-bfb2-e505b2875f48
relation.isAuthorOfPublication0b5a3470-9d73-4ac7-a923-c4f6079df358
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery46f59760-02e7-4f4d-bfb2-e505b2875f48

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