A radio channel model for D2D communications blocked by single trees in forest environments

Picallo Guembe, Imanol; Klaina, Hicham; López Iturri, Peio; Aguirre Gallego, Erik; Celaya Echarri, Mikel; Azpilicueta Fernández de las Heras, Leyre; Eguizábal Garrido, Alejandro; Falcone Lanas, Francisco Javier; Alejos, Ana

Publication:
A radio channel model for D2D communications blocked by single trees in forest environments

dc.contributor.author	Picallo Guembe, Imanol
dc.contributor.author	Klaina, Hicham
dc.contributor.author	López Iturri, Peio
dc.contributor.author	Aguirre Gallego, Erik
dc.contributor.author	Celaya Echarri, Mikel
dc.contributor.author	Azpilicueta Fernández de las Heras, Leyre
dc.contributor.author	Eguizábal Garrido, Alejandro
dc.contributor.author	Falcone Lanas, Francisco Javier
dc.contributor.author	Alejos, Ana
dc.contributor.department	Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren	eu
dc.contributor.department	Institute of Smart Cities - ISC	en
dc.contributor.department	Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación	es_ES
dc.date.accessioned	2020-05-19T06:57:56Z
dc.date.available	2020-05-19T06:57:56Z
dc.date.issued	2019
dc.description.abstract	In this paper we consider the D2D (Device-to-Device) communication taking place between Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) elements operating in vegetation environments in order to achieve the radio channel characterization at 2.4 GHz, focusing on the radio links blocked by oak and pine trees modelled from specimens found in a real recreation area located within forest environments. In order to fit and validate a radio channel model for this type of scenarios, both measurements and simulations by means of an in-house developed 3D Ray Launching algorithm have been performed, offering as outcomes the path loss and multipath information of the scenarios under study for forest immersed isolated trees and non-isolated trees. The specific forests, composed of thick in-leaf trees, are called Orgi Forest and Chandebrito, located respectively in Navarre and Galicia, Spain. A geometrical and dielectric model of the trees were created and introduced in the simulation software. We concluded that the scattering produced by the tree can be divided into two zones with different dominant propagation mechanisms: an obstructed line of sight (OLoS) zone far from the tree fitting a log-distance model, and a diffraction zone around the edge of the tree. 2D planes of delay spread value are also presented which similarly reflects the proposed two-zone model.	en
dc.description.sponsorship	This research was funded by Xunta de Galicia under grant ED431C-2019/26, Spanish Government under grant TEC2017-85529-C03-3R, AtlantTIC Research Center and project RTI2018-095499-B-C31, Funded by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE).	en
dc.format.extent	20 p.
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf	en
dc.format.mimetype	application/zip	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.3390/s19214606
dc.identifier.issn	1424-8220
dc.identifier.uri	https://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/36917
dc.language.iso	eng	en
dc.publisher	MDPI	en
dc.relation.ispartof	Sensors, 2019, 19 (21), 4606	en
dc.relation.projectID	info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/TEC2017-85529-C3-2-R/ES/	en
dc.relation.publisherversion	https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214606
dc.rights	© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)	en
dc.rights.accessRights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess	en
dc.rights.accessRights	Acceso abierto / Sarbide irekia	es
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject	Device-to-device	en
dc.subject	Internet of things	en
dc.subject	Wireless sensor networks	en
dc.subject	Vegetation	en
dc.subject	Ray launching	en
dc.subject	5G	en
dc.subject	Radio channel model	en
dc.subject	Scattering	en
dc.subject	Log-distance	en
dc.title	A radio channel model for D2D communications blocked by single trees in forest environments	en
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/article	en
dc.type	Artículo / Artikulua	es
dc.type.version	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion	en
dc.type.version	Versión publicada / Argitaratu den bertsioa	es
dspace.entity.type	Publication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication	674cf14a-2752-42aa-8968-c7a8ff24dc1f
relation.isAuthorOfPublication	86f29e0a-60c5-4c5c-acb6-ac8b33f67893
relation.isAuthorOfPublication	b0db43fb-1193-49ba-8372-f9d8277821a4
relation.isAuthorOfPublication	e2f68555-d99f-47ce-89b3-6301be6d0ef7
relation.isAuthorOfPublication	76e71cd0-97ce-493a-853e-90a8d37d04c6
relation.isAuthorOfPublication	00915558-0f9a-4e8e-a04c-8a7eaa1629da
relation.isAuthorOfPublication	69667b5c-e390-42d4-bc71-9f256c1b7b85
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery	674cf14a-2752-42aa-8968-c7a8ff24dc1f