Artículos de revista - Aldizkari artikuluak

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Open Access
The presence of adipose tissue in aortic valves influences inflammation and extracellular matrix composition in chronic aortic regurgitation
(MDPI, 2025-03-28) Sádaba, Alba; Garaikoetxea Zubillaga, Mattie; Tiraplegui, Carolina; San Ildefonso-García, Susana; Goñi Olóriz, Miriam; Fernández Celis, Amaya; Martín Núñez, Ernesto; Castillo, Paula; Álvarez, Virginia; Sádaba Sagredo, Rafael; Jover, Eva; Navarro, Adela; López Andrés, Natalia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Adipose tissue is present in aortic valves (AVs). Valve interstitial cells (VICs) could differentiate into adipogenic lineages. We here characterize whether the presence of adipose tissue in the AV influences inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition in patients with aortic regurgitation (AR). A total of 144 AVs were analyzed by histological and molecular techniques. We performed discovery studies using Olink Proteomics® technology in 40 AVs (N = 16 without and N = 24 with adipose tissue). In vitro, human white adipocytes (HWAs) or VICs were cultured with adipogenic media and co-cultured with control VICs. Of Avs, 67% presented white-like adipocytes within the spongiosa. Discovery studies revealed increased levels of inflammatory and ECM molecules in AVs containing adipocytes. Interestingly, the presence of adipocytes was associated with greater AV thickness, higher inflammation, and ECM remodeling, which was characterized by increased proinflammatory molecules, collagen, fibronectin, proteoglycans, and metalloproteinases. AV thickness positively correlated with markers of adipose tissue, inflammation, and ECM. In vitro, adipocyte-like VICs expressed higher levels of adipocyte markers, increased cytokines, fibronectin, decorin, and MMP-13. Analyses of supernatants from co-cultured control VICs with HWA or adipocyte-like VICs showed higher expression of inflammatory mediators, collagen type I, proteoglycans, and metalloproteinases. AVs presenting adipocytes were thicker and exhibited changes characterized by increased inflammation accompanied by aberrant expression of collagen, proteoglycans, and metalloproteinases. VICs could differentiate into adipogenic pathway, affect neighbor VICs, and contribute to inflammation, collagen and proteoglycan accumulation, as well as to metalloproteinases secretion. In summary, the presence of adipose tissue in AV could modify its composition, favoring inflammation and remodeling with an impact on AV thickness.
Embargo
What does really matter in the premorbid background of psychosis leading to long-term disability? a 21-year follow-up cohort study of first-episode psychosis
(Elsevier, 2025-05-01) Peralta Martín, Víctor; García de Jalón, Elena; Moreno-Izco, Lucía; Sánchez Torres, Ana María; Gil Berrozpe, Gustavo José; Peralta, David; Janda-Galán, Lucía; Cuesta, Manuel J.; SEGPEPs Group; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Background: clinicians are currently unable to predict which patients are at higher risk of long-term disability based on premorbid factors. We aimed to determine the extent to which premorbid factors could prospectively predict long-term disability in patients with first-episode psychosis. Methods: we assessed 12 potential premorbid risk factors in 243 individuals with first-episode psychosis reassessed 21 years later for several domains of psychosocial disability. Hierarchical multivariate regression and Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) were used sequentially to investigate independent and causal associations between risk factors and long-term disability. Results: the familial load of schizophrenia, lower parental SES, obstetric complications, early neurodevelopmental delay, childhood adversity, and poor adolescence social networks were independent predictors of long-term disability, accounting for 40.6 % of the variability. The DAGs analysis showed that both familial risk of schizophrenia and lower SES had statistically significant direct and indirect effects on later disability. The indirect effects were mediated by the variables indexing impaired development, although childhood adversity and poor adolescence social networks also had significant direct effects on disability. Early neurodevelopmental delay was the only developmental marker present in all statistically significant indirect paths from familial background factors to long-term disability, suggesting that it is a key component of the causal chain that leads to later disability. Conclusions: in individuals with psychotic disorders, familial background factors appear to trigger a complex and multidetermined cascade of risk factors across developmental stages that interact iteratively, leading to long-term disability.
Open Access
Impact of resistance and high-intensity interval training on body composition, physical function, and temporal dynamics of adaptation in older women with impaired cardiometabolic health: a randomized clinical trial
(BMC, 2025-04-11) Cano Montoya, Johnattan; Rojas-Vargas, Marcela; Báez Vargas, Sebastián; Núñez Vergara, Carolina; Martínez-Huenchullán, Sergio; Gallegos, Fernando; Álvarez, Cristian; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Purpose: Physical inactivity is associated with reduced physical fitness (PF) in older women with impaired cardiometabolic health. Although exercise has been shown to improve PF, interindividual variability in response and adaptation changes over time remain unclear. This study evaluated the effects of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition, isometric strength, and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) in older women with impaired cardiometabolic health. Additionally, the study explored the reduction of non-responders (NRs) and adaptation changes over time. Methods: This randomized clinical trial involved 36 older women (64 ± 8.4 years; BMI: 31.8 ± 5.5) with impaired cardiometabolic health, divided into RT-G (n = 12; 62 ± 7 years; BMI: 32.2 ± 4.1), HIIT-G (n = 12; 66 ± 10 years; BMI: 31.2 ± 4.1), and CG (n = 12; 64 ± 9 years; BMI: 31.8 ± 6) groups. RT-G performed elastic band exercises, and HIIT-G performed cycle ergometer intervals. BMI, body fat, lean mass, isometric strength, and 6MWT were measured at baseline and at four and eight weeks. The Student’s t-test was applied for normally distributed variables and the Mann–Whitney U test for non-normal variables. Intra- and inter-group differences were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, considering group, time, and their interaction. Post-hoc comparisons were conducted using the Bonferroni test. Individual responses (IR) were calculated using the equation proposed by Hopkins: SDIR = √(SDExp2 − SDCon2). The prevalence of responders (Rs) and non-responders (NRs) was expressed as a percentage, and percentage changes from baseline to weeks four and eight were used to evaluate adaptations dynamics. Results: By week eight, isometric strength in RT-G significantly improved from 21.3 ± 4.4 to 24.37 ± 3.99 kg (p = 0.027; 95% CI: 1.8, 4.3 kg; Cohen’s d = 0.731) and 6MWT distance in HIIT-G increased from 441.0 ± 48.9 to 480.0 ± 53.0 m. (p = 0.002; 95% CI: 22, 55 m; Cohen’s d = 0.757). Both protocols reduced NRs for body fat, lean mass, and 6MWT. Responders showed greater adaptations in the first four weeks, stabilizing by week eight. Conclusion: RT and HIIT improved PF in older women with impaired cardiometabolic health, reducing NRs in terms of body composition and 6MWT over eight weeks, with similar adaptation changes over time among the responders. These findings highlight the importance of individualized exercise interventions to maximize health benefits. Trial registration: This study was part of a trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT06201273). Date: 22/12/2023.
Open Access
Evaluating the usability of Diactive-1: mHealth for personalized exercise and education in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
(AME Publishing Company, 2025-03-10) Hormazábal Aguayo, Ignacio; Muñoz Pardeza, Jacinto; Huerta Uribe, Nidia; Ezzatvar, Yasmin; García Hermoso, Antonio; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: Managing physical activity alongside glucose levels is challenging for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to evaluate the usability of the Diactive-1 app, which was designed to support muscle-strengthening training in children and adolescents with T1DM in accordance with guidelines from the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Methods: Twenty-seven patients aged 8–18 years with T1DM were randomly selected. Recruitment was conducted through the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit of the University Hospital of Navarra (Spain). All participants were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial and used the Diactive-1 app during the intervention. The study lasted 24 weeks, during which the app provided personalized muscle-strengthening exercise sessions, glucose monitoring, and motivational features such as gamification. Usability of the app was assessed using the User Version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS). Results: The Diactive-1 app demonstrated high usability, with an overall quality mean score of 4.33 [standard deviation (SD) =0.36] out of 5.00. uMARS objective domains ratings were: functionality [4.52 (SD =0.40)], aesthetics [4.43 (SD =0.45)], engagement [4.07 (SD =0.51)], information quality [4.29 (SD =0.75)], and subjective quality score was 3.94 (SD =0.61). Usability scores showed no meaningful variation across patient demographics, including sex, age, glycated hemoglobin, engagement in muscle-strengthening activities, and fear of hypoglycemia, suggesting consistent app performance among different user groups. Conclusions: The Diactive-1 app is a promising tool for integrating muscle-strengthening training and educating patients about safe physical exercise into the management of T1DM in children and adolescents. Its high usability and positive user feedback underscore its potential as an effective supportive strategy for managing the disease in this population. Further refinement of personalization features may enhance its effectiveness.
Embargo
Twenty-four-hour movement guidelines and depressive symptoms: association, temporal trends and moderators over a ten-year period among 45,297 US adolescents
(Springer, 2025-02-24) López Gil, José Francisco; Solmi, Marco; García Hermoso, Antonio; Vancampfort, Davy; Fabiano, Nicholas; Schuch, Felipe; Stubss, Brendon; Smith, Lee; Torous, John; Firth, Joseph; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
The aims of the present study were: (1) to examine the association between meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and depressive symptoms among U.S. adolescents; (2) to analyze the temporal trends of this association; and (3) to test whether sex, age, or race/ethnicity moderate these associations. This is a cross-sectional study using repeated data collection from the high school Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS), involving 45,297 adolescents in the US (49.7% females). Data were collected bi-annually between 2011 and 2021. These surveys represent cross-sectional snapshots rather than a longitudinal study, capturing data at distinct points in time across multiple years. The three 24-h movement guidelines, including guidelines for physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration were assessed by self-reported questions. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the question “During the past 12 months, did you ever feel so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that you stopped doing your usual activities?” with yes/no answer options. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was employed to gauge the association between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines (exposure) and the likelihood of having depressive symptoms (outcome). The year of data collection was included as a random intercept in the mixed-effects model to account for potential variations in depressive symptoms across different time points. The model was further adjusted for covariates, including sex, age, race/ethnicity, alcohol and tobacco consumption, school bullying, cyberbullying, and excess weight. Adolescents meeting all three 24-h movement guidelines (physical activity, screen time, and sleep) had the lowest probability of depressive symptoms (21.3%, 95% CI 17.3–25.3%) compared to those meeting none (37.6%, 95% CI 33.4–41.8%). Significant protective effects were observed across all adherence levels (p < 0.05). Over the 2011–2021 period, adherence remained consistently associated with reduced depressive symptoms, with the strongest effects seen in 2019 and 2021. Younger adolescents, males, and White individuals showed the greatest benefits, while females, older adolescents, Black, Hispanic/Latino, and individuals from other racial/ethnic groups exhibited weaker protective effects despite adherence. Findings from the present study highlight the importance of encouraging adherence to 24-h movement guidelines as a potential strategy to reduce depressive symptoms in adolescents. Notably, the protective effects of adherence varied across sociodemographic groups, with younger adolescents, females, and White individuals experiencing the greatest benefits.
Open Access
Novel FKBP prolyl isomerase 1A (FKBP12) ligand promotes functional improvement in SOD1G93A amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mice
(Wiley, 2025-06-01) Moreno-Martínez, Laura; Gaja-Capdevila, Núria; Mosqueira-Martín, Laura; Herrando-Grabulosa, Mireia; Rodríguez-Gómez, Laura; González-Imaz, Klaudia; Calvo, Ana C.; Sagartzazu-Aizpurua, Maialen; Moreno-García, Leticia; Fuentes, José Manuel; Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham; Aizpurua, Jesús M.; Miranda, José Ignacio; López de Muniain, Adolfo; Vallejo-Illarramendi, Ainara; Navarro, Xavier; Osta, Rosario; Gil Bea, Francisco Javier; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Background and Purpose: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neu-rodegenerative disease with limited treatment options. ALS pathogenesis involvesintricate processes within motor neurons, characterized by dysregulated Ca 2+ influxand buffering in early ALS-affected motor neurones. This study proposes the modu-lation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs), key mediators of intracellular Ca 2+, as a thera-peutic target.Experimental Approach: A novel class of novel FKBP12 ligands that show activityas cytosolic calcium modulators through stabilizing RyR channel activity, weretested in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) G93A mouse model of ALS. Differentoutcomes were used to assess treatment efficacy, including electrophysiology, his-topathology, neuromuscular function and survival.Key Results: Among the novel FKBP12 ligands, MP-010 was chosen for its centralnervous system availability and favourable in vitro pharmaco-toxicological profile.Chronic administration of MP-010 to SOD1 G93A mice produced preservation ofmotor nerve conduction, with the 61-mg kg 1 dose significantly delaying the onsetof motor impairment. This was accompanied by improved motor coordination,increased innervated endplates and significant preservation of motor neurones inthe spinal cord of treated mice. Notably, MP-010 treatment significantly extendedlifespan by an average of 10 days compared to vehicle.Conclusions and Implications: FKBP12 ligands, particularly MP-010, exhibit prom-ising neuroprotective effects in ALS, highlighting their potential as novel therapeuticagents. Further investigations into the molecular mechanisms and clinical translat-ability of these compounds are needed for their application in ALS treatment.
Open Access
Effect of a 24-week supervised concurrent exercise intervention on fecal microbiota diversity and composition in young sedentary adults: the ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial
(Elsevier, 2025-06-01) Martínez Téllez, Borja; Xu, Huiwen; Ortiz Álvarez, Lourdes; Rodríguez-García, Carmen; Schönke, Milena; Jurado Fasoli, Lucas; Osuna Prieto, Francisco J.; Alcántara Alcántara, Juan Manuel; Acosta, Francisco M.; Amaro Gahete, Francisco J.; Folkerts, Gert ; Vilchez-Vargas, Ramiro; Link, Alexander; Plaza-Díaz, Julio; Gil, Ángel; Labayen Goñi, Idoia; Fernández-Veledo, Sonia; Rensen, Patrick C. N.; Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
Background: Numerous physiological responses to exercise are observed in humans, yet the effects of long-term exercise and varying intensities on the diversity and composition of human fecal microbiota remain unclear. We investigated the effect of a 24-week supervised concurrent exercise intervention, at moderate and vigorous intensities, on fecal microbiota diversity and composition in young adults. Methods: This ancillary study was based on data from the ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02365129), and included adults (aged 18–25 years, 70 % female) that were randomized to (i) a control group (CON: no exercise, n = 20), (ii) a moderate-intensity exercise group (MOD-EX, n = 21), and (iii) a vigorous-intensity exercise group (VIG-EX, n = 20). Fecal samples were collected before and after the 24-week exercise intervention, and the diversity and composition of the fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Inferential functional profiling of the fecal microbiota was performed and correlations between microbial changes and cardiometabolic outcomes were assessed. Results: Exercise did not modify beta or alpha diversities regardless of the intensity (all P ≥ 0.062). The relative abundance of the Erysipelotrichaceae family (Bacillota phylum) (−0.3 ± 1.2 %; P = 0.031) was however reduced in the VIG-EX group. Coprococcus was the only genus showed a significant difference between MOD-EX and VIG-EX after the intervention, with its relative abundance increasing in MOD-EX (+0.4 ± 0.6 %; P = 0.005). None of these changes were related to the exercise-induced cardiometabolic benefits (all P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: In young adults, a 24-week supervised concurrent exercise program, at moderate and vigorous intensities, resulted in minor changes in fecal microbiota composition, while neither alpha nor beta diversities were affected. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02365129.
Open Access
Past-myopic economic agents
(Economics Bulletin, 2025-03-30) Campión Arrastia, María Jesús; Induráin Eraso, Esteban; Munárriz Iriarte, Ana; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2
In this paper, the idea of myopic preference and myopic topology provided by Brown and Lewis is further explored. In this sense, new definitions of myopia are introduced for finite spaces. The main contribution of the work is the inclusion of the past in the models. We have defined the notions of past-myopic preference and topology for sequence spaces and n-dimensional spaces. Adding this new dimension makes it possible to work with decision spaces where the economic agent only has information about past events and when she has to choose accordingly to it, which is in line with the reality of certain economic situations, such as voting or finances. This approach generates a wide room for future research lines related to the idea of myopia. Based on this, it would allow to study in forthcoming research past-hyperopic topologies and preferences, and to interconnect different preferences, defined on the past and future models.
Open Access
Endeudarse para comprar una iglesia al final de la Edad Media: la importancia de recuperar un símbolo de poder (1456-1500)
(Université Paris-Sorbonne, 2025-06-01) Paz Moro, Agurtzane; Díaz de Durana Ortiz de Urbina, José Ramón; Ciencias humanas y de la educación; Giza eta Hezkuntza Zientziak
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el contexto del endeudamiento del Pariente Mayor del linaje de Balda para recuperar el patronato sobre la Iglesia de Santa María, en Azkoitia. Los protagonistas fueron el descendiente de una familia de mercaderes, Martín García de Licona, titular del solar, y Martín Ruiz de Gamboa, líder del bando gamboíno, al que también pertenecían los Balda. Pretendemos concretar los términos de la gestión del crédito, la cuantía, las formas de pago y la procedencia de las cantidades correspondientes para cancelar la deuda. También, en una sociedad en transformación, las secuelas para ambos linajes, emparentados entre sí, para sus clientelas y para la relación entre los Balda y el concejo de la villa de Azkoitia.
Open Access
Exploring (de-)motivating teaching profiles from a fine-grained directiveness approach: differences in students' need-based experiences
(Elsevier, 2025-06-01) Diloy-Peña, Sergio; García-González, Luis; Haerens, Leen; De Cocker, Katrien; Burgueño, Rafael ; Abós, Ángel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
The aim was to examine how structuring and controlling approaches (high directiveness), and autonomy-supportive and chaotic approaches (low directiveness) were combined and related to students’ needs in physical education. In a sample of 1124 secondary school students, this cross-sectional study conducted two sets of profile analyses, respectively for high and low directiveness, were conducted. The latent profile analyses (LPA) revealed four high-directiveness profiles, with “very high structure-very high control” being the most adaptive and “low structure–low control” the most maladaptive in terms of need-based experiences. Four low directiveness profiles were identified, with “very high autonomy support-very low chaos” being the most adaptive and “low autonomy support-moderate chaos” the most maladaptive.
Open Access
An acoustic levitator design for suspending cosmic dust analogues and aerosol particles in light scattering experiments
(Springer, 2025-04-22) Colin, Ángel; Muñoz, O.; García-Izquierdo, Francisco José; Frattin, E.; Martikainen, J.; Gray, Z.; Ramos, J. L.; Jiménez, J.; Tobaruela, A.; Gómez-López, J. M.; Bustamante, I.; Gómez, J. C.; Moreno, F.; Marzo Pérez, Asier; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
We present a design of an acoustic levitator composed of 35 ultrasonic transducers operating at 40 kHz confgured to form a spherical cavity. The acoustic radiation force measured experimentally in the center of the cavity is Frad ≈ 9.6mN, enough for levitating spheres as well as irregular particles of diferent materials of up to ~50 mg. Levitation tests have been performed with particles of diferent geometries and compositions, including liquid droplets and minerals relevant in studies of atmospheric aerosol and cosmic dust. This device has been deployed in the center of a polar nephelometer set-up to conduct studies of light scattering by irregular solid particles and liquid droplets. Test experiments have been carried out using a 1.5 mm diameter NBK- 7 glass sphere, for which three elements of the scattering matrix have been measured as functions of the scattering angle using a 647 nm diode laser. Mie theory calculations of the scattering matrix elements at this wavelength agree well with the measurements, demonstrating the functionality of the whole device.
Open Access
Austerity and asymmetries in the fiscal policies of the Eurozone: the case of Southern Europe
(Springer, 2025-04-23) Bajo Rubio, Óscar; Gómez Gómez-Plana, Antonio; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
In this paper, we analyse the effects of several austerity policies implemented by the Southern European countries, i.e., Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain on the economies of the European Union and the rest of the world. In particular, we simulate the reduction in one point in the government deficit-to-GDP ratio in each of these countries, through several alternative policies, both from the spending side and the revenue side. The empirical methodology is based on a computable general equilibrium model, which incorporates the backward sectoral linkages and inter-country flows generated by fiscal consolidations. Our results show that these austerity policies were generally more painful, in terms of a fall in the levels of activity and a worsening in income distribution for labour, in the scenarios of tax increases rather than in those based on spending cuts. The effects on the rest of the European Union and the rest of the world were however mostly negligible.
Open Access
Museos y espacios expositivos, una realidad distante para el profesorado en formación de Educación Primaria
(Universidad de Granada, 2025-03-30) Ciriza Mendívil, Carlos; Benito Aguado, María Teresa; Navarro Neri, Iñaki; Ciencias humanas y de la educación; Giza eta Hezkuntza Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Introducción: Los museos llevan décadas tratando de ser baluarte y motor del contexto cultural donde se ubican. Sin embargo, la población más joven no se siente lo suficientemente atraída ni interpelada por estos espacios. Esta investigación plantea como hipótesis principal que esta desconexión de la juventud es extrapolable a las percepciones que el profesorado en formación tiene con respecto a los museos. Método: Este estudio lleva a cabo una investigación descriptiva de tipo no experiencial con enfoque mixto, cualitativo y cuantitativo. Se ha utilizado un cuestionario validado por expertos con un total de 73 preguntas. La muestra está compuesta por n=215 discentes con una media de edad en torno a los 18 años, todos ellos pertenecientes al Grado de Educación Primaria, Educación Infantil y Doble Grado de Educación Primaria y Educación Infantil. Resultados: Los resultados indican que el profesorado en formación cuestionado acude a los museos una o dos veces al año y entiende estas instituciones como espacios principalmente ligados a la cultura y la historia y no tanto al aprendizaje, la interconexión o la identidad. Paradójicamente, su escaso uso no reduce su utilidad y el profesorado en formación percibe los museos como espacios importantes en su futura labor docente a la hora de llevar a cabo trabajos con fuentes y dinámicas participativas. Conclusiones: Este estudio confirma la necesidad de llevar a cabo en las aulas una educación patrimonial que abarque todas las etapas educativas y donde los museos tengan un espacio importante, dotando experiencias significativas a los discentes y de recursos al profesorado, permitiendo así que estos espacios se muestren verdaderamente como lugares útiles para el desarrollo de competencias históricas y abiertos a la participación ciudadana.
Open Access
Method to use transport microsimulation models to create synthetic distributed acoustic sensing datasets
(MDPI, 2025-05-07) Robles Urquijo, Ignacio; Benavente, Juan; Blanco García, Javier; Diego González, Pelayo; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Sagüés García, Mikel; Rodríguez Cobo, Luis; Cobo, Adolfo; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
This research introduces a new method for creating synthetic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) datasets from transport microsimulation models. The process involves modeling detailed vehicle interactions, trajectories, and characteristics from the PTV VISSIM transport microsimulation tool. It then applies the Flamant-Boussinesq approximation to simulate the resulting ground deformation detected by virtual fiber-optic cables. These synthetic DAS signals serve as large-scale, scenario-controlled, labeled datasets on training machine learning models for various transport applications. We demonstrate this by training several U-Net convolutional neural networks to enhance spatial resolution (reducing it to half the original gauge length), filtering traffic signals by vehicle direction, and simulating the effects of alternative cable layouts. The methodology is tested using simulations of real road scenarios, featuring a fiber-optic cable buried along the westbound shoulder with sections deviating from the roadside. The U-Net models, trained solely on synthetic data, showed promising performance (e.g., validation MSE down to 0.0015 for directional filtering) and improved the detectability of faint signals, like bicycles among heavy vehicles, when applied to real DAS measurements from the test site. This framework uniquely integrates detailed traffic modeling with DAS physics, providing a novel tool to develop and evaluate DAS signal processing techniques, optimize cable layout deployments, and advance DAS applications in complex transportation monitoring scenarios. Creating such a procedure offers significant potential for advancing the application of DAS in transportation monitoring and smart city initiatives.
Open Access
Domesticación arquitectónica y exaltación simbólica: Legutio (Araba) y Elgeta (Gipuzkoa) como dos ejemplos de reconstrucción franquista de posguerra (1936-1956)
(CSIC, 2025-07-03) Santamarina Otaola, Josu; Ciencias humanas y de la educación; Giza eta Hezkuntza Zientziak
La Dirección General de Regiones Devastadas y Reparaciones era la entidad encargada de la reconstrucción de posguerra en el seno de la dictadura de Franco. Varias localidades vascas fueron adoptadas para su reconstrucción: Gernika, Amorebieta, Eibar, etc. Sin embargo, en este caso presentamos un análisis comparativo de dos casos menos conocidos, pero igualmente significativos: Legutio (Araba) y Elgeta (Gipuzkoa). Los dos pueblos fueron adoptados, pero desde enfoques diferentes y con perspectivas distintas. La hipótesis que guía este trabajo es que su significación política dispar motivó actuaciones distintas a nivel arquitectónico, urbanístico y territorial: Legutio era la “villa mártir” del ejército franquista, mientras Elgeta representaba a la “resistencia vasca” frente a los sublevados. Un análisis riguroso de los restos materiales del presente –edificios, monumentos, impactos, etc.– resulta revelador a la hora de comprender y caracterizar la obra reconstructora del Nuevo Estado franquista, así como su impacto en los paisajes construidos del País Vasco.
Open Access
Estrategias dialógicas para el desarrollo de la competencia ciudadana: experiencias desde la Educación Primaria
(Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 2025-06-23) Benito Aguado, María Teresa; Ciriza Mendívil, Carlos; Ciencias humanas y de la educación; Giza eta Hezkuntza Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS
Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigación longitudinal realizada a lo largo de un curso académico con alumnado de 6º de Educación Primaria (n=45) del CPEIP Azpilagaña, (Pamplona, Navarra, España) con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos de la implementación periódica de tertulias dialógicas en el desarrollo de la competencia ciudadana. Se emplea una metodología de tipo mixto mediante investigación-acción de tipo técnico con una aproximación cíclica, participativa y reflexiva. Los resultados muestran una mejora significativa de los indicadores de calidad dialógica, el incremento de las tasas de participación y una percepción muy positiva por parte del alumnado. El estudio sugiere así que la implementación periódica y continuada de encuentros dialógicos constituye una metodología efectiva para el desarrollo de la competencia ciudadana al generar un espacio seguro, democrático y equitativo en el que se propicia la participación y se produce un diálogo de calidad percibido de manera satisfactoria por los participantes.
Embargo
Health crises, community health habits, and pandemic-driven food sentiments: a twitter-based study in the United States
(Wiley, 2025-01-26) Fakhreddine, Lara Bou; Sánchez García, Mercedes; Pindado Tapia, Emilio; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
This study analyzes how Twitter users' characteristics (the number of followers and followings) and their context (crisis conditions, community healthy eating, and exercise habits) determine food attitudes during health crises. We analyzed 72,067 US tweets discussing food and COVID-19 from January 20, 2020 to March 20, 2021. The analysis examines tweets mentioning together the topics food and COVID-19 to grasp the sentiments of users regarding food amidst this health crisis. Using sentiment analysis and multilevel modeling, our results show that users with a high number of followings tend to express fewer positive sentiments, whereas the opposite is the case for users with a high number of followers. We found that a worsening of the epidemic conditions increased the propensity to express fewer positive sentiments and that the relationship of community healthy habits with pandemic-driven food sentiments is contingent on these conditions. At low levels of COVID-19 cases, users in healthy-eating communities tend to express positive sentiments, but at high levels, they express more negative sentiments. Regarding community exercise habits, people in these contexts often express fewer positive sentiments. However, as the pandemic worsened, individuals in these communities tended to express more positive sentiments. This study advises policymakers to counter misinformation and develop targeted communication strategies for different communities.
Open Access
Federalism and secession: recent secessionist tensions in Catalonia and lessons we can learn in Spain from the Canadian Federal experience
(SGMK Publishing, 2025-06-01) Torres Gutiérrez, Alejandro; Derecho; Zuzenbidea
Secessionist tensions in Quebec recently put in serious risk the continuity of Canada's territorial integrity. Nevertheless, the clever doctrine of the Canadian Supreme Court was particularly useful in order to resolve this problem. Many lessons may be learned in the European Union from this risky Canadian experience, especially in countries such as Spain, with similar secessionist tensions. The Catalan experience shows many similarities. The so-called 'right to decide', has great expressive force. Behind this idea there is a large dose of political marketing, demagogy and also hidden problems and challenges for modern federalism.
Open Access
Non-destructive spectroscopy-based technologies for meat and meat product discrimination: a review
(Elsevier, 2025-10-01) León Ecay, Sara; Insausti Barrenetxea, Kizkitza; López Maestresalas, Ainara; Prieto, Nuria; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Consumers' confidence in products of animal origin is highly subjected to the quality guarantees offered by the manufacturing and retail industries. Traditionally, meat quality evaluation has been conducted through destructive, time-consuming and chemical-dependent protocols. Smart methodologies based on the non-destructiveness and/or non-contact with the samples, such as spectroscopy-based technologies, arise as an alternative promising tool. This comprehensive overview includes literature published in the last decade applying spectroscopy-based techniques in the Visible (Vis) and near-infrared (NIR) regions of the spectrum (Vis-NIR), either individually or combined with imaging (hyperspectral imaging, HSI), to classify meat and meat products based on ante- or postmortem factors. First, a brief introduction to the fundamentals of Vis-NIRS and HSI is included. Secondly, the main applications of Vis-NIRS and HSI technologies for meat qualitative purposes only are discussed. The Vis-NIRS and HSI have been successfully used in lab scale studies (> 90 % overall accuracy) to discriminate meat and meat products according to antemortem (feeding system, species, origin and breed) and postmortem (freshness, meat quality, label claims) factors. Recently, spectral data collected with handheld Vis-NIR equipment have become more frequent, although the use of portable HSI has not been widely explored. From the studies reviewed, the main concern regarding spectral data is to shorten modelling handling times, including strategies to both extract optimal wavelengths from NIR and compress spectral data from HSI. Despite the efforts made to overcome instrumentation and data processing challenges, a gap remains to be covered up to a real-time implementation in industrial line quality control.
Open Access
A hybrid technique for mutual coupling reduction in a compact dual-band millimeter-wave MIMO antenna
(IEEE, 2025-07-01) Ahmad, Jawad; Hashmi, Mohammad; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
This letter reports a hybrid approach employing metallic vias and metasurface for mutual coupling reduction in a MIMO antenna at mmWave frequencies. Initially, a dual-band coaxial-fed antenna, operating at 27 GHz and 28 GHz, is designed using modified K-shaped patch arms with a tapered profile which is then used to develop a four-element dual-band MIMO array. Subsequently, metallic vias are incorporated to suppress surface wave-induced coupling. Finally, metasurface slab is integrated to mitigate near-field interactions. The proposed design achieves an impedance bandwidth of 26.75-27.28 GHz and 27.77-28.19 GHz, with coupling levels below 30 dB, and broadside radiation patterns with respective peak gains of 6.52 dBi and 6.74 dBi. Furthermore, the proposed design exhibits an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of less than 0.05 for isotropic and less than 0.25 for Gaussian environments. An excellent agreement between the experimental and simulation results validate the proposed design approach.